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The Phrygian Background of Kybele

Bibliographic Data

ID9205379
AuthorsBirgitte Bøgh (1Department of the Study of Religion and Danish National Research Foundation's Centre for Black Sea Studies, University of Aarhus, Tåsingegade 3, 8000 Århus C, Denmark;, Email: [email protected], corresponding author)
Year2007
Volume54
Issue3
Pages304-339
Publication date2007-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueNumen (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0029-5973 • E-ISSN: 1568-5276
PublisherWalter de Gruyter GmbH (PUBLISHER • DE)
DOI10.1163/156852707x211573
OpenAlexW2020638229
LanguageEN
Citations received7
References cited10

The cult of Kybele is well known from Greek and Roman sources and well-described in most modern literature on antique religions. The cult, however, is primarily known in its Roman version, which differs greatly from the cult in the ancient Phrygian homeland of Kybele. This article presents the latest research on this subject: iconography and roles, attendants relating to the goddess, cult places, rituals and worship, and transference of the cult from Phrygia to Greece. The Phrygian goddess, characterised by features of wild nature, was represented primarily by predatory birds, and she was worshipped in mountainous settings. Instead of portraying her as a typical Mother goddess associated with nature, fertility and procreation, new research has argued that her status as a Mother derives from her connection to the king, thus being the mother of the state and the throne. It is also maintained in the article that Attis is a late, Greek invention, and that the cult in Phrygia did not take the form of a mystery religion. In conclusion, it is suggested that the Black sea area played a role in the development and the dissemination of the cult

Ancient history · Archaeology · Art · Cult · Hittite language · Homeland · Iconography · Literature · Politics · State (computer science) · Theology · Throne · Worship · Archaeology and Historical Studies · Biblical Studies and Interpretation · Classics · Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies · History · Law · Philosophy

  • Culti rurali e culti urbani nella Bitinia ellenistica e romana

    Open Access•Ferdinando Ferraioli•ARYS Antigüedad Religiones y…•2021

  • Historiography of Studying the Cybele Cult in the Cimmerian Bosporus

    Open Access•Alexandra V Bykovskaya•Journal of historical philological…•2020

  • Phrygi̇a Şapkasinin Türki̇ye’den Kolombi̇ya’ya Yolculuğu/El Vi̇aje Del Gorro Fri̇gi̇o Desde Turquía Hasta Colombi̇A

    Önder Boyacı Yeşim Dilek-Hasan Bahar•Tarih okulu•2020

  • Le nekuomanteion du lac Averne I. L’origine de la tradition

    Open Access•Alaya Palamidis•Mythos•2022

  • An Idol-shaped Stele with an Old Phrygian Inscription in the Territory of Nakoleia

    Open Access•Rahşan TAMSÜ POLAT, Yusuf POLAT et al.•Gephyra•2020

  • Meter reliefs from Ephesos and the Obizzi Collection (KHM Wien). Archaeometric considerations on the production and trade of small-format marble objects in the Greek world

    Open Access•Anevlavi Vasiliki, Ladstätter Sabine et al.•Journal of Archaeological Science…•2023

  • Las "Peñas Sacras" de la Península Ibérica

    Open Access•Martín Almagro Gorbea•Complutum•2022

  • The Ancient Mother of the Gods a Missing Chapter in the History of Greek Religion

    Noel Robertson•Cybele, Attis and Related Cults•1996

  • The Name of Cybele’s Priests the “Galloi”

    Eugene N Lane•Cybele, Attis and Related Cults•1996

  • The Iron Age Background to the Formation of the Phrygian State

    Oscar White Muscarella•Bulletin of the American Schools…•1995

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    François Salviat•Bulletin de correspondance…•1964

  • Further considerations on the cult of Kybele

    Open Access•Maya Vassileva•Anatolian Studies•2001

  • The Cult of the Mother-Goddess

    W F Albright, E O James•The Classical World•1960

  • Hellenistic Religions

    Patricia Neils Boulter, Luther H Martins et al.•The Classical World•1989

  • Priests of the Goddess

    Will Roscoe•History of Religions•1996

  • Cybele and Attis. The Myth and the Cult

    Jon D Mikalson, Maarten J Vermaseren•The Classical World•1979

Unique citing works7
Citations per year1,17
Citation span2020 - 2023 (4)
Citation velocityhistorical
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 6
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