William J Mcguire
Biographic Data
| ID | 89735 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William J Mcguire |
| GIVEN NAMES | William J |
| FAMILY NAME | Mcguire |
| SIGNATURE | MCGUIRE W J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Yale University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 41 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 619 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 40 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1960 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Bollingen
Observing the Volcano World
This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of volcanic crisis research and shows how volcano crises are managed in practice
Paradigmatic experiences and the evocation of collective memories
In a previously unpublished article, McGuire proposes that ritualistic experiences, by activating archetypal memories, can have sizable impacts on the individual's personal experience and socially significant behavior. He discusses in turn the varieties of archetypal memories, their general characteristics, their origins, the paradigmatic ritual experiences that activate them, and the processes by which these rituals evoke the collective memories
Theory-Oriented Research in Natural Settings
This chapter reemphasizes a general methodological approach that has been neglected in social psychology during the past decade or two, namely, the conduct of basic research in natural settings. It outlines some recent methodological advances that make basic research in natural settings not only an attractive, but an increasingly feasible and powerful technique in social psychology. The chapter suggests that one response we might make with a mini…
Jung, Evans‐Wentz and various other gurus
How did Jung become deeply concerned with Asian religions and particularly with the Tibetan Buddhism of a Welshman from Trenton, New Jersey? Could that man be considered one of Jung's gurus? This essay begins six years after Jung, at twenty, was admitted to the medical school of Basel University and became a member of the Zofingiaverein, a student society. The next year he gave the first of a series of lectures on the interpretation of Christ as …
Standing on the Shoulders of Ancients
Ours is an age of consumerism, and the study of persuasion is a central topic of consumer research. Over time our knowledge of most persuasive topics has grown, but on a few topics knowledge has been lost. One lost topic is the persuasion effect of using figurative language (tropes, rhetorical figures) in communications, which had been a popular issue in earlier ages of persuasion but in our own era has been largely ignored. This neglect can be c…
Enhancing self-esteem by directed-thinking tasks
Insofar as people organize information about and evaluations of important topics in connected and coherent systems, attitudes may be changed from within by enhancing the salience of information already present virtually within the person's belief system without communicating new information from outside sources. A cognitive positivity bias is predicted such that stimulus evaluation (e.g., self-esteem) is affected more by characteristics that the …
Explorations in Political Psychology
Firm Affinities
Jung apparently had learned Enghsh by the time he went to the Burgholzli Clinic, in 1900. There he worked with American and British psychiatrists, wrote papers in Enghsh, and treated his first American analysands. Through one of these, Medill McCormick, Jung came to know influential Americans and his curiosity about the United States grew. In 1909, he first visited the States, along with Freud, and by the time of their break Jung had established …
The Wrong McCormicks
Explorations in Political Psychology
Book Note
Book Note Shanto Iyenger and William J. McGuire, eds. Explorations in Political Psychology. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993. $55.00 (cloth); $24.95 (paper). Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 58, Issue 2, SUMMER 1994, Page 333, https://doi.org/10.1086/269430 Published: 01 January 1994
The Poly-Psy Relationship
Cognitive‐versus‐affective positivity asymmetries in thought systems
Positive‐negative asymmetry in thought can involve both cognitive asymmetry, (thinking about characteristics that a stimulus has versus does not have), which we predict will be large and preponderantly a positivity bias, and affective asymmetry (thinking about desirable versus undesirable characteristics that the stimulus has or has not), predicted to be small and to fluctuate predictably in direction. The first four of the 10 studies reported he…
Dynamic operations of thought systems
Dynamic operations of thought systems
Our research program focuses on thought systems consisting of a core event that might befall a person and other topics evoked in free associating on this event, mostly its salient antecedents and consequences. We theorize that the pattern of salient antecedents and consequences evoked by the core event are related to its judged desirability and likelihood by several adaptive principles, such that when a change is directly induced in one part of t…
The vicissitudes of attitudes and similar representational constructs in twentieth century psychology
‘Attitudes’ has been the central concept of social psychology in three different periods, over which the interest evolved to three progressively more sophisticated topics. The first of these three peakings was the 1920s and 1930s preoccupation with the static topics of attitude scaling and relation to behaviour. Then, after a 1935–1955 interlude in which the study of group processes supplanted attitude as the central concern of social psychology,…
Differences in conceptualizing self versus conceptualizing other people as manifested in contrasting verb types used in natural speech
Predicted differences in modes of thinking about self versus thinking about other people, derived from assumptions regarding one's privileged information about the self, were tested by comparing the types of verbs used in free descriptions of self versus the types of verbs used in free descriptions of other people. Three-minute responses to "Tell us about your family" and "Tell us about school" probes were divided into individual subject/verb/qua…
Bollingen
This lively, intimate, sometimes disrespectful, but always knowledgeable history of the Bollingen Foundation confirms its pervasive influence on American intellectual life. Conceived by Paul and Mary Mellon as a means of publishing in English the collected works of C. G. Jung, the Foundation broadened to encompass scholarship and publication in a remarkable number of fields. Here are wonderful portraits of the central figures, including the Mello…
Effects of household sex composition on the salience of one's gender in the spontaneous self-concept
Cary F. Baynes
Salience of ethnicity in the spontaneous self-concept as a function of one's ethnic distinctiveness in the social environment
How likely people are to think of themselves in terms of a given personal characteristic is predicted from the distinctiveness postulate that the person, when confronted by a complex stimulus (such as the self), selectively notices and encodes the stimulus in terms of what is most peculiar about it, since these peculiar characteristics are the most informative in distinguishing it from other stimuli. This partial view of the person as an informat…
Trait salience in the spontaneous self-concept
Some Internal Psychological Factors Influencing Consumer Choice
The directive, information-processing aspects of the personality are described in terms of eight successive steps: exposure, perception, comprehension, agreement, retention, retrieval, decision making, and action. Each of these steps is illustrated by recent psychological research. The dynamic, motivational aspect of human personality is described more briefly in terms of 16 basic human motives that have received attention in recent psychological…
The yin and yang of progress in social psychology
Salience of ethnicity in the spontaneous self-concept as a function of one's ethnic distinctiveness in the social environment
How likely people are to think of themselves in terms of a given personal characteristic is predicted from the distinctiveness postulate that the person, when confronted by a complex stimulus (such as the self), selectively notices and encodes the stimulus in terms of what is most peculiar about it, since these peculiar characteristics are the most informative in distinguishing it from other stimuli. This partial view of the person as an informat…
The yin and yang of progress in social psychology
Effectiveness of Forewarning in Developing Resistance to Persuasion
Journal Article EFFECTIVENESS OF FOREWARNING IN DEVELOPING RESISTANCE TO PERSUASION Get access WILLIAM J. McGUIRE, WILLIAM J. McGUIRE William J. McGuire is Associate Professor of Social Psychology in the new Department of Social Psychology at Columbia University. Most of the work on this study, however, was done while he was a member of the Department of Psychology and on the staff of the Institute of Communication Research at the University of I…
Trait salience in the spontaneous self-concept
Effects of household sex composition on the salience of one's gender in the spontaneous self-concept
Cognitive consistency and attitude change
The effect of temporal presentation of ideas, consistency of presented attitude, and wishful thinking on the logicalness of thinking was investigated. The results were discussed in relation to previous empirical and theoretical research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved
The relative efficacy of various types of prior belief-defense in producing immunity against persuasion
The Effectiveness of Supportive and Refutational Defenses in Immunizing and Restoring Beliefs Against Persuasion
Attitude Organization and Change
Resistance to persuasion conferred by active and passive prior refutation of the same and alternative counterarguments
THE present study is one of a seriescomparing the relative effectiveness ofvarious pretreatments in making initially unquestioned beliefs resistant to change when subsequently the person is forced to expose himself to strong counter-arguments against the belief. The theoretical point of departure of the present and the earlier studies is the postulate of "selective exposure. " Initially strong appearing beliefs, it is assumed, are actually quite …
Some impending reorientations in social psychology
The vicissitudes of attitudes and similar representational constructs in twentieth century psychology
‘Attitudes’ has been the central concept of social psychology in three different periods, over which the interest evolved to three progressively more sophisticated topics. The first of these three peakings was the 1920s and 1930s preoccupation with the static topics of attitude scaling and relation to behaviour. Then, after a 1935–1955 interlude in which the study of group processes supplanted attitude as the central concern of social psychology,…
Some Internal Psychological Factors Influencing Consumer Choice
The directive, information-processing aspects of the personality are described in terms of eight successive steps: exposure, perception, comprehension, agreement, retention, retrieval, decision making, and action. Each of these steps is illustrated by recent psychological research. The dynamic, motivational aspect of human personality is described more briefly in terms of 16 basic human motives that have received attention in recent psychological…
The generality of immunity to persuasion produced by pre-exposure to weakened counterarguments
“A previous study... [see 36: 4GD27M] showed that strong initial beliefs are more effectively immunized against persuasion by preexposing them to counterarguments.... The present study tested the hypothesis that preexposure to refutations of some counterarguments against the belief would have a generali
Anticipatory belief lowering following forewarning of a persuasive attack
Persistence of induced opinion change and retention of the inducing message contents
Induced opinion change shows a strong positive relationship to recall of the contents of the persuasive message 1 week after receipt of the communication but tends, over time, to become functionally autonomous of recall of at least some aspects of the contents of the inducing message. Induced opinion change was found to decay rectilinearly over a 6-week period, while recall of contents showed a negatively accelerated decay trend. Opinion change a…
Standing on the Shoulders of Ancients
Ours is an age of consumerism, and the study of persuasion is a central topic of consumer research. Over time our knowledge of most persuasive topics has grown, but on a few topics knowledge has been lost. One lost topic is the persuasion effect of using figurative language (tropes, rhetorical figures) in communications, which had been a popular issue in earlier ages of persuasion but in our own era has been largely ignored. This neglect can be c…
Enhancing self-esteem by directed-thinking tasks
Insofar as people organize information about and evaluations of important topics in connected and coherent systems, attitudes may be changed from within by enhancing the salience of information already present virtually within the person's belief system without communicating new information from outside sources. A cognitive positivity bias is predicted such that stimulus evaluation (e.g., self-esteem) is affected more by characteristics that the …
Differences in conceptualizing self versus conceptualizing other people as manifested in contrasting verb types used in natural speech
Predicted differences in modes of thinking about self versus thinking about other people, derived from assumptions regarding one's privileged information about the self, were tested by comparing the types of verbs used in free descriptions of self versus the types of verbs used in free descriptions of other people. Three-minute responses to "Tell us about your family" and "Tell us about school" probes were divided into individual subject/verb/qua…
Direct and indirect persuasive effects of dissonance-producing messages
Prior Reassurance of Group Consensus as a Factor in Producing Resistance to Persuasion
It was postulated that cultural truisms (beliefs accepted without question by the members of a given society) appear very strong but actually prove highly vulnerable to persuasive attacks, because the believer is unpracticed in defending them. To stimulate the person to develop his defenses and acquire resistance to persuasion, it is necessary to threaten him, rather than further reassure him, about the validity of his belief. It was found, as pr…
Firm Affinities
Jung apparently had learned Enghsh by the time he went to the Burgholzli Clinic, in 1900. There he worked with American and British psychiatrists, wrote papers in Enghsh, and treated his first American analysands. Through one of these, Medill McCormick, Jung came to know influential Americans and his curiosity about the United States grew. In 1909, he first visited the States, along with Freud, and by the time of their break Jung had established …
The Wrong McCormicks
Cognitive‐versus‐affective positivity asymmetries in thought systems
Positive‐negative asymmetry in thought can involve both cognitive asymmetry, (thinking about characteristics that a stimulus has versus does not have), which we predict will be large and preponderantly a positivity bias, and affective asymmetry (thinking about desirable versus undesirable characteristics that the stimulus has or has not), predicted to be small and to fluctuate predictably in direction. The first four of the 10 studies reported he…
Direct and indirect persuasive effects of dissonance-producing messages
Cognitive consistency and attitude change
The effect of temporal presentation of ideas, consistency of presented attitude, and wishful thinking on the logicalness of thinking was investigated. The results were discussed in relation to previous empirical and theoretical research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved
The Effectiveness of Supportive and Refutational Defenses in Immunizing and Restoring Beliefs Against Persuasion
Attitude Organization and Change
The relative efficacy of various types of prior belief-defense in producing immunity against persuasion
Resistance to persuasion conferred by active and passive prior refutation of the same and alternative counterarguments
THE present study is one of a seriescomparing the relative effectiveness ofvarious pretreatments in making initially unquestioned beliefs resistant to change when subsequently the person is forced to expose himself to strong counter-arguments against the belief. The theoretical point of departure of the present and the earlier studies is the postulate of "selective exposure. " Initially strong appearing beliefs, it is assumed, are actually quite …
The generality of immunity to persuasion produced by pre-exposure to weakened counterarguments
“A previous study... [see 36: 4GD27M] showed that strong initial beliefs are more effectively immunized against persuasion by preexposing them to counterarguments.... The present study tested the hypothesis that preexposure to refutations of some counterarguments against the belief would have a generali
Attitude Organization and Change. An Analysis of Consistency among Attitude Components
A series of studies concerned with the consequences of various kinds of changes in the internal organization of attitudes
Effectiveness of Forewarning in Developing Resistance to Persuasion
Journal Article EFFECTIVENESS OF FOREWARNING IN DEVELOPING RESISTANCE TO PERSUASION Get access WILLIAM J. McGUIRE, WILLIAM J. McGUIRE William J. McGuire is Associate Professor of Social Psychology in the new Department of Social Psychology at Columbia University. Most of the work on this study, however, was done while he was a member of the Department of Psychology and on the staff of the Institute of Communication Research at the University of I…
Communication in Africa
Some Contemporary Approaches
Persistence of induced opinion change and retention of the inducing message contents
Induced opinion change shows a strong positive relationship to recall of the contents of the persuasive message 1 week after receipt of the communication but tends, over time, to become functionally autonomous of recall of at least some aspects of the contents of the inducing message. Induced opinion change was found to decay rectilinearly over a 6-week period, while recall of contents showed a negatively accelerated decay trend. Opinion change a…
Prior Reassurance of Group Consensus as a Factor in Producing Resistance to Persuasion
It was postulated that cultural truisms (beliefs accepted without question by the members of a given society) appear very strong but actually prove highly vulnerable to persuasive attacks, because the believer is unpracticed in defending them. To stimulate the person to develop his defenses and acquire resistance to persuasion, it is necessary to threaten him, rather than further reassure him, about the validity of his belief. It was found, as pr…
Anticipatory belief lowering following forewarning of a persuasive attack
Some impending reorientations in social psychology
Ethical issues in psychological research
The yin and yang of progress in social psychology
Trait salience in the spontaneous self-concept
Some Internal Psychological Factors Influencing Consumer Choice
The directive, information-processing aspects of the personality are described in terms of eight successive steps: exposure, perception, comprehension, agreement, retention, retrieval, decision making, and action. Each of these steps is illustrated by recent psychological research. The dynamic, motivational aspect of human personality is described more briefly in terms of 16 basic human motives that have received attention in recent psychological…
Cary F. Baynes
Salience of ethnicity in the spontaneous self-concept as a function of one's ethnic distinctiveness in the social environment
How likely people are to think of themselves in terms of a given personal characteristic is predicted from the distinctiveness postulate that the person, when confronted by a complex stimulus (such as the self), selectively notices and encodes the stimulus in terms of what is most peculiar about it, since these peculiar characteristics are the most informative in distinguishing it from other stimuli. This partial view of the person as an informat…
Effects of household sex composition on the salience of one's gender in the spontaneous self-concept
Bollingen
This lively, intimate, sometimes disrespectful, but always knowledgeable history of the Bollingen Foundation confirms its pervasive influence on American intellectual life. Conceived by Paul and Mary Mellon as a means of publishing in English the collected works of C. G. Jung, the Foundation broadened to encompass scholarship and publication in a remarkable number of fields. Here are wonderful portraits of the central figures, including the Mello…
The vicissitudes of attitudes and similar representational constructs in twentieth century psychology
‘Attitudes’ has been the central concept of social psychology in three different periods, over which the interest evolved to three progressively more sophisticated topics. The first of these three peakings was the 1920s and 1930s preoccupation with the static topics of attitude scaling and relation to behaviour. Then, after a 1935–1955 interlude in which the study of group processes supplanted attitude as the central concern of social psychology,…
Differences in conceptualizing self versus conceptualizing other people as manifested in contrasting verb types used in natural speech
Predicted differences in modes of thinking about self versus thinking about other people, derived from assumptions regarding one's privileged information about the self, were tested by comparing the types of verbs used in free descriptions of self versus the types of verbs used in free descriptions of other people. Three-minute responses to "Tell us about your family" and "Tell us about school" probes were divided into individual subject/verb/qua…
Psychology (34 works) · Social Psychology (26 works) · Cognitive psychology (13 works) · Computer Science (12 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Persuasion (10 works) · Misinformation and Its Impacts (8 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (8 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Cognition (6 works)