The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Smoking and Smoking-Cessation in Iranian Older Adults

Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging (Acsa)

Bibliographic Data

ID21645773
AuthorsAhmad Delbari (0000-0002-5618-5409, Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences), Isa Akbarzadeh (0000-0001-6733-6092, Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences), Mohammad Bidkhori (0000-0002-0965-3679, Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences), Mohsen Shati (0000-0001-7738-2180, Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences), Fatemeh-sadat Tabatabaei (0000-0003-2975-3543, Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences), F Hosseini Tabatabaei (University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences), Elham Hooshmand (0000-0001-6026-660X, Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, corresponding author)
Year2026
Volume61
Issue7
Pages955-963
Publication date2026-06-07
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueSubstance Use & Misuse (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1082-6084 • E-ISSN: 1532-2491
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/10826084.2025.2562561
PMID41782359
OpenAlexW7133691928
LanguageEN
References cited29

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, former smoking, and associated factors among older adults. METHODS: Using data from the cross-sectional phase of the Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging (ACSA), self-reported information on smoking habits, secondhand smoke exposure, and childhood exposure to smoke was analyzed. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate factors influencing being a former smoker, while multinomial logistic regression compared nonsmokers, former smokers, and current smokers. RESULTS: A total of 4,981 individuals participated in the study, revealing that 22.23% of male participants were former smokers, 28.29% were current smokers, while only 0.19% of females were former smokers, and 0.08% were current smokers. The majority of smokers started smoking before the age of 18, with an average pack year of 26.27 and a smoking duration of 30.37 years (95% CI: 29.83 to 31.59). Exposure to secondhand smoke in homes was reported by 30.41% of women and 10.87% of men, while childhood exposure to cigarette smoke was reported by 30.37% of women and 43.29% of men. Smoking status was found to be associated with age, education, BMI, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, neurological disorders, depressive symptoms, and pack year history. CONCLUSION: The study highlights a high prevalence of both first- and secondhand smoking in the elderly population of Iran, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. These findings may inform age- and context-appropriate public health strategies targeting older adults, particularly in regions where smoking remains socially embedded and cessation support is limited

Cohort · Cohort study · Population · Population based study · Public health · Smoking cessation · Smoking prevalence · Health and Well-being Studies · Health disparities and outcomes · Smoking Behavior and Cessation · Epidemiology