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Modularity and community structure in networks

Bibliographic Data

ID23312972
AuthorsM E J Newman (0000-0002-0907-1660, University of Michigan, corresponding author)
Year2006
Volume103
Issue23
Pages8577-8582
Publication date2006-06-06
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0027-8424 • E-ISSN: 1091-6490
PublisherNational Academy of Sciences (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1073/pnas.0601602103
PMID16723398
PMCIDPMC1482622
OpenAlexW2151936673
LanguageEN
Citations received653
References cited28

Many networks of interest in the sciences, including social networks, computer networks, and metabolic and regulatory networks, are found to divide naturally into communities or modules. The problem of detecting and characterizing this community structure is one of the outstanding issues in the study of networked systems. One highly effective approach is the optimization of the quality function known as “modularity” over the possible divisions of a network. Here I show that the modularity can be expressed in terms of the eigenvectors of a characteristic matrix for the network, which I call the modularity matrix, and that this expression leads to a spectral algorithm for community detection that returns results of demonstrably higher quality than competing methods in shorter running times. I illustrate the method with applications to several published network data sets.

Biology · Clique percolation method · Community structure · Complex network · Data mining · Data science · Eigenvalues and eigenvectors · Function (biology) · Modularity (biology) · Network analysis · Quality (philosophy) · World Wide Web · Artificial Intelligence · Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks · Complex Network Analysis Techniques · Computer Science · Engineering · Mathematics · Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence · Theoretical Computer Science

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Unique citing works653
Citations per year11,87
Citation span1971 - 2026 (56)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 600
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