Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

The think aloud method

What is it and how do I use it

Bibliographic Data

ID19560604
AuthorsDavid W Eccles (0000-0002-2696-0750, Durham University, corresponding author), Güler Arsal (0000-0002-7893-436X)
Year2017
Volume9
Issue4
Pages514-531
Publication date2017-08-08
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueQualitative Research in Sport and Exercise (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1939-8441 • E-ISSN: 1939-845X
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/2159676x.2017.1331501
OpenAlexW2618362327
LanguageEN
Citations received50
References cited28

This paper describes the nature and utility of the think aloud method for studying thinking that qualitative researchers from any disciplinary background can consider as an option for understanding thought. The paper begins with an overview of the theoretical framework underpinning the think aloud method, and how this framework is proposed to address shortcomings of traditional interview-based methods of understanding participants’ thinking. It continues with a description of a study using the think aloud method of golfers’ thoughts during putting with the aim of demonstrating how the method can be applied, and as an opportunity to present examples of thoughts and explore how these thoughts function in the control of putting tasks. The paper finishes with proposals for how qualitative researchers might integrate the think aloud method into their own research on sport, exercise and health, and a discussion of common pitfalls and concerns with applying the method

Discipline · Human–computer interaction · Management science · Qualitative research · Social science · Sociology · Think aloud protocol · Underpinning · Usability · Computer Science · Engineering · Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports · Physical Education and Pedagogy · Psychology · Sport Psychology and Performance

  • Who Achieves Long‐Term Goals? Development and Validation of the DPR Conceptualization of Trait Self‐Control and the DPR Self‐Control Scale

    Open Access•Lasse Wennerhold, Dorota Reis et al.•Journal of Personality•2026

  • Exploring the Black Box of an mHealth Intervention (Life4YOUth)

    Open Access•Anna Seiterö, Kristin Thomas et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Zones of (un)certainty

    Open Access•Dieuwertje Luitse, Tobias Blanke•AI & Society•2026

  • Transforming Healthcare Training

    Open Access•Fatima Farooq, Kashif Ishaq et al.•Human Behavior and Emerging…•2025

  • Usability Study of a Multicomponent Exergame Training for Older Adults with Mobility Limitations

    Open Access•Melanie Thalmann, Lisa Ringli et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Perceiving being single as inherently negative

    Open Access•Nikola Komlenac, C Mair et al.•BMC Psychology•2025

  • Enhancing mental wellbeing by changing mindsets? Results from two randomized controlled trials

    Open Access•Carina Schreiber, Marijke Schotanus-Dijkstra•BMC Psychology•2024

  • Role of affective reactivity induced by cigarette packaging including graphic warning labels

    Matthew D Stone, David R Strong et al.•Tobacco Control•2021

  • Adapting and Co-Producing a Psychological First Aid Intervention for Care Home Staff

    Open Access•Mariyana Schoultz, Alexandra Kirton et al.•International Journal of…•2026

  • Benevolent intentions towards a new co-worker depend on the co-worker’s sexual orientation and relationship status

    Open Access•Nikola Komlenac, Madita Haller et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2025

  • TAP express

    Open Access•Abdallah Al-Hamad, Attila Gilányi•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2026

  • Pictures versus words

    Open Access•Tracy C W Tang, Mun Wong et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2024

  • Patience is a virtue

    Open Access•Mary C Frazier, Megan J Pullin et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2025

  • Beliefs that predict support for needs-based disaster aid distribution

    Open Access•Shannon Callaham, Andrea Mah et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • Translanguaging learning strategies (TLS)

    Open Access•Qi Zhang, Caitrí­ona Osborne et al.•Chinese Language and Discourse An…•2024

  • Determining Contextual Factors for a Heart Failure Self-Care Intervention

    Open Access•Amanda Whittal, Isabell Ehringfeld et al.•Health Education & Behavior•2024

  • An argumentation experience regarding concepts of calculus with ChatGPT

    Selin Urhan, Oğuzhan Gençaslan et al.•Interactive Learning Environments•2024

  • Is ChatGPT a Rational Assistant for University Students During Mathematical Reasoning

    Open Access•Selin Urhan, Oğuzhan Gençaslan et al.•Science & Education•2026

  • Young learners’ motivation, self-regulation and performance in personalized learning

    Open Access•Kevin Ackermans, Marjoke Bakker et al.•Computers & Education•2025

  • Self-directed learning in video games, affordances and pedagogical implications for teaching and learning

    Open Access•Weimin Toh, David Kirschner•Computers & Education•2020

  • Towards a fuller picture

    Open Access•Yizhou Fan, Mladen Rakovic et al.•Journal of Computer Assisted…•2023

  • Making individual teacher educator professional agency visible

    Open Access•John Paul Mynott, Bernadette Wrynn et al.•European Journal of Teacher…•2026

  • Twelve tips for applying the think-aloud method to capture cognitive processes

    Open Access•Babu Noushad, Pascal W M Van Gerven et al.•Medical Teacher•2024

  • Using the think aloud protocol in health professions education

    W Rainey Johnson, Anthony R Artino et al.•Medical Teacher•2023

  • Activating Pre‐Service Teachers' Classroom Management Noticing Through Video‐Annotation With Expert‐Model Feedback

    Open Access•Iclal Can, Gökçe Gökalp•European Journal of Education•2025

  • A Dual Country Validation of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale

    Open Access•Giulia Raimondi, Sara Germani et al.•Psychology in the Schools•2026

  • Unplugged coding in early childhood

    Open Access•Tuğba Abanoz, Fılız Kalelıoğlu•The Journal of Educational Research•2026

  • Cognitive Echo

    Open Access•Longwei Zheng, Anna He et al.•British Journal of Educational…•2025

  • Curiosity as a catalyst for conceptual change

    Open Access•Alice Xu, Catherine M Sandhofer et al.•Acta Psychologica•2026

  • A think-aloud method of investigating translanguaging strategies in learning Chinese characters

    Qi Zhang, Lin Xu et al.•Applied Linguistics Review•2024

  • How film stories can inspire character strengths

    Open Access•Thirsa T E J C Stolk, Rebecca N H De Leeuw et al.•Journal of Children and Media•2025

  • ‘It touches my heart more when I see this…’

    Open Access•Sinéad Plant, Karima Lundin et al.•Health Risk & Society•2022

  • Large language model tools as catalysts for collective cognition in collaborative new-product development

    Open Access•Deyin Zhang, Shijian Luo et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2026

  • Usability Evaluation with Eye Tracking

    Open Access•Diana Székely, Silviu Vert et al.•Heritage•2023

  • Unpacking the docked bike-sharing experience. A bike-along study on the infrastructural constraints and determinants of everyday bike-sharing use

    Open Access•Oriol Roig-Costa, Carme Miralles‐guasch et al.•Journal of Transport Geography•2025

  • Co-design of “Baatcheet,” a peer-supported, web-based storytelling intervention for young people with common mental health problems in India

    Open Access•Pattie P Gonsalves, Dinesh Mittal et al.•Cambridge Prisms Global Mental…•2024

  • Supporting personal preferences and different levels of need in online help-seeking

    Open Access•Claudette Pretorius, Darragh Mccashin et al.•Human-Computer Interaction•2022

  • Gender Differences in Sexual Violence Perpetration Behaviors and Validity of Perpetration Reports

    Open Access•N K Jeffrey, Charlene Y Senn•The Journal of Sex Research•2024

  • Thinking Aloud. A qualitative analysis of stressors and coping responses in cricket bowlers during a competitive match

    Michael McGreary, Phil Birch et al.•Qualitative Research in Sport and…•2021

  • Thinking again about the use of think aloud and stimulated recall methods in sport coaching

    Open Access•Anna Stodter, Amy Whitehead•Qualitative Research in Sport and…•2024

  • The event-focused interview

    Open Access•Patricia C Jackman, Matthew J Schweickle et al.•Qualitative Research in Sport and…•2022

  • Aged care residents’ prioritization of care

    Open Access•Kristiana Ludlow, K Churruca et al.•Health Expectations•2021

  • Every story has two sides

    Open Access•Victoria M Gottwald, Victoria Gottwald et al.•Frontiers in Sports and Active…•2023

  • How do children make food choices? Using a think-aloud method to explore the role of internal and external factors on eating behaviour

    Open Access•Jane Ogden, Catherine Roy-Stanley•Appetite•2020

  • Birds of a feather flock even closer together in the digital era

    Open Access•Wei Huang, Marko Škorić et al.•New Media & Society•2026

  • Birthday memories

    Open Access•Fabian Hutmacher, Cosima Einhellig et al.•Memory•2026

  • Earth(l)y pleasures and air-borne bodies

    Open Access•J Allen-Collinson, Patricia C Jackman•International Review for the…•2022

  • Fire and Smoke

    Open Access•Hayley M Williams, Kate Hunter et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Cultural Adaptation of an Iranian Suicide Safety Plan Intervention Website

    Open Access•Zahra Asgari, Azam Naghavi et al.•Illness Crisis & Loss•2026

  • Visualising, navigating and making time

    Open Access•Charlotte Ettrup Christiansen, Mette Terp Høybye et al.•Health An Interdisciplinary…•2024

  • Interviews

    Brett Smith, A C Sparkes•Routledge Handbook of Qualitative…•2016

  • Protocol Analysis

    K Anders Ericsson, Herbert A Simon•Protocol Analysis•1993

  • Verbal reports as data.

    K Anders Ericsson, Herbert A Simon•Psychological Review•1980

  • Reasoning in humans. II. The solution of a problem and its appearance in consciousness.

    Norman R F Maier•Journal of Comparative Psychology•1931

  • On the fragility of skilled performance

    Sian L Beilock, Thomas H Carr•Journal of Experimental…•2001

  • Long-term working memory.

    K Anders Ericsson, Walter Kintsch•Psychological Review•1995

  • The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance.

    K Anders Ericsson, Ralf Th Krampe et al.•Psychological Review•1993

  • Telling more than we can know

    Richard E Nisbett, Timothy D Wilson•Psychological Review•1977

  • A phenomenological exploration of exercise mental toughness

    Lee Crust, Christian Swann et al.•Qualitative Research in Sport and…•2014

  • Negotiating (athletic) femininity

    Erica V Bennett, Louisa Scarlett et al.•Qualitative Research in Sport and…•2017

  • Conceptualising commitment

    Gareth Hall, David Shearer et al.•Qualitative Research in Sport and…•2012

  • Career transitions and identity

    Suzanne Cosh, Amanda Lecouteur et al.•Qualitative Research in Sport and…•2013

  • Understanding Older Adults’ Motivators and Barriers to Participating in Organized Programs Supporting Exercise Behaviors

    Open Access•Kelly Biedenweg, Hendrika Meischke et al.•The Journal of Primary Prevention•2013

  • The effect of manipulating context-specific information on perceptual-cognitive processes during a simulated anticipation task

    Open Access•Allistair P Mcrobert, Paul Ward et al.•British Journal of Psychology•2011

  • Do procedures for verbal reporting of thinking have to be reactive? A meta-analysis and recommendations for best reporting methods

    Mark C Fox, K Anders Ericsson et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2011

Unique citing works50
Citations per year8,33
Citation span2020 - 2026 (7)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 47
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae