Roles of scientists as policy advisers on complex issues

A literature review

Bibliographic Data

ID16765988
AuthorsPita Spruijt (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, corresponding author), Anne Knol (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment), Anne B Knol, Eleftheria Vasileiadou (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Jeroen Devilee (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment), Erik Lebret (0000-0003-2602-2155, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment), A C Petersen (0000-0003-0706-5635, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency)
Year2014
Volume40
Pages16-25
Publication date2014-06-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueEnvironmental Science & Policy (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1462-9011 • E-ISSN: 1873-6416
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.envsci.2014.03.002
OpenAlexW2113990483
LanguageEN
Citations received67
References cited76

Policymakers frequently encounter complex issues, and the role of scientists as policy advisers on these issues is not always clearly defined. We present an overview of the interdisciplinary literature on the roles of scientific experts when advising policymakers on complex issues, and in particular on the factors that influence these roles. A structured literature search was combined with literature found in reference lists of peer reviewed papers (the snowball method). In total, 267 publications were analyzed using scientometrics analyses (discipline clustering analysis and co-citation analysis) followed by a qualitative analysis and interpretation. The scientometrics analysis shows an amalgam of disciplines that publish on our research topic. Five clusters of authors were identified based on similarities in the references used: post-normal science, science and technology studies, science policy studies, politics of expertise and risk governance. The content of the clusters demonstrates that authors in different clusters agree that the role of experts is influenced by the type of problem (simple or complex) and by other parties (the public and stakeholders). However, opinions vary on the extent to which roles can vary and the necessity to explicate different viewpoints. Publications on scientific experts who provide policy advice affirm that such experts should and do hold different roles, depending on the type of problem and factors such as values held by the expert and the type of knowledge. We conclude that research on expert roles has remained mostly theoretical. Existing theories about science systems can be used to study real policy advice processes. Most theories are well elaborated, but empirical proof for the described changes, roles and processes is limited

Citation · Content analysis · Corporate governance · Data science · Engineering ethics · Library science · Management · Management science · Political science · Positivism · Science policy · Scientometrics · Snowball sampling · Social science · Sociology · Viewpoints · Climate Change Communication and Perception · Computer Science · Public Administration · Risk Perception and Management · Sustainability and Climate Change Governance