What Makes Systemic RacismSystemic
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 2292016 |
|---|---|
| Authors | E Bonilla-Silva (0000-0002-4575-0134, Duke University, corresponding author), Eduardo Bonilla‐silva |
| Year | 2021 |
| Volume | 91 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 513-533 |
| Publication date | 2021-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Sociological Inquiry (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0038-0245 • E-ISSN: 1475-682X |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/soin.12420 |
| OpenAlex | W3147753165 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 85 |
| References cited | 85 |
In this article, I clarify some components and expand a few underdeveloped ideas of theracialized social systemapproach to racial stratification. I divide the paper into three parts. In the first section, I explore the limitations of the figure of 'the racist.' In the second part, I examine the problem of change. In the third part, which is the core of the paper, I discuss what makes 'systemic racism' systemic. My main contention in this article is that the 'systemic' in 'systemic racism' means that we all participate in the reproduction of the racialized order. Furthermore, this reproduction depends fundamentally on behavior and actions that are normative, habituated, and often unconscious. Hence, systemic racism is the product of the behavior and practices of regular White folks rather than the 'racists.' In the conclusion, I discuss the implications of my claims for further theory-building, research, and the struggle for racial justice
Anti-racism · Epistemology · Normative · Racism · Reproduction · Sociology · Critical Race Theory in Education · Gender Studies · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
An Oasis of Equality? Race and Stress on the MTurk Platform
From empirical hypothesis to moral commitment
The spatial logic of racial devaluation in the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation
The use of the term Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic in The Voice and Eastern Eye newspapers, a discourse analysis of Covid news stories in the UK press
A sense of security in urban environments
Epistemic Oppression, Construct Validity, and Scientific Rigor
Exploring everyday racist symbolism in community recreation spaces
Green and Socially Sustainable City Discourse, White Spatial Epistemology
“No hablo español
Conquering heights, challenging norms
Black immersive virtuality
Theorizing as a pedagogical project
Teaching students to identify and address significant critical moments in cross-cultural social work practice
Understanding Racism as Systemic
Searching for Equity in the System Reforms Literature
The Counter-Deficit Lens in Educational Research
Is Dis-Ability a Foregone Conclusion? Research and Policy Solutions to Disproportionality
Dual pandemics? Assessing associations between area racism, Covid-19 case rates, and mental health among U.S. adults
Introduction
As Transformações do Racismo Estrutural
Where Place Meets Policy
Residential Immobility and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Housing Quality
Structural racism, family structure, and Black–White inequality
Inequities in Anticipatory Stress of Police Brutality and Depressed Mood Among Women
For White Social Workers
A Tripartite Framework for Understanding the U.S. Racial Hierarchy
Making the impossible possible? Framing confrontations of racism on social media as norm-setting
Beyond Black and White
Unequally Indebted
Direct and indirect associations of experience of racial discrimination, dietary patterns and obesity in adults from southern Brazil
Race in representative bureaucracy theory
How Does Structural Racism Operate (in) the Contemporary US Criminal Justice System
Colourism and law in the UK
Moving Beyond Obfuscating Racial Microaggression Discourse
It's not the rotten apples! Why family scholars should adopt a structural perspective on racism
Unsettling the family sciences
A Relational Approach to Coalitions
Hidden in plain view
Changes in mixed ethnicity households and neighbourhood transitions in England and Wales
Diversity and ethnic integration in Chinese higher education
Centering race equity within youth workforce development
Faith-Based Development in Affordable Housing and Reuse of Religious Property
To protect and serve their own people’
The Revolving Door of Im/Migration
Racialized Access to Domestic Violence Shelter
Nice, Liberal Whiteness
Race Talk During the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election
Bias, risk, racism
The nature, detection, and avoidance of harmful discrimination in criminal justice
Re‐imagining a decolonised, anti‐racist curriculum within initial teacher education in a Welsh university
Resisting Dogmatism in Social Work Knowledge Generation
Unsettling Discourses of Cross-Cultural Social Work Practice
Race differences in support for anti‐racism policies
Beyond racial resentment
Fact Construction and Categorization in Assessment
Toward a Latinx Stratification Economics
The Asian American experience in the federal workforce
Learning (Not) to Know
Rape or Homicide
Unveiling the Power of Black Feminist Thought in Challenging U.S. Policing Methods
Critical Race Theories and the Political Economy of Systemic Racism
Rethinking racism again? Assessing conceptual deadlocks and innovations in race theory
They Can Change Their Mind About Anything”
Adolescent-directed racial-ethnic socialization
Anticipation of racially motivated police brutality and youth mental health
The Association Between Structural Disadvantage and Adverse Birth Outcomes
Specifying Race
Opposition Toward Focusing on Race and Racism in the Classroom
Rethinking racism again
Outgroup mobility threat - how much intergenerational integration is wanted
Race, Crime, and Lending Risk in Chicago
Raça e racismo
Changing the world in three minutes? A duoethnographic provocation of 3MT in neoliberal Australian universities
Social Justice and Social Order
Racial Identity and Endorsements of Anti-Black and Anti-White Stereotypes
I can't tell you what freedom is 'cause I've never seen it
I don't believe that I have been wanted
Inaction, Silence, Focus, and Power
In the Name of Love
(Doing) belonging as technology of power
Ambiguity, consciousness, and plantation afterlives in Brazil's racial capitalism
From "Xenophobia" to structural racism, and back? Epistemic obstacles, conceptual struggles, and the role of critical theory
Counting racism
The blame game
Police's attribution of racial inequality in the criminal justice system
Black Resistance in the Americas
Black Intersectionalities
Feeling White
Behind the White Picket Fence
Charter Schools
Ethnic and Racial Identity in Adolescence
Structural racism and health inequities in the USA
Racial Formation in the United States
Race and the Politics of Solidarity
Shades of White
Our Racist Heart
Black Lives, White Lives
Drawing the Global Colour Line
Karl Marx
The Black Image in the White Mind
The Known World of Free Black Slaveholders
A Distant Mirror
Emotion, Authority, and Death
Despite the Best Intentions
Interracial Intimacy
School Choice in Suburbia
Towards a critical theory of whiteness
Dramaturgical Domination
Which school attributes matter? The influence of school district performance and demographic composition on property values
The Determinants of Neighborhood Satisfaction
Sentinels for New South Industry
Color Means Something”
This Species of Property
Race Rebels
Divided Loyalties in a “Predatory War”
Shades of Whiteness
Anything but racism
Cor, educação e casamento
Slavery and Freedom in Theory and Practice
Death Qualification in Black and White
Advancing a sociology of ignorance in the study of racism and racial non-knowing
Patterns of Negro Segregation
Presidential Address
Toward a New Political Praxis for Trumpamerica
Does Race Matter in Residential Segregation? Exploring the Preferences of White Americans
Everyday Race-Making
The Invention of the White Race, Volume 1
The Essential Social Fact of Race
Rethinking Racism
Feeling Race
Eventful Subjectivity
Mapping the Racial Bias of the White Male Capital Juror
Taken for Granted
The Authoritarian Personality
The White Space
White Liberals in Transition
From Sundown to Sunup
Why Actor Models Are Integral to Structural Analysis
Everyday Racism' in a Culture of Political Avoidance
Racial Ideology and White Youth
Separate and Unequal
Racial Ideology or Racial Ignorance? An Alternative Theory of Racial Cognition
Realizing Solidarity
The Roots of Domination
A Theory of Social Categories
When Whites Flock Together
The Sociology of Discrimination
Birds of a Feather
The Prickly Skin of White Supremacy
What Group?' Studying Whites and Whiteness in the Era of 'Color-Blindness
Does Race Matter in Neighborhood Preferences? Results from a Video Experiment
Residential Segregation and Interracial Friendship in Schools
The Matter of Habit
Defended Neighborhoods, Integration, and Racially Motivated Crime
Preserving racial hierarchy amidst changing racial demographics
Racialization and racialization research
The American non-dilemma
Legitimating Racial Discrimination
| Unique citing works | 85 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 21,25 |
| Citation span | 2022 - 2026 (5) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 83 |