Spearman’s g found in 31 non-Western nations
Strong evidence that g is a universal phenomenon
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 10388046 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Russell T Warne (0000-0003-4763-3625, Utah Valley University), Cassidy Burningham (Utah Valley University) |
| Year | 2019 |
| Volume | 145 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 237-272 |
| Publication date | 2019-01-14 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0033-2909 • E-ISSN: 1939-1455 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1037/bul0000184 |
| PMID | 30640496 |
| OpenAlex | W2888029158 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 9 |
| References cited | 45 |
Spearman's g is the name for the shared variance across a set of intercorrelating cognitive tasks. For some-but not all-theorists, g is defined as general intelligence. While g is robustly observed in Western populations, it is questionable whether g is manifested in cognitive data from other cultural groups. To test whether g is a cross-cultural phenomenon, we searched for correlation matrices or data files containing cognitive variables collected from individuals in non-Western, nonindustrialized nations. We subjected these data to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using promax rotation and 2 modern methods of selecting the number of factors. Samples that produced more than 1 factor were then subjected to a second-order EFA using the same procedures and a Schmid-Leiman solution. Across 97 samples from 31 countries totaling 52,340 individuals, we found that a single factor emerged unambiguously from 71 samples (73.2%) and that 23 of the remaining 26 samples (88.5%) produced a single second-order factor. The first factor in the initial EFA explained an average of 45.9% of observed variable variance (SD = 12.9%), which is similar to what is seen in Western samples. One sample that produced multiple second-order factors only did so with 1 method of selecting the number of factors in the initial EFA; the alternate method of selecting the number of factors produced a single higher-order factor. Factor extraction in a higher-order EFA was not possible in 2 samples. These results show that g appears in many cultures and is likely a universal phenomenon in humans. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Cognition · Economics · Exploratory factor analysis · Phenomenon · Physics · Psychometrics · Statistics · Variance (accounting · Cognitive Abilities and Testing · Cognitive Science and Mapping · Mathematics · Psychological Testing and Assessment · Psychology · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 9 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,8 |
| Citation span | 2021 - 2026 (6) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 9 |