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Social distancing and influenza mortality in 1918 did not increase suicide rates in the United States

Bibliographic Data

ID15742610
AuthorsHampton Gaddy (0000-0001-6397-4679, University of Oxford, corresponding author)
Year2021
Volume16
Pages100944-100944
Publication date2021-10-15
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSSM - Population Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2352-8273 • E-ISSN: 2352-8273
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100944
PMID34746358
OpenAlexW3207564821
LanguageEN
Citations received3
References cited33

Recent research has suggested that the social distancing mandates introduced in the United States during the main waves of the 1918-20 influenza pandemic caused an increase in suicide rates. However, that finding relies on poor-quality, temporally mismatched data and has signs of omitted variable bias. Similarly, a long-standing finding that American suicide rates in 1918-20 were also boosted by the influenza mortality of the time has gone unquestioned in the literature, despite the original research admitting its risk of ecological fallacy. Using higher-powered mortality data, I cast doubt on both findings by analyzing the experiences of the pandemic in 43 of the largest American cities of the time. In line with some populations' experiences of COVID-19, I report tentative evidence that social distancing mandates during the 1918-20 pandemic may have been associated with decreased suicide rates. Larger, cross-national investigations of the effects of historical pandemics and social distancing mandates on mental health and suicide are needed

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 · Criminology · Distancing · Environmental health · Fallacy · Influenza pandemic · Mortality rate · Pandemic · Poison control · Psychiatry · Social distance · Social isolation · Sociology · Suicide prevention · Suicide rates · Climate Change and Health Impacts · COVID-19 epidemiological studies · Demography · Health disparities and outcomes · Medicine · Psychology

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    Open Access•Hampton Gaddy, Maria Gargiulo•Demographic Research•2025

  • Did the 1918 influenza pandemic cause a 1920 baby boom? Demographic evidence from neutral Europe

    Open Access•Hampton Gaddy, Mathias Mølbak Ingholt•Population Studies•2024

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Unique citing works3
Citations per year1,5
Citation span2024 - 2025 (2)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 3
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