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Effective social justice advocacy

A Theory-of-Change Framework for Assessing Progress

Bibliographic Data

ID3972244
AuthorsBarbara Klugman (0000-0001-7743-6791, University of the Witwatersrand, corresponding author)
Year2011
Volume19
Issue38
Pages146-162
Publication date2011-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueReproductive Health Matters (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0968-8080 • E-ISSN: 1460-9576
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1016/s0968-8080(11)38582-5
PMID22118149
OpenAlexW2032045891
LanguageEN
Citations received34
References cited20

This article offers a theory-of-change framework for social justice advocacy. It describes broad outcome categories against which activists, donors and evaluators can assess progress (or lack thereof) in an ongoing manner: changes in organisational capacity, base of support, alliances, data and analysis from a social justice perspective, problem definition and potential policy options, visibility, public norms, and population level impacts. Using these for evaluation enables activists and donors to learn from and rethink their strategies as the political context and/or actors change over time. The paper presents a case study comparing factors that facilitated reproductive rights policy wins during the transition from apartheid to democracy in South Africa and factors that undermined their implementation in the post-apartheid period. It argues that after legal and policy victories had been won, failure to maintain strong organizations and continually rethink strategies contributed to the loss of government focus on and resources for implementation of new policies. By implication, evaluating effectiveness only by an actual policy change does not allow for ongoing learning to ensure appropriate strategies. It also fails to recognise that a policy win can be overturned and needs vigilant monitoring and advocacy for implementation. This means that funding and organising advocacy should seldom be undertaken as a short-term proposition. It also suggests that the building and maintenance of organisational and leadership capacity is as important as any other of the outcome categories in enabling success.RésuméCet article propose un cadre pour la théorie du changement dans le plaidoyer en faveur de la justice sociale. Il décrit de vastes catégories de résultats selon lesquelles les activistes, les donateurs et les évaluateurs peuvent jauger de manière suivie les progrès (ou le manque de progrès) : les changements des capacités d'organisation, la base de soutien, les alliances, les données et les analyses dans une perspective de justice sociale, la définition des problèmes et les options politiques potentielles, la visibilité, les normes publiques et les impacts au niveau de la population. En utilisant ces critères pour l'évaluation, les activistes et les donateurs peuvent tirer des enseignements et revoir leurs stratégies pour suivre l'évolution du contexte politique et/ou des acteurs. L'article présente une étude de cas comparant des facteurs qui ont facilité des gains politiques pour les droits génésiques pendant la transition de l'apartheid à la démocratie en Afrique du Sud et des facteurs qui ont miné leur application à la fin de l'apartheid. Il avance qu'après les victoires juridiques et politiques, l'incapacité à conserver des organisations fortes et à repenser en permanence les stratégies a contribué à une perte de la priorité gouvernementale et des ressources accordées à l'application de politiques nouvelles. Par conséquent, l'évaluation de l'efficacité uniquement par un changement politique réel ne permet pas un apprentissage constant pour assurer des stratégies adaptées. Elle ne tient pas non plus compte du risque de perte des gains politiques qui requiert d'être vigilant dans le plaidoyer et le suivi de la mise en łuvre. Il en découle que le financement et l'organisation du plaidoyer doivent rarement être des activités à court terme. L'article suggère aussi que l'instauration et l'entretien de la capacité organisationnelle et du leadership sont aussi importants que toute autre catégorie de résultat pour parvenir au succès.ResumenEn este artículo se ofrece un marco de teoría de cambio para abogar por la justicia social. Se describen categorías generales de resultados mediante los cuales activistas, donantes y evaluadores pueden evaluar los avances (o falta de estos) de manera continua: cambios en la capacidad organizacional, base de apoyo, alianzas, datos y análisis desde la perspectiva de justicia social, definición del problema y posibles opciones de políticas, visibilidad, normas públicas e impactos en los niveles de población. Al utilizar estos resultados para la evaluación, los activistas y donantes pueden aprender de sus estrategias y reformularlas según vayan cambiando los actores y/o el contexto político. Se expone un estudio de caso en el cual se comparan los factores que facilitaron las victorias de políticas a favor de los derechos reproductivos durante la transición del apartheid a la democracia en Sudáfrica y los factores que debilitaron su implementación en el período post-apartheid. Se argumenta que, tras las victorias legislativas y políticas, el no mantener organizaciones sólidas y reformular las estrategias continuamente contribuyó a la pérdida de enfoque del gobierno en la aplicación de nuevas políticas y en los recursos para éstas. Implícitamente, evaluar la eficacia exclusivamente mediante un cambio de política no permite el aprendizaje continuo para garantizar estrategias adecuadas. Además, no se reconoce que tras lograr determinada política, ésta puede ser revocada y que su implementación requiere monitoreo atento y esfuerzos de promoción y defensa (advocacy). Esto significa que el financiamiento y la coordinación de actividades de promoción y defensa rara vez se deben realizar como una propuesta de corto plazo. Indica también que el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la capacidad de organización y liderazgo es tan importante como cualquiera de las demás categorías de resultados para tener éxito

Democracy · Economic Justice · Policy advocacy · Political science · Politics · Population · Public policy · Public relations · Sociology · Theory of change · Community Health and Development · Evaluation and Performance Assessment · Health Policy Implementation Science · Law · Public Administration

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Unique citing works34
Citations per year2,27
Citation span2011 - 2026 (16)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 32
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