Political violence in a polarized democracy
Years of Lead (YoL) data on Italy 1969-1988
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4771392 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Stefano Costalli (0000-0002-8657-2047, University of Florence), Daniele Guariso (0000-0003-3723-7573, The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK, corresponding author), Patricia Justino (0000-0001-9282-8945, United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki, Finland), Andrea Ruggeri (0000-0001-9750-6099, University of Milan) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 62 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 1597-1608 |
| Publication date | 2025-09-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Peace Research (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3433 • E-ISSN: 1460-3578 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/00223433251347762 |
| OpenAlex | W4413432571 |
| Language | IT |
| Citations received | 3 |
| References cited | 28 |
What are the violent repertoires of politics in democracies? We contend that political violence in democratic settings can take many forms. We offer new guidelines and conceptual insights to enhance our understanding of political violence in democracies and promote a more comprehensive study of it. We provide new empirical evidence on patterns of political violence in a polarized democracy, relative trends, repertoires of violence, and the state's responses. Our novel dataset on political violence covers the period of Italian history between 1969 and 1988, also known as the Years of Lead (Anni di Piombo). The dataset is based on a triangulation of news sources and an 'actor-action-target' analytical framework. We collected over 7,800 geolocated and temporally coded events, shedding light on an understudied but extremely violent period in Italian history. We contend that scholars should avoid conceptualizing political violence in democratic societies as a residual phenomenon, often narrowly framed as mere terrorism due to normative biases and analytical constraints. Instead, a broader perspective is necessary to fully understand its complexity and implications
Computer security · Democracy · Injury prevention · Lead (geology) · Medical emergency · Occupational safety and health · Poison control · Political science · Political violence · Politics · Suicide prevention · Communism, Protests, Social Movements · Computer Science · Geology · Human Factors and Ergonomics · Law · Medicine · Political Conflict and Governance · Psychology
From mobilization to revolution
Underground Violence
Fight, Flight, Mimic
Threats to Democracy
Mobilizing on the Extreme RightGermany, Italy, and the United States
How Social Movements Die
The Logic of Political Violence
The Politics of Collective Violence
Batons and ballots
Terrorism and Counterterrorism
Democracy and disorder
Radical right and anti-vax protests between movements and parties
Far‐right protest mobilisation in Europe
Divided We Stand? Democracy as a Method of Processing Conflicts1
What Should We Mean by “Pattern of Political Violence”? Repertoire, Targeting, Frequency, and Technique
Unwanted children
The Violent Legacy of Fascism
The Long-Term Electoral Legacies of Civil War in Young Democracies
Terrorism and Democracy
Introducing the Global Terrorism Database
The analytical study of terrorism
The quantity and quality of terrorism
The Use of Newspaper Data in the Study of Collective Action
Violence in Latin America
| Unique citing works | 3 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3 |
| Citation span | 2025 - 2026 (2) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 3 |