States, NGOs, and International Environmental Institutions
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6272907 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Kal Raustiala (corresponding author) |
| Year | 1997 |
| Volume | 41 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 719-740 |
| Publication date | 1997-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Studies Quarterly (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0020-8833 • E-ISSN: 1468-2478 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1111/1468-2478.00064 |
| OpenAlex | W2113486266 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 152 |
| References cited | 27 |
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly important participants in international environmental institutions. NGOs have been formally—but not fully—incorporated into what were previously "states-only" activities. This article surveys these new participatory roles and offers an analytical framework for understanding the pattern, terms, and significance, for international theory, of NGO inclusion. NGOs are distinctive entities with important skills and resources to deploy in the process of international environmental cooperation. Rather than undermining state sovereignty, active NGO participation enhances the abilities of states to regulate globally. The empirical pattern of NGO participation has been structured across time and functional areas to reap these gains. Recent evidence from the restructuring of the World Bank's Environment Facility is used to test these claims. That NGOs are now more pervasive in international environmental institutions illustrates the expansion, not the retreat, of the state in addressing global environmental problems
Citizen journalism · Economic growth · Economics · Inclusion (mineral · Political science · Process (computing · Restructuring · Social science · Sociology · Sovereignty · State (computer science · International Development and Aid · Law · Natural Resources and Economic Development · Political Conflict and Governance
Janus-faced NGO Participation in Global Governance
Democracy in Global Governance
Moments of influence in global environmental governance
Exploring the framing power of NGOs in global climate politics
The Opening Up of International Organizations
The Rescaling of Global Environmental Politics
I Nternational E Nvironmental a Greements
Self-legitimation in the face of politicization
Global Environmental Governance
La gouvernance d’une ONG de conservation de la nature. Perspective stratégique
The Tragedy of the Global Institutional Commons
Democratic memberships in international organizations
NGO Goal-Setting/Attainment and Perceptions of Benefits Derived within the Framework of the Unecosoc Consultative Status Program
Fridays for Future's Disruptive Potential
Spatio-Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Ingo Activities in Myanmar
Transparency in global fisheries governance
International Relations
Continuities and change in alcohol policy at the global level
Conserving What’s Left
Advocacy group effects in global governance
Lobbying the lobbyists
NGO participation in global governance institutions
Transnational partnerships’ strategies in global fisheries governance
Legislators and Regional Organizations
NGO interventions
Public–private partnerships in global climate governance
Transnational Linkages and Movement Communities
After the halcyon days
Values and Ethics of Global Civil Society Actors
Ratification of multilateral environmental agreements
Civil Society Influence on International Organizations
Revolutionary, advocate, agent, or authority
Beyond delegation size
What Role for Private Rule-Making in Global Environmental Governance? Analysing the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
Agency in earth system governance
Strengthening Green Global Governance in a Disparate World SocietyWould a World Environment Organisation Benefit the South
Open or closed meetings? Explaining nonstate actor involvement in the international climate change negotiations
Agency in international climate negotiations
The impact of environmental interest groups in international negotiations
Why International Organizations Differ in Their Output Productivity
Non-State Participation in International Organizations 1998–2017
Transnational Access to International Organizations 1950–2010
Transnational Actors and Great Powers during Order Transition
One Basin at a Time
NGO Influence in the Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol
Understanding Disenfranchisement
Promoting International Environmental Cooperation Through Unilateral Action
How Regime Theory and the Economic Theory of International Environmental Cooperation Can Learn from Each Other
Nonstate Influence in the International Whaling Commission, 1970–1990
Mapping Institutional Linkages in European Air Pollution Politics
Negotiating the Nagoya Protocol
Two Steps Forward, One Step Backward
NGO Influence in International Environmental Negotiations
Is There a Democracy–Civil Society Paradox in Global Environmental Governance
Environmental Organizations
Global Environmental Change and the Nation State
Contesting Privatization
Judicial Institution Builders
Seeking justice
Global Civil Society and Democratization of World Politics
Years of Global Environmental Assessments
The role of science in NGO mediated conservation
From governance to government
Das Verhältnis von Nichtregierungsorganisationen und privaten Unternehmen in der globalen Umwelt‐, Menschenrechts- und Sicherheitspolitik
Why do activists lobby institutions that have already reformed? Modelling target selection and learning in NGO advocacy
NGOs in WTO Talks
Responsiveness or Influence? Whom to Lobby in International Climate Change Negotiations
Humanitarianism that harms’
Ingo affiliate’s dual legitimacy in institutional environments with multiple dimensions for social welfare practice
Shifting paradigms
Regimes, Public Spheres and Global Democracy
Coloniality of Epistemic Power in International Practices
Non-governmental Organisations as Corporatist Mediator? An Analysis of NGOs in the Unesco System
Do institutions matter in the age of governance? The Jewish Agency as a metaphor
Between Functionality and Legitimacy
Cooperation, co-optation, competition, conflict
Towards Addressing Unintended Environmental Consequences
Could more civil society involvement increase public support for climate policy-making? Evidence from a survey experiment in China
Earth system governance’ as a crosscutting theme of global change research
Effects of civil society involvement on popular legitimacy of global environmental governance
Empowering NGOs? Long-term effects of ecological and institutional change on regional fisheries management organizations
Discourse Failures and the NGO Sector
Environmental Interest Groups and Authoritarian Regime Diversity
Fostering Environmental Integration in Public Aid
The Effectiveness of Environmental Civil Society Organizations
Inside international environmental organizations. Negotiating the greening of international politics
A red flag for public goods? The correlates of civil society restrictions
Contested meanings of environmentalism and national security in green Korea
Embryonic forms of private environmental governance in Northeast Asia
Financial Crisis and State–NGO Relations
Arresting the Killer in the Kitchen
Think Large and Act Small
Domestic Institutions, Trade Disputes, and the Monitoring and Enforcement of International Law
Bargaining over International Multilateral Agreements
The role of non-governmental organizations in global health diplomacy
The interest group analogy
Explaining cooperation between IGOs and NGOs – push factors, pull factors, and the policy cycle
Engaging North Korea
The role of Brazil in the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (Iccat)
Who participates in global environmental governance? Partial answers from international relations theory
The Interaction of Domestic and International Politics
The Interaction of Domestic and International Politics
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Rival States, Rival Firms
The Reformation of American Administrative Law
Knowledge, power, and international policy coordination
The borderless world
Environmental NGOs in World Politics
Bringing Transnational Relations Back In
International regimes, transactions, and change
Double-Edged Diplomacy
Transnational Activity, International Society and World Politics
Reconstructing World Politics
New global communities
Lobbying for the People
A vision for the world economy
The Policy Gridlock on Global Warming
New Ways to Make International Environmental Law
The State as a Conceptual Variable
Theory of international politics
Challenging conventional explanations of international cooperation
Diplomacy and domestic politics
Globalization and the changing logic of collective action
Congressional Oversight Overlooked
International regimes, transactions, and change
The Rise of the Nonprofit Sector
| Unique citing works | 152 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 5,43 |
| Citation span | 1998 - 2026 (29) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 148 |