Direct and Vicarious Experiences of Covid-19-Related Racism Across Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 2073473 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Yong Ju Cho (0000-0001-9590-9206, National Institutes of Health, corresponding author), Juliana S Sherchan (0009-0000-2989-2178, National Institutes of Health), Jessica R Fernandez (0000-0001-5638-7193, National Institutes of Health), Sydney A Barlow (National Institutes of Health), Paula D Strassle (0000-0002-1072-1560, National Institutes of Health), Allana T Forde (0000-0002-3097-0038, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities) |
| Year | 2024 |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 3587-3600 |
| Publication date | 2024-11-20 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2196-8837 • E-ISSN: 2197-3792 |
| Publisher | Springer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s40615-024-02159-x |
| PMID | 39565547 |
| OpenAlex | W4404534557 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 23 |
Objectives Due to stigmatization associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, certain groups were believed to be the cause of COVID-19 and thus experienced COVID-19-related racism through direct interpersonal and vicarious experiences. This study used quantitative and qualitative responses to examine whether the prevalence of experiencing these types of racism varied across racial and ethnic groups. Study Design This cross-sectional study included 5,480 participants in the REACH-US (Race-Related Experiences Associated with COVID-19 and Health in the United States) study, which is a nationally representative survey administered to 5,500 U.S. adults from January 26, 2021-March 3, 2021. Methods COVID-19-related racism was measured using single items about whether participants: 1.) experienced racism because they were thought to belong to a group more likely to get COVID-19 (direct); 2.) witnessed racism against others who were thought to belong to a group more likely to get COVID-19 (vicarious). Logistic regression examined differences in experiencing COVID-19-related racism across racial and ethnic groups, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Themes emerged from open-ended descriptions of racism experiences coded in a thematic analysis and were reported across racial and ethnic groups. Results Overall, 6.4% and 15.9% of adults experienced direct and vicarious COVID-19-related racism, respectively. All racial and ethnic groups (except Hispanic/Latino English Language Preference) were significantly more likely than White adults to experience direct (AORs: 2.06-4.92) and vicarious (AORs: 1.63-3.02) COVID-19-related racism. Racial and ethnic differences were observed across thematic domains of type of mistreatment and settings where racism occurred. Conclusions Direct and vicarious COVID-19-related racism were more prevalent among marginalized racial and ethnic groups, comprised various types of mistreatment, and occurred across multiple settings, thus highlighting the need for integrated efforts to reduce and prevent racism
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 · Disease · Ethnic group · Psychometrics of racism · Qualitative research · Racism · Sociology · Thematic analysis · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Demography · Gender Studies · Medicine · Migration, Health and Trauma · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Perceived Discrimination and Mental Distress Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic
The experience of hate incidents across racial and ethnic groups during the Covid-19 pandemic
County-level barriers in the Covid-19 vaccine coverage index and their associations with willingness to receive the Covid-19 vaccine across racial/ethnic groups in the U.S
Discrimination and Stress Among Asian Refugee Populations During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Experiences of stigma in the United States during the Covid-19 pandemic
Asian Americans’ racial discrimination experiences during Covid-19
Vicarious Racism and Vigilance During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Asians and Asian Americans’ experiences of racial discrimination during the Covid-19 pandemic
Racism Experience Among American Adults During Covid-19
Internalization of the model minority myth and sociodemographic factors shaping Asians/Asian Americans' experiences of discrimination during Covid‐19
Experiences of Covid-19-related anti-Asian discrimination and affective reactions in a multiple race sample of U.S. young adults
Effect of vicarious discrimination on race-based stress symptoms among Asian American young adults during the Covid-19 pandemic
Covid-19–Related Discrimination Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities and Other Marginalized Communities in the United States
The Mental Health Impact of Covid-19 Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Against Asian American and Pacific Islanders
The Digital Divide Is a Human Rights Issue
A multidimensional conceptualization of racism-related stress
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |