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Ambivalent Sexism? Shifting Patterns of Gender Bias in Five Arab Countries

Bibliographic Data

ID6273846
AuthorsCalvert W Jones (0000-0002-8238-3337, University of Maryland, USA), Jocelyn Sage Mitchell (0000-0002-3374-9267, Northwestern University in Qatar, Qatar), Justin D Martins (0000-0003-0187-8424, Northwestern University in Qatar), Justin D Martin (Northwestern University in Qatar, Qatar)
Year2021
Volume65
Issue2
Pages277-293
Publication date2021-06-08
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Studies Quarterly (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0020-8833 • E-ISSN: 1468-2478
PublisherOxford University Press (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1093/isq/sqab007
OpenAlexW3130493859
LanguageEN
Citations received16
References cited96

While institutional support is growing for women in leadership positions across the Arab world, little is known about how rising numbers of women in roles of authority and expertise are being perceived. We examine how general theories of gender bias fit new data from a survey experiment spanning nationally representative samples in five Arab countries. The experiment captured how citizens judge women who adopt the stereotypically masculine role of a “hard-news” journalist. Results challenge conventional wisdom about the prevalence of classic sexism—a generalized antipathy toward women consistent with traditional definitions of prejudice. Instead, we find considerable support for ambivalent sexism, a more nuanced theory positing pro-male (hostile) as well as pro-female (benevolent) biases both detrimental to gender equality and requiring distinctive strategies to address. Although tentative, the findings also make a theoretical contribution suggesting that modernization processes may reverse gender biases, replacing classic patriarchy with so-called benevolent sexism rather than true gender-egalitarianism.Si bien el apoyo institucional a las mujeres en puestos de liderazgo está creciendo en el mundo árabe, poco se conoce acerca de cómo se perciben los números crecientes de mujeres en posiciones de autoridad y experiencia. Examinamos la manera en que las teorías generales de prejuicios de género se adaptan a los nuevos datos de una encuesta que abarca muestras representativas a nivel nacional en cinco países árabes. El experimento captó cómo los ciudadanos juzgan a las mujeres que adoptan el rol estereotípicamente masculino de periodistas de noticias duras. Los resultados desafían al conocimiento convencional acerca de la prevalencia del sexismo clásico, una antipatía generalizada hacia las mujeres que coincide con las definiciones tradicionales de prejuicio. En cambio, encontramos un apoyo considerable al sexismo ambivalente, una teoría más matizada que supone que los sesgos tanto en favor de los valores (hostiles) como en favor de las mujeres (benevolentes) son perjudiciales para la igualdad de género y requieren estrategias distintivas que abordar. A pesar de ser tentativos, los descubrimientos también hacen una contribución teórica que sugiere que los procesos de modernización pueden revertir los prejuicios de género, reemplazando el patriarcado clásico por el sexismo denominado “benevolente” en lugar de un verdadero igualitarismo de género.Bien que les institutions soutiennent de plus en plus les femmes pour qu'elles occupent des postes de direction dans le monde arabe, nous ne savons que peu de choses sur la manière dont les nombres croissants de femmes endossant des rôles de pouvoir et d'expertise sont perçus. Nous examinons la mesure dans laquelle les théories générales sur les préjugés de genre conviennent pour les nouvelles données d'une enquête expérimentale portant sur des échantillons nationalement représentatifs issus de cinq pays arabes. Cette enquête expérimentale a permis de saisir la manière dont les citoyens jugeaient les femmes adoptant un rôle stéréotypiquement masculin de journaliste traitant « d'informations sérieuses ». Les résultats remettent en question les idées reçues sur la prévalence du sexisme classique, une antipathie généralisée envers les femmes conforme aux définitions traditionnelles des préjugés. Au lieu de cela, nous avons constaté un soutien considérable d'un sexisme ambivalent, une théorie plus nuancée émettant le postulat que les partis pris pro-masculins (hostiles) ainsi que les partis pris pro-féminins (bienveillants) allaient tous deux au détriment de l’égalité des genres et qu'ils exigeaient des stratégies distinctives de traitement. Bien que ces résultats n'offrent qu'un début de réponse, ils apportent une contribution théorique suggérant que les processus de modernisation pouvaient inverser les préjugés de genre en remplaçant le patriarcat classique par un sexisme prétendument « bienveillant » plutôt que par un véritable égalitarisme des genres

Ambivalence · Antipathy · Art · Egalitarianism · Humanities · Political science · Politics · Prejudice (legal term · Sociology · Gender Diversity and Inequality · Gender Politics and Representation · Gender Roles and Identity Studies · Gender Studies · Law · Psychology · Social Psychology

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Unique citing works16
Citations per year3,2
Citation span2021 - 2026 (6)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 16
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