The Cognitive Effects of Experiencing and Observing Subtle Racial Discrimination
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 8096880 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Elise Ozier (Indiana University, corresponding author), Elise M Ozier (Indiana University), Valerie Jones Taylor (0000-0002-6930-4155, Lehigh University, corresponding author), Mary C Murphy (0000-0001-6511-498X, Indiana University) |
| Year | 2019 |
| Volume | 75 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 1087-1115 |
| Publication date | 2019-09-12 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Social Issues (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-4537 • E-ISSN: 1540-4560 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/josi.12349 |
| OpenAlex | W2973141179 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 25 |
| References cited | 81 |
Most research on the cognitive effects of subtle racial discrimination among racial and ethnic minorities focuses on direct experiences of it wherein stigmatized individuals are the targets of discriminatory treatment. However, it is not necessary for people to be the direct target of discriminatory behavior to experience the negative consequences associated with it. Although exposure to discriminatory behavior is increasingly common given the accessibility of smartphones and social media, we know relatively little about how this exposure affects people's executive functioning. Here, we provide a systematic, comparative review of the extant literature on the effects of (a) personally experiencing versus (b) observing instances of subtle racial discrimination toward others on three core executive functions: inhibition, shifting, and updating. We highlight where more work is needed to understand the cognitive consequences of observing discrimination and we provide initial evidence that observing subtle discrimination impairs updating—a previously unexplored relationship. Finally, we discuss the implications of executive function impairment due to observing and experiencing subtle discrimination for long‐term outcomes, such as academic achievement, employment, and mental health
Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Developmental psychology · Ethnic group · Extant taxon · Racial bias · Racism · Sociology · Cultural Differences and Values · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
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Self-reported Racial Discrimination and Substance Use in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Adults Study
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Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes
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Intergroup emotions
Perceived Discrimination and Substance Use in African American Parents and Their Children
Working memory capacity and the self-regulation of emotional expression and experience
Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans
A multidimensional conceptualization of racism-related stress
Converging evidence that stereotype threat reduces working memory capacity
Memory updating in working memory
Working memory as a predictor of written arithmetical skills in children
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| Unique citing works | 25 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,57 |
| Citation span | 2019 - 2026 (8) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 25 |