Cassava Spirit and the Seed of History

On Garden Cosmology in Northern Amazonia

Bibliographic Data

ID2145151
AuthorsL Daly (0000-0002-0542-9397, Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK, corresponding author)
Year2021
Volume31
Issue4
Pages377-395
Publication date2021-10-02
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueAnthropological Forum (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0066-4677 • E-ISSN: 1469-2902
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/00664677.2021.1994918
OpenAlexW3214874301
LanguageEN
Citations received16
References cited60

This article concerns the practice of cassava gardening among the indigenous Makushi people of Amazonian Guyana. By focusing on the cassava garden (mîî) as a primary site of multispecies engagement, I explore some of the heterogeneous modes that people-plant relationships take in everyday life and ritual practice. Plants, for the Makushi, are typically thought of as 'persons' (pemon), and gardening is predicated upon maintaining relationships of interspecies care via regular human-plant communication. In the idiom of human kinship, cassava plants are spoken of as being 'children' (more yamî'), both of human gardeners and Cassava Mama, the tutelary spirit of cultivated plants. Human-plant communication is both verbal, in the form of poetic language (taren) and songs (eremu), and embodied, in the form of tactile engagement and substance-based transfers. It is in the cultivation of communicative relationships with plants and their spirits, I argue, that Makushi gardeners create and nourish human persons and, ultimately, reproduce society. I go on to address the anthropological problem of plant animism in Amazonia, arguing that a more embodied, sensorial and, following Strathern, 'immanentist' notion of spirit is required to better account for the complex entanglement of bodies and souls that undergirds human-plant interpenetration in indigenous Amazonia. In dialogue with literature from the multispecies turn, I suggest that an anthropology beyond the human, much like Makushi gardening, might usefully be thought of as a process of more-than-human ontogenesis

Amazon rainforest · Animism · Biology · Embodied cognition · Epistemology · Indigenous · Kinship · Sociology · Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory · Anthropological Studies and Insights · Anthropology · Ecology · Geographies of human-animal interactions · Philosophy