Fascism on trial

Rodolfo Graziani and the manipulation of historical consciousness in postwar Italy

Bibliographic Data

ID2099501
AuthorsVictoria Witkowski (0009-0001-4543-625X, University of London, corresponding author)
Year2025
Volume30
Issue3
Pages1-17
Publication date2025-02-03
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueModern Italy (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1353-2944 • E-ISSN: 1469-9877
PublisherCambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1017/mit.2024.76
OpenAlexW4407080546
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited18

This article uses the postwar trial of Fascist Italy's most prominent general, Rodolfo Graziani, to examine issues of transitional justice and the formation of popular memory of Italian Fascism and colonialism after 1945. During the Fascist ventennio, the regime constructed Graziani as the nation's colonial 'hero' despite his leading role in genocidal measures during Fascist Italy's colonial wars in North and East Africa. His position as minister of defence in Mussolini's Nazi-backed Salò Republic in 1943-5, however, threatened his heroic reputation as he worked with Nazi commanders and became responsible for atrocities against Italian civilians. After the Second World War, Graziani was tried for Nazi collaborationism at the Supreme Court in 1948, but his colonial conduct was left unquestioned. Unlike in the Nuremberg Trials in post-Nazi Germany, few Italians were tried for war crimes after 1945. This historical inquiry analyses the legal proceedings, transnational representation and outcome of Rodolfo Graziani's 1948 trial as an emblematic case study to explore de-fascistisation and decolonialisation initiatives and their limitations in post-Fascist postcolonial Italy

Colonialism · Nazism · Political science · Sociology · Communism, Protests, Social Movements · Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics · History · Italian Fascism and Post-war Society · Law