Patricia O’campo
Biographic Data
| ID | 96071 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Patricia O’campo |
| GIVEN NAMES | Patricia |
| FAMILY NAME | O’campo |
| SIGNATURE | O’CAMPO P |
| AFFILIATIONS | St. Michael's Hospital |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4549-7324 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 208 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1288 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 207 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 19 |
Can pharmacare reduce suicide-related behaviors? A quasi-experimental study in Ontario youth
BACKGROUND: Canada's Ontario Health Insurance Plan Plus (OHIP+), implemented in 2018, provided universal prescription drug coverage to youth under 25. Because youth face elevated risks of suicide-related behaviors (SRBs) and frequently encounter cost-related barriers to accessing mental health medications, this study evaluated whether OHIP + impacted emergency department (ED) visits for SRBs among Ontario youth. METHODS: We used linked data from …
Experiences of housing interventions among survivors of intimate partner violence
Experiences of homelessness and intimate partner violence (IPV) frequently intersect for women, yet evidence-based interventions that address both issues simultaneously remain limited. This study (a) systematically reviewed and meta-synthesized qualitative research exploring women's experiences with housing interventions for survivors of IPV and (b) integrated findings with a recent systematic review of quantitative evaluations. We conducted a co…
Long-term public healthcare burden associated with intimate partner violence among Canadian women
Perceptions of cervical screening uptake amongst South Asian women in Ontario, Canada
As Ontario and many other jurisdictions around the world seek to strengthen cervical screening efforts in line with national and international goals to eliminate cervical cancer by 2040, it is critical to address underscreening. This CM study recognizes the value of engaging those most impacted by an issue, to identify and prioritize how and where to intervene to address low rates of cervical screening. To address underscreening we need to design…
Assessing health equity inconsistencies in the World Health Organization’s Urban Heart initiative
This study presents disconnects between WHO's intentions and actions that followed from Urban HEART. Moving forward, it would be important to discuss goals or approaches sought, prior to any global health initiatives, whether explicitly focused on health equity or not
Non-Physical Intimate Partner Violence and Long-Term Public Healthcare Costs in a Representative Sample of Canadian Women
This study investigated the impact of non-physical intimate partner violence (IPV), including emotional and verbal abuse, and coercive/controlling behaviors, on Ontario Health Insurance Plan costs, the universal healthcare provider in the province of Ontario, Canada. Women exposed to non-physical IPV alone had 17% higher healthcare costs over 10 years compared to those not exposed, translating to CA$686 million in additional annual costs, challen…
Gendered Experiences of Ontological Insecurity Among Women Who Use Drugs and Experience Housing Insecurity
Introduction: Research has established that experiences of substance use and housing insecurity leads to violence, alienation, and health deterioration for women. However, no literature has assessed how the gendered nature of substance use and housing insecurity influence the ontological insecurity of women. This paper examines the relationship between ontological insecurity, substance use, and housing insecurity for women. We provide considerati…
Exploring Indigenous Health and Employment
Covid-19 isolation and recovery sites evaluation
Precarious employment in self-employment
Effect of a housing intervention on major cardiovascular events among homeless adults with mental illness
Homelessness is associated with excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study reports on the long-term effects of a Canadian housing first initiative, compared to treatment as usual, on major cardiovascular events among adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness. Over the 7-year follow-up period, 34 of 527 participants (6.5%) experienced at least one cardiovascular event. There was no significant difference in the incidence o…
Precarious work on the rise
Precarious employment (PE) is non-standard employment with uncertain and unstable contract duration, low wages, and limited labour protections and rights. Research has associated PE with workers' poor mental health and well-being; however, this association has been studied primarily using quantitative methods. This qualitative study seeks to examine the mechanisms between PE and mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Ca…
Emergency Knowledge Translation, Covid-19 and indoor air
When presented with brief access to expert support and tailored plain language guidance, people working in community spaces increased their use of ventilation and filtration strategies for COVID-19 infection prevention and control
Supporting Women Exit Sex Work
This rigorous theory-based evaluation provides much needed evidence on the process and effectiveness of an integrated sex work exiting program. Findings regarding key program ingredients can inform other interventions serving similarly marginalized populations
Females and Housing First
The main objective of this research was to qualitatively examine the impacts of Housing First (HF) specifically on those participants who identified themselves as female in response to question asking what their gender was. The data analyzed are from a larger, muti‐site, randomized controlled trial. χ 2 analysis was used to compare the life changes (coded as positive, neutral, or negative) experienced by 64 females (42 HF and 22 TAU). An in‐depth…
The mental health of staff at violence against women organizations during the Covid-19 pandemic
VAW organizations require increased resources and flexible funding to hire and retain more staff to respond to higher and more complex caseloads during public health emergencies. With more structural supports in place, VAW organizations could create more time and space to develop their trauma-informed organizational practices: for example, establishing a culture of connection and learning among staff virtually and in-person and facilitating a ran…
Does receipt of social housing impact mental health? Results of a quasi-experimental study in the Greater Toronto Area
Structural violence and the uncertainty of viral undetectability for African, Caribbean and Black people living with HIV in Canada
Biomedical advances in healthcare and antiretroviral treatment or therapy (ART) have transformed HIV/AIDS from a death sentence to a manageable chronic disease. Studies demonstrate that people living with HIV who adhere to antiretroviral therapy can achieve viral suppression or undetectability, which is fundamental for optimizing health outcomes, decreasing HIV-related mortality and morbidity, and preventing HIV transmission. African, Caribbean, …
Systematically omitting indoor air quality
Public Health Ontario (PHO) is mandated by legislation to share scientific advice during infectious disease outbreaks and help reduce health inequities in Ontario, Canada. PHO was founded in part to address the failures of Ontario's public health system during the 2003 outbreak of SARS-CoV-1, which included the failure to address airborne transmission. By January 2021, public health authorities had access to a body of literature suggesting SARS-C…
Equity Promoting Integrated Care
Over the last three decades, integrated care has emerged as an important health system strategy to improve population health while addressing the unique needs of structurally marginalised communities. However, less attention has been given to the role of integrated care in addressing issues related to inequities in health and health care. In this commentary we introduce the concept of Equity Promoting Integrated Care (EPIC) that situates integrat…
Health Equity Cannot Be Sought Without the Consideration of Racism In Equity-Focused Urban Health Initiatives
Experiences of insecurity among non-standard workers across different welfare states
Unmasking legislative constraints
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic significantly impacts African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) immigrants in Canada. Health scholarship has revealed striking injustices within Canada’s public healthcare system that restrict access to healthcare and violate the human rights of ACB immigrants living with HIV who are marginalized. We conducted an institutional ethnography to comprehensively understand how HIV healthcare in Ontario is orga…
Opportunity Costs
Non-Standard Employment and Unemployment during the Covid-19 Crisis
The COVID-19 crisis is a global event that has created and amplified social inequalities, including an already existing and steadily increasing problem of employment and income insecurity and erosion of workplace rights, affecting workers globally. The aim of this exploratory study was to review employment-related determinants of health and health protection during the pandemic, or more specifically, to examine several links between non-standard …
When being alone might be better
The Development of a Standardized Neighborhood Deprivation Index
Neighborhood risk factors for low birthweight in Baltimore
OBJECTIVES: Past research on low birthweight has focused on individual-level risk factors. We sought to assess the contribution of macrolevel social factors by using census tract-level data on social stratification, community empowerment, and environmental stressors. METHODS: Census tract-level information on social risk was linked to birth certificate records from Baltimore, Md, for the period 1985 through 1989. Individual level factors included…
Experiences of Racism Among African American Parents and the Mental Health of Their Preschool-Aged Children
Experiences of and responses to racism among African American parents have important effects on the well-being of their young children
Violence by male partners against women during the childbearing year
OBJECTIVES. Many contextual analyses that bridge the micro-level-macro-level gap in identifying risk factors for adverse outcomes have not used methods appropriate for multilevel data. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the application of appropriate multi-level analytic methods and discuss their implications for public health. METHODS. A previously published individual-level model of physical violence perpetrated by male partners during …
Politics, welfare regimes, and population health
In recent years, a research area has emerged within social determinants of health that examines the role of politics, expressed as political traditions/parties and welfare state characteristics, on population health. To better understand and synthesise this growing body of evidence, the present literature review, informed by a political economy of health and welfare regimes framework, located 73 empirical and comparative studies on politics and h…
Interpersonal conflict and physical violence during the childbearing year
Reducing physical abuse directed at women by male partners is one of the nation's Year 2000 health objectives. An important target group for achieving this health objective is pregnant women. The present study examines the frequency, severity, perpetrators and psychosocial correlates of violence during the childbearing year. A panel of 275 women were interviewed 3 times during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. Moderate or severe violence was …
Community level effects of gender inequality on intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy in Colombia
Revisiting the immigrant paradox in reproductive health
Is precarious employment more damaging to women's health than men's
The Neighbourhood Effects on Health and Well-being (Nehw) study
Many cross-sectional studies of neighbourhood effects on health do not employ strong study design elements. The Neighbourhood Effects on Health and Well-being (NEHW) study, a random sample of 2412 English-speaking Toronto residents (age 25-64), utilises strong design features for sampling neighbourhoods and individuals, characterising neighbourhoods using a variety of data sources, measuring a wide range of health outcomes, and for analysing cros…
Neighbourhoods and mental well-being
Quality of life among women living with HIV
An Introduction to Concept Mapping as a Participatory Public Health Research Method
In this article, the authors introduce concept mapping as a useful participatory research method for public health researchers interested in generating hypotheses and developing theory. The authors first provide an overview of concept mapping, which combines qualitative approaches with quantitative analytical tools to produce visual displays of the relationship between ideas. Then, they present an illustrative research application of the method t…
A critical appraisal of the demand/control model of the psychosocial work environment
Neighborhood effects on birthweight
Pathways connecting neighborhood influences and mental well-being
Socioeconomic domains and associations with preterm birth
Labor market experience, work organization, gender inequalities and health status
Psychosocial work environment in human service organizations
This paper concerns two models that were introduced in two different research domains during the 1970's. The first model regards human service organizations (HSO) as a specific type of organization. The second model, the demand-control model (DC model), concerns the joint effects of job demands and job control on worker health. In the HSO model, there are analyses of the content of jobs, considering the specific characteristics of HSOs, but littl…
Unmet health needs and discrimination by healthcare providers among an Indigenous population in Toronto, Canada
This analysis provides new evidence linking discrimination in healthcare settings to disparities in healthcare access among urban Indigenous people, reinforcing existing recommendations regarding Indigenous cultural safety training for healthcare providers. Our study further demonstrates Our Health Counts methodologies, which employ robust community partnerships and RDS to address gaps in health information for urban Indigenous populations
Community-Based Services for Homeless Adults Experiencing Concurrent Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders
Research Done in “A Good Way”
Objectives. We examined the role that Indigenous Elders can play in ensuring that community-based research (CBR) is conducted ethically. Methods. We present data from a larger qualitative study exploring ethical issues that occur in HIV-related CBR through the experiences of researchers engaged in CBR. Between May 2010 and July 2011, we interviewed 51 academic and community research team leaders of federally funded HIV CBR studies. We used themat…
Does organization matter? A multilevel analysis of the demand-control model applied to human services
The demand-control model (DC model) in occupational epidemiology suggests that health, an individual attribute, is partly determined by work organization, via the interplay of demand and control, job strain. The objective of this study was empirical assessment of the model's tenet of an organizational determination of individual health. An emerging analytic method, multi-level modelling, permits such an assessment. The study encompasses two large…
The Effect of Residential Neighborhood on Child Behavior Problems in First Grade
Child behavior problems have been identified as being responsible for the greatest reduction in quality of life for children between ages 1 and 19. In this study, we examine whether neighborhood social processes are associated with differences in child behavior problems in an economically and racially diverse sample of 405 urban‐dwelling first grade children and whether parenting behavior mediates and/or moderates the effects of neighborhoods. Fu…
Pregnant women's knowledge of the human immunodeficiency virus
Reproductive preferences of pregnant women under shifting probabilities of vertical HIV transmission
A critical appraisal of the demand/control model of the psychosocial work environment
Verbal abuse and physical violence among a cohort of low-income pregnant women
Interpersonal conflict and physical violence during the childbearing year
Reducing physical abuse directed at women by male partners is one of the nation's Year 2000 health objectives. An important target group for achieving this health objective is pregnant women. The present study examines the frequency, severity, perpetrators and psychosocial correlates of violence during the childbearing year. A panel of 275 women were interviewed 3 times during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. Moderate or severe violence was …
Violence by male partners against women during the childbearing year
OBJECTIVES. Many contextual analyses that bridge the micro-level-macro-level gap in identifying risk factors for adverse outcomes have not used methods appropriate for multilevel data. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the application of appropriate multi-level analytic methods and discuss their implications for public health. METHODS. A previously published individual-level model of physical violence perpetrated by male partners during …
Psychosocial work environment in human service organizations
This paper concerns two models that were introduced in two different research domains during the 1970's. The first model regards human service organizations (HSO) as a specific type of organization. The second model, the demand-control model (DC model), concerns the joint effects of job demands and job control on worker health. In the HSO model, there are analyses of the content of jobs, considering the specific characteristics of HSOs, but littl…
Women's Disclosure of HIV Status
Women represent an increasing proportion of AIDS cases and anecdotal reports suggest some face substantial risks when others learn they are HIV-positive. The purpose of this paper is to describe women's fears and experiences regarding disclosure of their HIV status. Fifty HIV-positive women, ages 16-45 from urban teaching hospital outpatient clinics, were interviewed using an in-depth, qualitative interview. Eighty-six percent of the women were A…
Evaluation of an HIV/Aids education program in an urban prenatal clinic
Neighborhood risk factors for low birthweight in Baltimore
OBJECTIVES: Past research on low birthweight has focused on individual-level risk factors. We sought to assess the contribution of macrolevel social factors by using census tract-level data on social stratification, community empowerment, and environmental stressors. METHODS: Census tract-level information on social risk was linked to birth certificate records from Baltimore, Md, for the period 1985 through 1989. Individual level factors included…
Does organization matter? A multilevel analysis of the demand-control model applied to human services
The demand-control model (DC model) in occupational epidemiology suggests that health, an individual attribute, is partly determined by work organization, via the interplay of demand and control, job strain. The objective of this study was empirical assessment of the model's tenet of an organizational determination of individual health. An emerging analytic method, multi-level modelling, permits such an assessment. The study encompasses two large…
Decrease in infant mortality in New York City after 1989
OBJECTIVES: This study identified factors contributing to the rapid decline in infant mortality in New York City from 1989 to 1992. METHODS: Changes in birthweight distributions and in birthweight/age-, cause-, and birthweight/age/cause-specific mortality rates from 1988/89 (before the mortality reduction) to 1990/91 were identified from New York City vital statistics data. RESULTS: Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality of very-low-birthwe…
Annual and lifetime prevalence of partner abuse in a sample of female HMO enrollees
Neighborhoods, families, and children
Recent global and national trends have put a growing number of families and children living in the United States at risk for adverse health and developmental outcomes. Policies and programs designed to address these problems have too often focused on the characteristics of individuals as the root cause and have failed to address significantly core problems. The research reported here suggests that researchers, program planners, and policy makers …
PSOC in community context
Recent years have seen a steady increase in attention to communities as a source of both risk and protective factors for various individual outcomes. Psychological sense of community (PSOC) is one concept which can be important in describing the ways in which real and perceived aspects of community might mediate both individual and community outcomes. To understand the setting-specific interaction of individual and community, it is necessary to e…
Innovative methods for monitoring perinatal health outcomes in cities and in smaller geographic areas
OBJECTIVES: Monitoring health in small localities such as cities or local communities is important, because rates of adverse outcomes often vary widely by geographic area. This article explores the utility of CUSUM (cumulative summation), a method developed and refined in industry, for monitoring health outcomes in cities and smaller geographic areas. METHODS: CUSUM monitoring methods were applied to rates of late or no prenatal care initiation a…
Women's Lives After an HIV-Positive Diagnosis
Measuring health related quality of life among women living with HIV
Injury-producing events among children in low-income communities
Women living with HIV
A brief observational measure for urban neighborhoods
The Process of Ending Abuse in Intimate Relationships
This article explores the suggestion that the transtheoretical model of behavior change is a promising conceptual framework for understanding how women end abuse in their intimate relationships. In-depth interviews were conducted with 78 women who were either currently in or had recently left abusive relationships. These results suggest that the model is consistent with how women describe surviving their abusive situations, and they have implicat…
Perceptions of Parenting
Neighborhood norms are an important determinant of beliefs and attitudes about parenting, and measuring changes in community norms is an important component of evaluating community‐based programs for improving child outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a survey of community residents' perceptions of parenting could be used to measure community parenting norms and whether these perceptions differed by individual or c…
Quality of life among women living with HIV
Intimate Partner Violence and Physical Health Consequences
BACKGROUND: Domestic violence results in long-term and immediate health problems. This study compared selected physical health problems of abused and never abused women with similar access to health care. METHODS: A case-control study of enrollees in a multisite metropolitan health maintenance organization sampled 2535 women enrollees aged 21 to 55 years who responded to an invitation to participate; 447 (18%) could not be contacted, 7 (0.3%) wer…
Medicine (172 works) · Psychology (114 works) · Environmental health (94 works) · Sociology (92 works) · Psychiatry (73 works) · Public health (68 works) · Population (64 works) · Political science (63 works) · Poison control (62 works) · Demography (60 works)