Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Refugee integration in national health systems of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)

Evidence Synthesis and Future Research Agenda

Bibliographic Data

ID4593318
AuthorsAmina Olabi (Queen Margaret University), Natasha Palmer (0009-0007-5875-5827, Queen Margaret University), Maria Paola Bertone (0000-0001-8890-583X, Queen Margaret University), Maria Bertone, Giulia Loffreda (0000-0003-4895-1051, Queen Margaret University), Ibrahim R Bou-Orm (0000-0003-3563-4014, Queen Margaret University), Ibrahim Bou-Orm, Lucas Sempé (0000-0002-0978-6455, Queen Margaret University), Marcia Vera Espinoza (0000-0001-6238-7683, Queen Margaret University), Marcia Vera-Espinoza, Arick Dakessian (0000-0001-7792-6862, Queen Margaret University), Arek Dakessian, Paul Kadetz (0000-0002-2824-1856, Queen Margaret University), Alastair Ager (0000-0002-9474-3563, Queen Margaret University), Sophie Witter (0000-0002-7656-6188, Queen Margaret University)
Year2025
Volume385
Pages118546
Publication date2025-09-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocial Science & Medicine (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0277-9536 • E-ISSN: 1873-5347
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118546
PMID41061533
OpenAlexW4415027505
LanguageEN
Citations received3
References cited58

This paper reviews evidence on healthcare responses for refugees, documenting the different approaches and their effectiveness and impact in particular in relation to supporting integrating refugees into national health systems. The review adopted a purposeful, iterative approach, utilizing electronic databases, grey literature, and reference lists from relevant studies. A total of 167 studies, primarily from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), focusing on refugees and forcibly displaced persons with empirical data, were included. The review highlights a substantial literature on refugee health and healthcare access, with well-covered areas including delivery models, access barriers, gaps in coverage, and specific health services such as psychosocial care, non-communicable diseases, mental health, and maternal and child health. However, less attention is given to integration models, health system responses, and their impact on system resilience and social cohesion. Few studies examine the costs, feasibility, or sustainability of integration models, and little research focuses on health system perspectives or comparative analyses. Moreover, the host health system's status, capacity, and needs are often underexplored. Some countries are particularly well-represented in studies, e.g. Turkey, Jordan, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Uganda. There is however a paucity of data that would provide the basis for more quantitative or analytical evaluation from a systems perspective. This gap highlights the need for further research on effective integration models, their operational aspects, and their long-term impact on local health systems' resilience and sustainability. To support this research agenda, we propose a conceptual framework to provide analytic guidance for future research on healthcare responses for refugees and health system integration

Global Health Workforce Issues · Global Maternal and Child Health · Migration, Health and Trauma

  • Transforming Health Systems to Embrace Human Migration

    Open Access•Kayvan Bozorgmehr, Philipa Mladovsky•Social Science & Medicine•2026

  • From policy to practice and vice versa

    Open Access•Zahra Karimian, Asgar Aghaei Hashjin et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2026

  • Integrating healthcare financing for refugees into national health systems

    Open Access•Maria Paola Bertone, Natasha Palmer et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2025

  • Global call to action for inclusion of migrants and refugees in the Covid-19 response

    Open Access•Miriam Orcutt, Parth Patel et al.•The Lancet•2020

  • Effects of non-health-targeted policies on migrant health

    Open Access•Sol Pía Juárez, Helena Honkaniemi et al.•The Lancet Global Health•2019

  • A systematic literature review of reported challenges in health care delivery to migrants and refugees in high-income countries - the 3C model

    Open Access•Julia Brandenberger, Thorkild Tylleskär et al.•BMC Public Health•2019

  • What does ‘leave no one behind’ mean for humanitarian crises-affected populations in the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Lucy Singh, Neha Singh et al.•BMJ Global Health•2020

  • Strengthening the primary care workforce to deliver high-quality care for non-communicable diseases in refugee settings

    Open Access•Philippa Harris, Ros Kirkland et al.•BMJ Global Health•2022

  • Refugee Policy Amidst Global Shocks

    Open Access•Samuel J Spiegel, Johanne Mhlanga•Global Policy•2022

  • Health system resilience

    Open Access•Walid Ammar, Ola Kdouh et al.•Journal of Global Health•2016

  • A community–based system dynamics approach for understanding factors affecting mental Health and Health seeking behaviors in Beirut and Beqaa regions of Lebanon

    Open Access•Aya Noubani, Karin Diaconu et al.•Globalization and Health•2020

  • Quality of health care for refugees – a systematic review

    Open Access•Karolin Hahn, Jost Steinhäuser et al.•BMC International Health and…•2019

  • Improving primary health care quality for refugees and asylum seekers

    Open Access•Maha Pervaz Iqbal, Ramesh Walpola et al.•Health Expectations•2022

  • Policy exclusion or confusion? Perspectives on universal health coverage for migrants and refugees in South Africa

    Open Access•Janine A White, Laetitia C Rispel•Health Policy and Planning•2021

  • Lessons learnt from coordinating emergency health response during humanitarian crises

    Open Access•Olushayo Oluseun Olu, Abdulmumini Usman et al.•Conflict and Health•2015

  • How integration of refugees into national health systems became a global priority

    Open Access•Shatha Elnakib, Caitlin Jackson et al.•Conflict and Health•2024

  • Utilization of outpatient services in refugee settlement health facilities

    Open Access•William Weiss, Alexander Vu et al.•Conflict and Health•2011

  • Efficiency Analysis of Syrian Refugees’ Healthcare Services in Turkey and Other 3RP States

    Open Access•Emmanuel Achiri, Mustapha D Ibrahim•International Journal of…•2022

  • Time to Rethink Refugee and Migrant Health in Europe

    Open Access•Karl Philipp Puchner, Evika Karamagioli et al.•International Journal of…•2018

  • Health System Responses to the Health Needs of Refugees and Asylum-seekers in Malaysia

    Open Access•Fiona Leh Hoon Chuah, Sok Teng Tan et al.•International Journal of…•2019

  • Social determinants and mental health needs of Palestine refugees and UNRWA responses in Gaza during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Zenobia Jamal, Zoheir ElKhatib et al.•BMC Public Health•2022

  • Association between distress and displacement settings

    Open Access•Phuong Pham, Laila Fozouni et al.•BMC Public Health•2021

  • Public health response to large influx of asylum seekers

    Open Access•Paula Tiittala, Karolina Tuomisto et al.•BMC Public Health•2018

  • Maternal Health Care Utilization Among Syrian Refugees in Lebanon and Jordan

    Open Access•Jordan Health Access Study Team, Hannah Tappis et al.•Maternal and Child Health Journal•2017

  • Health system governance in settings with conflict-affected populations

    Open Access•Michelle Lokot, Ibrahim R Bou-Orm et al.•Health Policy and Planning•2022

  • The impact of Covid-19 on Venezuelan migrants’ access to health

    Open Access•Patricio Zambrano-Barragán, Sebastián Ramírez Hernandez et al.•Journal of Migration and Health•2020

  • Integration and social cohesion in the migrants' neighborhood in Karachi, Pakistan

    Open Access•Lubna Naz•Journal of Public Affairs•2020

  • Protracted Refugee Situations

    Elizabeth A Rowley, Elizabeth Rowley et al.•Journal of Refugee Studies•2006

  • Does Facilitated and Early Access to the Healthcare System Improve Refugees’ Health Outcomes? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Germany

    Open Access•Philipp Jaschke, Y Kosyakova•International Migration Review•2021

  • When ‘brothers and sisters’ become ‘foreigners’

    Sigrid Lupieri•Third World Quarterly•2020

  • The politics of return

    Ahmet Içduygu, Maissam Nimer•Third World Quarterly•2020

  • Understanding Integration

    Alastair Ager, Adam J Strang et al.•Journal of Refugee Studies•2008

Unique citing works3
Citations per year3
Citation span2025 - 2026 (2)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 2
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae