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Human Ecology

Bibliographic Data

ID2199713
AuthorsRobert Ezra Park (corresponding author)
Year1936
Volume42
Issue1
Pages1-15
Publication date1936-07-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueAmerican Journal of Sociology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0002-9602 • E-ISSN: 1537-5390
PublisherUniversity of Chicago Press (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1086/217327
OpenAlexW4233725141
LanguageEN
Citations received161

Human ecology is an attempt to apply to the interrelations of human beings a type of analysis previously applied to the interrelations of plants and animals. The term "symbiosis" describes a type of social relationship that is biotic rather than cultural. This biotic social order comes into existence and is maintained by competition. In plant and animal societies competition is unrestricted by an institutional or moral order. Human society is a consequence and effect of this limitation of the symbiotic social order by the cultural. Different social sciences are concerned with the forms which this limitation of the natural or ecological social order assumes on (1) the economic, (2) the political, and (3) the moral level

Biology · Competition (biology) · Economics · Environmental ethics · Natural (archaeology) · Order (exchange) · Political science · Politics · Social order · Sociology · Ecology · Environmental and Cultural Studies in Latin America and Beyond · Environmental Philosophy and Ethics · Philosophy · Religion, Ecology, and Ethics

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Unique citing works161
Citations per year2,44
Citation span1960 - 2026 (67)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 159
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