Effectiveness of stigma reduction interventions and outbreak response adaptations in infectious disease outbreaks

A systematic review

Bibliographic Data

ID22067454
AuthorsAmy Paterson (0000-0001-7862-8971, University of Oxford, corresponding author), Ruan Spies (0000-0002-8303-2176, University of Oxford), Chambrez-Zita Zauchenberger (University of Oxford), Ashleigh Cheyne (0000-0002-2400-8969, University of Oxford), Piero L Olliaro (University of Oxford), Amanda Rojek (0000-0002-3948-0756, University of Oxford)
Year2026
Volume14
Pages1755092-1755092
Publication date2026-02-03
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565
PublisherFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fpubh.2026.1755092
PMID41710305
OpenAlexW7127351823
LanguageEN
References cited28

Introduction: Stigma is a common and recurring feature of infectious disease outbreaks where it may have detrimental effects on individual wellbeing and undermine outbreak response. This systematic review explores stigma reduction interventions in infectious disease outbreaks. Methods: Eligible studies were searched for in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Global Health databases and through reference screening. Risk of bias was assessed using study design-specific tools and the results of included studies underwent narrative synthesis. Results: Eleven studies conducted across coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Ebola disease, mpox, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and a hypothetical infectious-disease scenario, met the inclusion criteria. Five studies reported reductions in stigma, four reported mixed or null results, and two reported increases in stigma. The most promising strategies for outbreak-related stigma reduction were embedding anti-stigma messaging within health communication, providing psychosocial support, and fostering genuinely participatory community involvement. Discussion: Evidence on how to effectively reduce stigma during outbreaks remains limited. Strengthening the theoretical foundations, measurement tools, and evaluation designs of stigma-reduction interventions will be essential to inform evidence-based outbreak preparedness and response policies. This would help decision-makers ensure that risk communication, community engagement, and service delivery minimise stigma and improve uptake of testing, care, and preventive measures

Disease · Outbreak · Preparedness · Psychological intervention · Social stigma · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Mental Health Treatment and Access · Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy