The birth of the flexible mine

Changing geographies of mining and the e-waste commodity frontier

Bibliographic Data

ID4139515
AuthorsFreyja L Knapp (Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, USA, corresponding author)
Year2016
Volume48
Issue10
Pages1889-1909
Publication date2016-10-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueEnvironment and Planning A Economy and Space (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0308-518X • E-ISSN: 1472-3409
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/0308518x16652398
OpenAlexW2406681180
LanguageEN
Citations received32
References cited91

Mining companies, in recent decades, have been changing how they source and refine ores by seeking metal-bearing wastes to be smelted alongside "traditional" mining concentrates. I propose the term "flexible mine" to describe this expansion of ore supply chains, and I demonstrate how it operates through multiple registers of flexibility: spatial, temporal, and interpretational. The flexible mine is both a "widening" and a "deepening" commodity frontier for the mining industry promising a disarticulation from geophysical processes and, by extension, mining country geopolitics. The organizational and technical changes associated with mining above-ground ores seem to suggest a new phenomenon, wholly different than traditional mining and refining. Instead, however, the mining of waste streams blurs the boundaries between extraction, production, manufacturing, consumption, and disposal. Further, the flexible mine challenges the distinction between urban and non, arguing against relying on too-familiar binaries in geographic scholarship. I highlight how these registers of flexibility address three problems in below-ground mining (geospatial fixity, resource scarcity, and environmental effects) and also create new governance challenges in regulating extractive industries

Archaeology · Business · Commodity · Economic growth · Economics · Environmental planning · Frontier · Geography · Haulage · Market economy · Mining engineering · Mining industry · Natural resource economics · Scarcity · Scholarship · Underground mining (soft rock) · Waste management · Computer Science · Engineering · Extraction and Separation Processes · Mining and Resource Management · Recycling and Waste Management Techniques