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Enforcing the unenforceable

Exploring police officer use of discretion in the enforcement of Covid-19 rules and regulations

Bibliographic Data

ID21177293
AuthorsYuning Wu (0000-0002-2699-4790, Wayne State University, corresponding author), Sanja Kutnjak Ivković (0000-0003-0709-5404, Michigan State University), Ivan Y Sun (0000-0002-5679-196X, University of Delaware), Ivan Sun (University of Delaware), Yang Vincent Liu (0000-0001-7063-8737, Michigan State University), Marijana Kotlaja (0000-0001-7869-2076, University of Missouri–Kansas City), Peter Neyroud (0000-0002-3628-4899, University of Cambridge), Jon Maskaly (0000-0001-7686-783X, University of North Dakota), Sandra Kobajica (0000-0002-7373-3200, University of Sarajevo), Leandro Ayres França (0000-0002-7826-4079, University of Reading), Irena Cajner Mraović (0000-0003-1811-3452, University of Zagreb), Krunoslav Borovec (0000-0003-1236-9182, Ministry of the Interior), Alrien Francisco Dausan (De La Salle University – Dasmariñas), Alrien Dausan (0000-0001-6879-7229, De La Salle University – Dasmariñas), Branko Lobnikar (0000-0001-6121-0907, University of Maribor), Kaja Prislan Mihelič (University of Maribor), Kaja Prislan (0000-0002-8474-7122, University of Maribor), Adri Sauerman (Research ICT Africa), Kuang-Ming Chang (0000-0002-4071-8530, Ming Chuan University), John Roch (Metropolitan Police Service)
Year2025
Volume26
Issue5
Pages529-548
Publication date2025-09-03
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenuePolice Practice and Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1561-4263 • E-ISSN: 1477-271X
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/15614263.2024.2435050
OpenAlexW4405574051
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited51

During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments relied on the police to enforce COVID-19 rules. However, little is known about police enforcement of these norms and use of discretion in this process. The current study draws on a sample of 3,866 police officers from 10 countries across the globe and examines officers’ use of discretion when encountering violations of COVID-19 rules. We assess the relative significance of factors such as the perceptions of community adherence to COVID-19 rules, assessments of the police agency’s support to deal with the pandemic, evaluations of COVID-19 seriousness, and psychological adjustments to the pandemic on police officers’ willingness to react when observing a COVID-19 violation. Our findings highlight the complexity of officer responses to violations of rules, which include not only enforcement actions such as giving advice and warning, issuing tickets, and making arrests, but also non-actions

Business · Discretion · Enforcement · Law enforcement · Officer · Political science · Public relations · Seriousness · Sociology · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis · Law · Medicine · Policing Practices and Perceptions

  • A Comparative Exploration of Perceived Community and Police Adherence to Covid-19 Regulations

    Open Access•Sanja Kutnjak Ivković, Yuning Wu et al.•International Journal of Offender…•2025

  • Policing the Pandemic

    Sanja Kutnjak Ivković, Jon Maskaly et al.•Policing the Pandemic•2024

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  • Where, When, and By Whom

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    Open Access•Wanda E Leal, Elizabeth L Gloyd et al.•Crime & Delinquency•2025

  • Police Officers’ Preferences for Enforcing Covid-19 Regulatory Violations

    Open Access•Ivan Y Sun, Yuning Wu et al.•Crime & Delinquency•2025

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    K Lin, Shan Shen et al.•Police Practice and Research•2023

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  • Addressing recall bias in (post-)conflict data collection and analysis

    Open Access•Rodrigo Moreno-Serra, Misael Anaya-Montes et al.•Conflict and Health•2022

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    Arne Nieuwenhuys, Geert J P Savelsbergh et al.•Emotion•2011

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    Open Access•Sarah Charman, Geoff Newiss et al.•Policing & Society•2022

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    Open Access•Thomas Hale, Noam Angrist et al.•Nature Human Behaviour•2021

  • Negative Affective Responses to Stress among Urban Police Officers

    Stephen A Bishopp, Nicole Leeper Piquero et al.•Deviant Behavior•2018

Unique citing works1
Citations per year1
Citation span2025 - 2025 (1)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 1
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