Medieval Urban Russians According to Anthropological Data

V.P. Alekseev [1990, pp. 70-76], in an article on historical urban ecology, identified four channels along which flows the influence of a town undergoing formation in an evolving nature-society system. This influence touches on four spheres and is reflected in both the biological and the psychological characteristics of human populations: (1) the character of food provisioning under urban conditions and the influence of diet on growth and physical development; (2) the expansion of the circle of marital relations, the beginning of intermixing and its corollary change in the genetic structure of urban populations; (3) the acute change in medical-geographical conditions and the subsequent destabilization of the epidemiological situation; (4) the modification of visually recorded forms of the surrounding world, its spatial organization, the character of urban development, and so forth, influencing the individual's psychic state. All of these factors are expressed in modern towns

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