Differential Paths to Parity
A Study of the Contemporary Arms Race
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 3489999 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Michael D Ward (0000-0002-6561-6186, University of Colorado System, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1984 |
| Volume | 78 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 297-317 |
| Publication date | 1984-06-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Political Science Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0003-0554 • E-ISSN: 1537-5943 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.2307/1963366 |
| OpenAlex | W2312860995 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 63 |
| References cited | 50 |
This article presents a model of arms expenditures and arms accumulation for the Soviet Union and United States from 1952 through 1978. It argues that contemporary superpowers do not react solely to the military budgets of one another in assessing the potential threat against which they must allocate military resources, i.e., in deciding upon the military budget. Rather, they respond primary to the relative balance of strategic and conventional military forces. A continuous time model of this process is developed and estimated. If one examines only the budgets of these two nations, it would appear that no race is occurring; rather, the Soviets are simply increasing their arms expenditures irrespective of what the United States does. However, when one examines the relative stocks of military capabilities, it appears that the USSR is racing to catch up to the United States. Finally, the dynamics governing arms competition between the United States and the USSR appear to be undergoing marked change
Arms control · Arms race · Balance (ability · Competition (biology · Development economics · Economics · International trade · Parity (physics · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Race (biology · Sociology · Soviet union · Defense, Military, and Policy Studies · Economic Growth and Productivity · Law · Psychology · Russia and Soviet political economy
Michael D. Ward (1948–2021) and the road to space, networks and geography
Sophisticated Reaction in the U.S.-Soviet Arms Race
The End of the Cold War, Attitude Change, and the Politics of Defense Spending
US Federal research & development funding
Research Methods
The Political Economy of Arms Races and International Tension
A Theory of Armament
Arms Race Dynamics and Economic Stability
Preventing War by Nuclear Deterrence or by Détente
The Next Wave
Learning and the Evolution of Enduring International Rivalries
A Selected Bibliography of Arms Race Models and Related Subjects
A rule based model of the United States military expenditure decision‐making process
Marginal utility, cooperation and free‐riding
Hawks, doves, and civil conflict dynamics
Capability and hostile behavior in arms race models
The effect of provocation on foreign policy response
Arms imports as an action‐reaction process
Organizational power and distributional conflict within OECD nations
The friend of my enemy is my enemy
Fitting and testing a ‘predator‐prey’ model
Free Trade and Arms Races
U.S.-Soviet-Chinese Relations
War and Systemic Capability Reconcentration
U.S. Defense Spending, Electoral Cycles, and Soviet-American Relations
Last Words About War
Fluctuations in Soviet Defense Spending
Consider the Source
Indo-Pakistani Relations
Before the Storm
A Rational Model of Regional Rivalry
Mass Dynamics of U.S. Presidential Competitions, 1928–1936
Domestic Politics, International Pressure, and the Allocation of American Cold War Military Spending
Military Spending and Poverty
Political Stability in OECD Nations
Contention and Compromise
Lumpy Goods and Cheap Riders
Military Buildups, War, and Realpolitik
The Arms Acquisition Process
Dynamics of Military Spending in Israel
Richardson, Rationality, and Restrictive Models of Arms Races
A Twist of Truth
The Dimension of Superpower Rivalry
A Very Sharp Sword
Steaming in the Dark
Arms Race Modeling
Defense Expenditures, Security Threats, and Governmental Deficits
The Entrepreneurial State
The Causes and Consequences of Arms Races
Hegemonic and Bipolar Perspectives on the New World Order
Alliance Politics and Issue Areas
An Alternative Approach to Understanding Budgetary Trade-offs
Richardson Processes and Arms Transfers, 1971-1980
The Greek - Turkish Conflict and Greek Military Expenditure 1960-92
A new approach to analyzing coevolving longitudinal networks in international relations
Reconfiguring The Arms Race-War Debate
Using Military Spending Data
"Defense Expenditures, Economic Growth, and the "Peace Dividend
Politics and the Environment
Burden Sharing among America and Its Allies
The Evolution of Israel's Military Expenditures
The Political Economy of Military Spending in Israel
Guns Versus Butter
An introduction to multivariate statistical analysis
Sage international yearbook of foreign policy studies.
Arms Race Models
Arms Race and Military Expenditure Models
The War Ledger
Modelling the Ultimate Absurdity
A Quantitative Study of the Strategic Arms Race in the Missile Age
Econometrics and Arms Races
Parameter estimation by numerical minimization methods
Economic growth, US defence expenditures and the Soviet defence budget
Are the Soviets Really Outspending the U.S. on Defense
Deterrence and the Arms Race
Soviet Military Spending
The Arms Race
The Estimation of Soviet Defense Expenditures, 1955-75
Economic Dynamics
Distributed Lags and Investment Analysis
A Reactive Linkage Model of the U.S. Defense Expenditure Policymaking Process
Evaluating Alternative Foreign Policy Decision-Making Models
Arms Race Modeling
Arms Races and Escalation
The Conflict and Peace Data Bank (Copdab) Project
Military Spending in the United States, Soviet Union, and the People's Republic of China
Some Persisting Findings
An Analysis of Arms Processes in the United States and the Soviet Union
Cooperation and Conflict in Foreign Policy Behavior
Evaluating the Strategic Balance
Alternative Explanations of Competitive Arms Processes
Arms Races
Arms Races
The Political Economy of US Military Spending
The Political Economy of Federalism
| Unique citing works | 63 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,4 |
| Citation span | 1981 - 2023 (43) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 63 |