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Kinship, Cooperation, and the Evolution of Moral Systems

Bibliographic Data

ID19600952
AuthorsBenjamin Enke (0000-0002-7400-3293, Harvard University and National Bureau of Economic Research, corresponding author)
Year2019
Volume134
Issue2
Pages953-1019
Publication date2019-01-08
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueThe Quarterly Journal of Economics (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0033-5533 • E-ISSN: 1531-4650
PublisherOxford University Press (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1093/qje/qjz001
OpenAlexW2938884705
LanguageEN
Citations received85
References cited64

Across the social sciences, a key question is how societies manage to enforce cooperative behavior in social dilemmas such as public goods provision or bilateral trade. According to an influential body of theories in psychology, anthropology, and evolutionary biology, the answer is that humans have evolved moral systems: packages of functional psychological and biological mechanisms that regulate economic behavior, including a belief in moralizing gods; moral values; negative reciprocity; and emotions of shame, guilt, and disgust. Based on a stylized model, this article empirically studies the structure and evolution of these moral traits as a function of historical heterogeneity in extended kinship relationships. The evidence shows that societies with a historically tightly knit kinship structure regulate behavior through communal moral values, revenge taking, emotions of external shame, and notions of purity and disgust. In loose kinship societies, on the other hand, cooperation appears to be enforced through universal moral values, internalized guilt, altruistic punishment, and an apparent rise and fall of moralizing religions. These patterns point to the presence of internally consistent but culturally variable functional moral systems. Consistent with the model, the relationship between kinship ties, economic development, and the structure of the mediating moral systems amplified over time

Disgust · Kinship · Moral disengagement · Reciprocity (cultural anthropology) · Shame · Sociology · Anthropology · Culture, Economy, and Development Studies · Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation · Psychology · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment · Social Psychology

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Unique citing works85
Citations per year10,63
Citation span2018 - 2026 (9)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 84
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