Joel W Grube
Biographic Data
| ID | 99335 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Joel W Grube |
| GIVEN NAMES | Joel W |
| FAMILY NAME | Grube |
| SIGNATURE | GRUBE J W |
| AFFILIATIONS | Pacific Institute For Research and Evaluation |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1099-8743 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 51 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 187 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 51 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Differentiating the Contribution of Context-Specific Social Influences on Underage Youth’s Alcohol Consumption
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We examined associations between sources of social influence (i.e. close friends, other underage people present) within specific settings with the number of drinks underage youth consumed. METHODS: Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey with 422 underage youth in California (14 to 19 years old) who reported past-6-month alcohol use. Participants were asked to think about the last time they drank alcohol in…
Discriminatory Harassment and Marijuana Use Among Adolescents in Oregon Counties that Vary in Retail Availability of Marijuana
OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether experiences of overall, race, appearance, and sexual minority discriminatory harassment were associated with adolescents' marijuana use and whether retail availability of legal recreational marijuana in Oregon counties moderated these associations. METHODS: = 61,703) who did and did not experience discriminatory harassment and who lived in counties with different levels of marijuana retail availability (low, me…
Opportunities for Use
Opportunities for alcohol and cannabis use among youth
This study provides support for the validity and internal reliability of novel exposure to substance use opportunities measures. Measures for exposure to opportunities for alcohol and cannabis use and SAM will be useful for research on the etiology and prevention of the substance use behaviors and related problems among youth
Investigating the implementation of a novel approach to alcohol screening and brief intervention in Mexico
Introduction: Low- and middle-income countries bear disproportionate burdens from excessive alcohol consumption, yet have fewer resources to identify and intervene with risky drinkers. Low-cost screening and brief intervention (SBI) models offer a tool for addressing this health problem and reducing disparities. Methods: In this mixed-methods study, trained pseudo-patients visited health clinics in Zacatecas, Mexico, where a novel SBI model was u…
Did the association between alcohol outlet density and crime change during Covid shelter‐in‐place orders
Screening and brief intervention for alcohol use disorder risk in three middle-income countries
Although the prevalence of SBI among drinkers at risk for AUD in Brazil, China, and South Africa appears to be low, it is encouraging that these drinkers were more likely to receive SBI
Socio-temporal contextual and community factors associated with daily exclusive ENDS use and dual use with tobacco cigarettes among adolescent vapers
Results showed that exposure to peers and adults vaping and exposure to ENDS marketing were associated with same day dual use behaviors. And, that adolescents who dual used were motivated to use ENDS because they were easy to conceal. Findings support stricter regulation of ENDS marketing and for smoke-free air laws that include ENDS. In addition, these findings support prioritizing family- and school-based prevention programming that effectively…
Retail Availability of Recreational Marijuana and Alcohol in Oregon Counties and Co-Use of Alcohol and Marijuana and Related Beliefs among Adolescents
Objective: We investigated whether recreational marijuana legalization (RML) in Oregon in 2015 and recreational marijuana and alcohol retail outlet density levels in Oregon counties were associated with increased alcohol and marijuana co-use and beliefs supportive of alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents. Method: We conducted secondary analyses of biennial data collected from 11th graders who participated in the Student Wellness Survey (SWS…
A Comparison of Chinese Adults Who Consume Homemade versus Commercial Alcohol
Background Little is known about adults in China who drink homemade alcohol, and whether they are at elevated risk of harms relative to those who drink alcohol from commercial sources. Purpose: We describe and contrast adults in China who regularly consume either homemade or commercially available alcohol, or both. Methods: Household-based in-person interviews were conducted in 2018 with adults in Jiangshan and Lanxi. We examined the characterist…
The Contribution of Alcohol Beverage Types to Consumption, Heavy Drinking, and Alcohol-Related Harms
BACKGROUND: This study examined the relative contribution of alcoholic beverage types to overall alcohol consumption and associations with heavy alcohol use and alcohol-related harms among adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey data were collected from adult samples in two cities involved in the Global Smart Drinking Goals (GSDG) initiative in each of five countries (Belgium, Brazil, China, South Africa, United States). Survey measures included …
A Group Randomized Trial of the Stop Service to Obviously-Impaired Patrons (S-STOP) Program to Prevent Overservice in Bars and Restaurants in College Communities
BACKGROUND: College student drinking in on-premises establishments has been associated with heavy alcohol consumption and a range of problems including assault, fighting, risky sex, and drinking and driving. Although more strictly enforcing overservice laws might reduce heavy drinking in on-premises establishments, law enforcement agencies have few resource-efficient tools for doing so, resulting in these laws seldom being enforced. OBJECTIVES: I…
California’s tobacco 21 minimum sales age law and adolescents’ tobacco and nicotine use
Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the complex associations that T21 and other tobacco control policies have with the use of different tobacco and nicotine products among racial and ethnic groups. Future research should investigate mechanisms underlying these differences to inform tobacco control efforts
Compliance with a law to reduce alcoholic beverage sales and service in Zacatecas, Mexico
Practices Surrounding Pain Management Among American Indians and Alaska Natives in Rural Southern California
OBJECTIVES: This exploratory study examined pain management practices among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the service area of a rural tribal clinic in Southern California. METHODS: Researchers invited 325 individuals to complete an anonymous survey in clinic waiting rooms and tribal gatherings. Analyses of the 295 eligible responses included calculating frequencies and conducting multiple logistic regressions and a Mantel-Haenszel analys…
Prevention of Underage Drinking on California Indian Reservations Using Individual- and Community-Level Approaches
Objectives. To evaluate combined individual- and community-level interventions to reduce underage drinking by American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youths on rural California Indian reservations. Methods. Individual-level interventions included brief motivational interviewing and psychoeducation for Tribal youths. Community-level interventions included community mobilization and awareness activities, as well as restricting alcohol sales to minors…
Medical Marijuana Legalization and Marijuana Use Among Youth in Oregon
Substance Use and the Media
This chapter reviews the research relating to substance use portrayals and marketing in media. Research suggests that alcohol and tobacco marketing through traditional advertising, but also through product placements in film and television and other new forms of promotion, are prevalent. Youth may be especially exposed to these marketing efforts. New interactive electronic media, including social media, mobile phones, and games are increasingly i…
Drinking Among Native American and White Youths
This study examined whether differences in the perceived neighborhood and school environments account for differences in drinking behavior among Native American and White youths. Findings indicate that being Native American was indirectly related to drinking through perceived school and community variables. Higher drinking rates among Native Americans appear to be accounted for by lower school involvement, weaker neighborhood antidrug norms, grea…
Youth activity spaces and daily exposure to tobacco outlets
Television's Cultivation of American Adolescents' Beliefs about Alcohol and the Moderating Role of Trait Reactance
Cultivation research has shown that heavy television viewing is linked to audiences' generalized, and often skewed, views of reality. This research investigates whether television viewing is related to adolescents' views about the consequences of drinking and whether psychological trait reactance moderates this cultivation effect. Results from a survey of 445 American teenagers show that cumulative exposure to television is linked to reduced beli…
Teen Parties
Community-Level Adult Daily Smoking Prevalence Moderates the Association Between Adolescents’ Cigarette Smoking and Perceived Smoking by Friends
Rating the Effectiveness of Local Tobacco Policies for Reducing Youth Smoking
Reducing Youth Access to Alcohol
Underage drinking continues to be an important public health problem and a challenge to the substance abuse prevention field. Community‐based interventions designed to more rigorously control underage access to alcohol through retailer education and greater enforcement of underage drinking laws have been advocated as potentially effective strategies to help address this problem, but studies designed to evaluate such interventions are sparse. To a…
Television beer advertising and drinking knowledge, beliefs, and intentions among schoolchildren
OBJECTIVES. The relationships between television beer advertising and drinking knowledge, beliefs, and intentions were investigated in a survey of schoolchildren. The research was guided by a theoretical model specifying that awareness of advertising, and not mere exposure, is necessary for it to have an effect on beliefs or behaviors. METHODS. Participants were a random sample of 468 fifth- and sixth-grade schoolchildren from a northern Californ…
Roots
Questions about who watched “Roots: The Next Generation,” and with what effect, were addressed through pre- and posttest surveys of two eastern Washington cities. Evidence was obtained suggesting selectivity in the viewership of Roots II: Multivariate analysis revealed that a general dimension of egalitarianism distinguished Roots II viewers from nonviewers, even when various personal and demographic variables were controlled. However, tests for …
The Effect of Restricting Opening Hours on Alcohol-Related Violence
Objective. We investigated whether limiting the hours of alcoholic beverage sales in bars had an effect on homicides and violence against women in the Brazilian city of Diadema. The policy to restrict alcohol sales was introduced in July 2002 and prohibited on-premises alcohol sales after 11 pm. Methods. We analyzed data on homicides (1995 to 2005) and violence against women (2000 to 2005) from the Diadema (population 360 000) police archives usi…
Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Content on Television
Two annual content analyses of programming from the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 television seasons (n = 1,276 and 1,439 programs, respectively) were conducted to assess the presence of behaviors and verbal messages related to the sexuality of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals. Sexual content associated with nonheterosexuals was found in about 15% of programs overall; however, rates of occurrence within episodes were low. Of 14 genres, only movies and var…
Development of Sexual Expectancies among Adolescents
To expand the scant research on sexual expectancies development among non-sexually active adolescents, we examined the relationship between adolescents' exposure to four socializing agents--mother/female guardian, father/male guardian, peers, and television programs with high sexual content--and their endorsement of four sexual expectancies: social benefit, pleasure, social risk, and health risk. Data are from Waves 2 and 3 of a three-wave annual…
Parenting Practices and Adolescent Sexual Behavior
The effects of parental attitudes, practices, and television mediation on adolescent sexual behaviors were investigated in a study of adolescent sexuality and media (N = 887). Confirmatory factor analyses supported an eight-factor parenting model with television mediation factors as constructs distinct from general parenting practices. Logistic regressions indicated that adolescents reporting greater parental disapproval and limits on viewing at …
A comparison of ranking and rating procedures for value system measurement
Compared the validity and reliability of 2 value measurement techniques. 296 Ss (161 females and 135 males) in introductory psychology filled out the 2 measurement techniques and an attitude survey. The Rokeach Value Survey instructed Ss to separately rank 2 sets of 18 values in order of importance. A rating version of the Value Survey instructed S s to rate the same 36 values from 1 to 99. 236 S returned 6 weeks later and again filled out both m…
Correlates of Oral Sex and Vaginal Intercourse in Early and Middle Adolescence
This study examined whether a comprehensive set of psychosocial factors was equally predictive of both adolescent vaginal intercourse and oral sex among 1,105 adolescents aged 12-16. Logistic regressions were used to examine the relationships between parental communication, religiosity, bonding to school, heavy drinking, sex expectancies, normative beliefs, and both oral sex and vaginal intercourse. Age, gender, bonding to school, heavy drinking,…
The frequency and nature of alcohol and tobacco advertising in televised sports, 1990 through 1992
This study examines the frequency and nature of alcohol and tobacco advertising in a random sample of 166 televised sports events representing 443.7 hours of network programming broadcast from fall 1990 through summer 1992. More commercials appear for alcohol products than for any other beverage. Beer commercials predominate and include images at odds with recommendations from former Surgeon General Koop. The audience is also exposed to alcohol a…
Inducing Change in Values, Attitudes, and Behaviors
This paper summarizes some of the major principles of belief system theory and describes the method of value self‐confrontation. An example of how value self‐confrontation can be used to modify environmental values is provided. The research on value self‐confrontation is reviewed and critically evaluated. Although there is support for belief system theory and for the efficacy of value self‐confrontation as a means of inducing long‐term change in …
The Roles of Mothers’ Neighborhood Perceptions and Specific Monitoring Strategies in Youths’ Problem Behavior
Youth activity spaces and daily exposure to tobacco outlets
Alcohol Advertising and Youth
In an effort to ascertain how youths interpret, understand and respond to the themes and images portrayed in television alcohol advertisements, focus-group discussions were conducted with students ages 9–15 in a Northern California community. These discussions revealed that students like lifestyle and image-oriented elements of television beer commercials that are delivered with humor and youth-oriented music and/or characters. Conversely, they d…
Adolescent Drinking and Alcohol Policy
Policy approaches to prevention have considerable promise for addressing underage drinking and its associated problems. Based on the available evidence, the most effective policies appear to be (a) taxation or price increases, (b) increases in the minimum drinking age, and (c) graduated licensing or zero tolerance. Random breath testing and sobriety checkpoints also appear promising, although there is little evidence for their effectiveness speci…
Reducing Youth Access to Alcohol
Underage drinking continues to be an important public health problem and a challenge to the substance abuse prevention field. Community‐based interventions designed to more rigorously control underage access to alcohol through retailer education and greater enforcement of underage drinking laws have been advocated as potentially effective strategies to help address this problem, but studies designed to evaluate such interventions are sparse. To a…
Behavior change following self-confrontation
This study presents a reanalysis of data from Rokeach's self-confrontation experiments using path analytic techniques. Contrary to Rokeach's interpretations, findings indicate that behavior changes following self-confrontation are not primarily mediated through changes in value priorities. Rather, the available data suggest that the self-confrontation process involves the resolution of inconsistencies between behaviors and self-conceptions that a…
Prevention of Underage Drinking on California Indian Reservations Using Individual- and Community-Level Approaches
Objectives. To evaluate combined individual- and community-level interventions to reduce underage drinking by American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youths on rural California Indian reservations. Methods. Individual-level interventions included brief motivational interviewing and psychoeducation for Tribal youths. Community-level interventions included community mobilization and awareness activities, as well as restricting alcohol sales to minors…
Attitude-Social Support Interactions
Joel W. Grube, Mark Morgan, Attitude-Social Support Interactions: Contingent Consistency Effects in the Prediction of Adolescent Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 53, No. 4 (Dec., 1990), pp. 329-339
Behavior change following self-confrontation
This study presents a reanalysis of data from Rokeach's self-confrontation experiments using path analytic techniques. Contrary to Rokeach's interpretations, findings indicate that behavior changes following self-confrontation are not primarily mediated through changes in value priorities. Rather, the available data suggest that the self-confrontation process involves the resolution of inconsistencies between behaviors and self-conceptions that a…
A comparison of ranking and rating procedures for value system measurement
Compared the validity and reliability of 2 value measurement techniques. 296 Ss (161 females and 135 males) in introductory psychology filled out the 2 measurement techniques and an attitude survey. The Rokeach Value Survey instructed Ss to separately rank 2 sets of 18 values in order of importance. A rating version of the Value Survey instructed S s to rate the same 36 values from 1 to 99. 236 S returned 6 weeks later and again filled out both m…
Roots
Questions about who watched “Roots: The Next Generation,” and with what effect, were addressed through pre- and posttest surveys of two eastern Washington cities. Evidence was obtained suggesting selectivity in the viewership of Roots II: Multivariate analysis revealed that a general dimension of egalitarianism distinguished Roots II viewers from nonviewers, even when various personal and demographic variables were controlled. However, tests for …
A Countervalence in the Great Television Effects Debates
Attitude-Social Support Interactions
Joel W. Grube, Mark Morgan, Attitude-Social Support Interactions: Contingent Consistency Effects in the Prediction of Adolescent Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 53, No. 4 (Dec., 1990), pp. 329-339
The frequency and nature of alcohol and tobacco advertising in televised sports, 1990 through 1992
This study examines the frequency and nature of alcohol and tobacco advertising in a random sample of 166 televised sports events representing 443.7 hours of network programming broadcast from fall 1990 through summer 1992. More commercials appear for alcohol products than for any other beverage. Beer commercials predominate and include images at odds with recommendations from former Surgeon General Koop. The audience is also exposed to alcohol a…
Television beer advertising and drinking knowledge, beliefs, and intentions among schoolchildren
OBJECTIVES. The relationships between television beer advertising and drinking knowledge, beliefs, and intentions were investigated in a survey of schoolchildren. The research was guided by a theoretical model specifying that awareness of advertising, and not mere exposure, is necessary for it to have an effect on beliefs or behaviors. METHODS. Participants were a random sample of 468 fifth- and sixth-grade schoolchildren from a northern Californ…
Inducing Change in Values, Attitudes, and Behaviors
This paper summarizes some of the major principles of belief system theory and describes the method of value self‐confrontation. An example of how value self‐confrontation can be used to modify environmental values is provided. The research on value self‐confrontation is reviewed and critically evaluated. Although there is support for belief system theory and for the efficacy of value self‐confrontation as a means of inducing long‐term change in …
Black identity and drinking in the US
Black identity and drinking in the US
The relationship between ethnic identity and drinking patterns was explored in 1947 black adults from a nation-wide study of drinking behavior. Factor analysis revealed that a multi-dimensional construct which included four factors-media preferences, socio-political awareness, endogamy and social networks-was necessary to operationalize and measure the concept of ethnic identity. Using structural equation modeling, a model was tested which analyz…
Adolescent Drinking and Alcohol Policy
Policy approaches to prevention have considerable promise for addressing underage drinking and its associated problems. Based on the available evidence, the most effective policies appear to be (a) taxation or price increases, (b) increases in the minimum drinking age, and (c) graduated licensing or zero tolerance. Random breath testing and sobriety checkpoints also appear promising, although there is little evidence for their effectiveness speci…
Alcohol Advertising and Youth
In an effort to ascertain how youths interpret, understand and respond to the themes and images portrayed in television alcohol advertisements, focus-group discussions were conducted with students ages 9–15 in a Northern California community. These discussions revealed that students like lifestyle and image-oriented elements of television beer commercials that are delivered with humor and youth-oriented music and/or characters. Conversely, they d…
Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity
From a public health perspective, alcohol is no ordinary consumer product. On a global level, it is a major contributor to disease, disability, and premature mortality. It also has an adverse impact on many aspects of social life. Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity – Research and Public Policy describes recent advances in alcohol research that have direct relevance for the development of effective alcohol policies at the local, national and internati…
Mixed messages
This qualitative study focused on the discrepancies in messages concerning alcohol use presented by adults to young people. The purpose was to investigate how these discrepancies might impact adolescents’ drinking, and drinking and driving behavior. The data consisted of semi-structured interviews with 44 adolescents who in a previous survey had admitted having been involved in drinking and driving, riding with a drunk driver, or both. The analys…
Correlates of Oral Sex and Vaginal Intercourse in Early and Middle Adolescence
This study examined whether a comprehensive set of psychosocial factors was equally predictive of both adolescent vaginal intercourse and oral sex among 1,105 adolescents aged 12-16. Logistic regressions were used to examine the relationships between parental communication, religiosity, bonding to school, heavy drinking, sex expectancies, normative beliefs, and both oral sex and vaginal intercourse. Age, gender, bonding to school, heavy drinking,…
The Effect of Restricting Opening Hours on Alcohol-Related Violence
Objective. We investigated whether limiting the hours of alcoholic beverage sales in bars had an effect on homicides and violence against women in the Brazilian city of Diadema. The policy to restrict alcohol sales was introduced in July 2002 and prohibited on-premises alcohol sales after 11 pm. Methods. We analyzed data on homicides (1995 to 2005) and violence against women (2000 to 2005) from the Diadema (population 360 000) police archives usi…
Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Content on Television
Two annual content analyses of programming from the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 television seasons (n = 1,276 and 1,439 programs, respectively) were conducted to assess the presence of behaviors and verbal messages related to the sexuality of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals. Sexual content associated with nonheterosexuals was found in about 15% of programs overall; however, rates of occurrence within episodes were low. Of 14 genres, only movies and var…
Parenting Practices and Adolescent Sexual Behavior
The effects of parental attitudes, practices, and television mediation on adolescent sexual behaviors were investigated in a study of adolescent sexuality and media (N = 887). Confirmatory factor analyses supported an eight-factor parenting model with television mediation factors as constructs distinct from general parenting practices. Logistic regressions indicated that adolescents reporting greater parental disapproval and limits on viewing at …
Using Statewide Youth Surveys to Evaluate Local Drug Use Policies and Interventions
This article summarizes two studies that use statewide school-based youth surveys to evaluate local initiatives to reduce alcohol and other substance abuse. The Vermont New Directions evaluation was conducted to assess the effects of a community-based intervention in 23 Vermont communities to reduce youth substance use. Outcome data were obtained from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which is administered to students in grades 8 through 12 every o…
Alcohol
Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity - Research and Public Policy Second Edition is a collaborative effort by an international group of addiction scientists to improve the linkages between addiction science and alcohol policy. It presents the accumulated scientific knowledge on alcohol research that has a direct relevance to the development of alcohol policy on local, national, and international levels. It provides an objective analytical basis on whic…
Television Use, Sexual Behavior, and Relationship Status at Last Oral Sex and Vaginal Intercourse
The Role of Beliefs in Sexual Behavior of Adolescents
This paper reports on the development and psychometric properties of the Adolescent Sexual Expectancies Scale (ASEXS). Data were obtained from three annual longitudinal surveys of youth aged 10 - 17 at the first administration ( N = 932 at Wave 3). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that four correlated factors corresponding to Social Risk, Social Benefit, Health Risk, and Pleasure adequately represented the expectancy items. High alpha coeff…
The Roles of Mothers’ Neighborhood Perceptions and Specific Monitoring Strategies in Youths’ Problem Behavior
Contextual and community factors associated with youth access to cigarettes through commercial sources
This study enhances our understanding of the associations between contextual and community characteristics and youth access to tobacco through commercial sources which can help policymakers to identify and target at-risk communities and outlets to decrease youth access to tobacco
How Parents of Adolescents Store and Monitor Alcohol in the Home
Medicine (38 works) · Psychology (38 works) · Environmental health (27 works) · Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes (26 works) · Social Psychology (25 works) · Political science (16 works) · Business (14 works) · Social Psychology (14 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Alcohol (13 works)