Beyond Federalism? Inclusion, Citizenship, and Minorities Without Territory in Myanmar's Spring Revolution

Bibliographic Data

ID3985387
AuthorsAung Ko Ko (Mosaic Myanmar), Elizabeth L Rhoads (0000-0003-0390-7217, Lund University, corresponding author), Nan Tinilarwin (Independent researcher), Win Bo Aung (Uppsala University), Yoon Thiri Khaing (Mosaic Myanmar)
Year2024
Volume54
Issue5
Pages938-961
Publication date2024-10-19
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Contemporary Asia (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0047-2336 • E-ISSN: 1752-7554
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/00472336.2024.2367497
OpenAlexW4399978448
LanguageEN
Citations received9
References cited43

Myanmar’s unofficial minorities encompass diverse religious and ethnic groups excluded from Myanmar’s list of 135 officially recognised “national races.” They face exclusion due to their citizenship status as well as societal prejudices and entrenched discrimination against minority communities. Yet, debates over politics, federalism, and power-sharing in Myanmar primarily concern the relationship between the officially recognised ethnic minorities and the majority Bamar population. The Spring Revolution has opened the door to “rethink federalism,” suggesting that moving beyond historically entrenched binaries of unity or ethnonational federalism may be on the table. Understanding how unofficial minorities face discrimination and disenfranchisement as well as inclusion, is imperative in not only imagining a new political system following a successful Spring Revolution, but in expanding the revolutionary process. Yet, discussions related to minorities and diversity have centred on the pre-coup model of ethno-nationalist federalism as a post-revolution power-sharing arrangement. With minority rights tied to increased autonomy for minority-dominated territories, how do minorities without territory meaningfully participate in or benefit from the revolution? How can the recognition of Myanmar’s unofficial minorities - an estimated 10% of the population - be ensured? “Rethinking federalism” highlights relationships between territory, citizenship, and belonging in the Spring Revolution

Citizenship · Development economics · Economics · Federalism · Inclusion (mineral · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Spring (device · Asian Geopolitics and Ethnography · Gender Studies · Law