Victor Lavy
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1002822 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Victor Lavy |
| NOMBRES | Victor |
| APELLIDO | Lavy |
| FIRMA | LAVY V |
| AFILIACIONES | Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8657-9700 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 25 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 209 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 25 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1992 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
The Effect of Changes in the Skill Premium on College Degree Attainment and the Choice of Major
We study the impact of financial incentives on higher education decisions and the choice of major. We rely on a reform whereby Israeli kibbutzim shifted from their traditional policy of equal sharing to productivity-based wages, using for identification the staggered implementation of this reform. In this setting of very low initial returns to education, we find that the dramatic increase in the rate of return and its sharp variation across field…
Immigration and The Short- and Long-Term Impact of Improved Prenatal Conditions
This paper investigates the effects of immigration from a developing country to a developed country during pregnancy on offspring outcomes. We focus on intermediate- and long-term outcomes, using quasi-experimental variation created by the immigration of Ethiopian Jews to Israel in May 1991. Individuals conceived before immigration experienced dramatic changes in their environmental conditions at different stages of prenatal development depending…
Effects and Mechanisms of CEO Quality in Public Education
‘CEOs’ of public schools in many countries have authority and responsibilities that can greatly affect the quality of schooling. This paper estimates the impact of CEOs on student outcomes in Israeli elementary schools. We estimate CEO quality in two ways—once using schools that do not switch CEOs and once using schools that do. We show that switches are exogenous and are not correlated with potential outcomes. CEO quality positively affects stud…
Does Remedial Education in Late Childhood Pay Off After All? Long-Run Consequences for University Schooling, Labor Market Outcomes, and Intergenerational Mobility
We analyze the long-term effects of a high school remedial education program almost two decades after its implementation. Treated students experienced an 11% increase in completed years of postsecondary schooling, a 4% increase in annual earnings, and a significant increase in intergenerational income mobility. These gains reflect improvement of students mainly from below-median-income families. We conclude that the program had gains beyond the s…
Discrimination Between Religious and Non-Religious Groups
While religions frequently preach preferential treatment of fellow believers, the magnitude and economic implications of religiosity-based discrimination are largely unknown. Religiosity is often confounded with ethnicity, but it varies even within ethnicities and religious denominations. It is also seldom observed in administrative data. This paper exploits a setting that avoids these limitations. We analyse grading decisions in national matricu…
The Effect of Social Networks on Students' Academic and Non-cognitive Behavioural Outcomes
We investigate the impacts of separating students in Israel from pre-existing social relationships during the transition from elementary to middle school on their academic progress. We define several types of friendships using students’ self-defined friendship nomination and rely for identification on the random assignment of students to classes within a given school. Our results suggest that the number of friends has positive or negative effects…
On the origins of gender gaps in human capital
Paid Parental Leave and Children's Schooling Outcomes
This article investigates whether schooling outcomes at age 15 are affected by the duration of maternity leave, i.e. the time mothers spend at home with their new‐born before returning to work. We exploit an unanticipated reform in Austria which extended the maximum duration of paid and job protected parental leave from 12 to 24 months for births as of 1 July, 1990. Using PISA data from the cohorts 1990 and 1987, we find no significant overall im…
Do Differences in Schools’ Instruction Time Explain International Achievement Gaps? Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries
The time that children spend in school varies across countries. Do these differences explain international gaps in pupils' academic achievements? In this article I estimate the effects of instructional time on students' achievement using PISA 2006 data, which include data samples from over 50 countries. I find that instructional time has a positive and significant effect on test scores, and that the effect is much lower in developing countries. E…
Gender Differences in Market Competitiveness in a Real Workplace
Journal Article Gender Differences in Market Competitiveness in a Real Workplace: Evidence from Performance‐based Pay Tournaments among Teachers Get access Victor Lavy Victor Lavy Hebrew University, University of Warwick, CEPR and NBER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 123, Issue 569, 1 June 2013, Pages 540–573, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02542.x Published: 03 Septe…
The Good, the Bad, and the Average
We study ability peer effects in English secondary schools using data on four cohorts of students taking age-14 national tests and measuring peers’ ability by prior achievements at age 11. Our identification is based on within-pupil regressions exploiting variation in achievements across three compulsory subjects tested at age 14 and age 11. Using this novel strategy, we find significant and sizable negative effects arising from bad peers at the …
Inside the Black Box of Ability Peer Effects
Journal Article Inside the Black Box of Ability Peer Effects: Evidence from Variation in the Proportion of Low Achievers In the Classroom Get access Victor Lavy, Victor Lavy Hebrew University, University of Warwick, CEP, CEPR and NBER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Daniele Paserman, M. Daniele Paserman Boston University, NBER, CEPR and IZA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Googl…
Mechanisms and Impacts of Gender Peer Effects at School
We present in this paper evidence about the effects and mechanisms of gender peer effects in elementary, middle, and high schools. For identification, we rely on idiosyncratic variations in gender composition across adjacent cohorts within the same schools. We find that an increase in the proportion of girls improves boys and girls' cognitive outcomes. These academic gains are mediated through lower levels of classroom disruption and violence, im…
What Makes an Effective Teacher? Quasi-Experimental Evidence
This paper measures empirically the relationship between classroom teaching practices and student achievements. Based on primary-and middle-school data from Israel, I find very strong evidence that two important elements of teaching practices cause student achievements to improve. In particular, classroom teaching that emphasizes the instilment of knowledge and comprehension, often termed "traditional"-style teaching, has a very strong and positi…
Multiple Experiments for the Causal Link between the Quantity and Quality of Children
This article presents evidence on the child-quantity/child-quality trade-off using quasi-experimental variation due to twin births and preferences for a mixed sibling sex composition, as well as ethnic differences in the effects of these variables. Our sample includes groups with very high fertility. An innovation in our econometric approach is the juxtaposition of results from multiple instrumental variables strategies, capturing the effects of …
The Effects of High Stakes High School Achievement Awards
The Israeli matriculation certificate is a prerequisite for most postsecondary schooling. In a randomized trial, we attempted to increase certification rates among low-achievers with cash incentives. The experiment used a school-based randomization design offering awards to all who passed their exams in treated schools. This led to a substantial increase in certification rates for girls but had no effect on boys. Affected girls had a relatively h…
Does Immigration Affect the Long‐Term Educational Outcomes of Natives? Quasi‐Experimental Evidence
This article uses the mass migration wave to Israel in the 1990s to examine the impact of immigrant concentration during elementary school on the long-term academic outcomes of native students in high school. The results suggest that the overall presence of immigrants in a grade had an adverse effect on the chances of passing the high school matriculation exam, which is necessary to attend college. This result is robust to a variety of alternativ…
Do gender stereotypes reduce girls' or boys' human capital outcomes? Evidence from a natural experiment
Evaluating the Effect of Teachers’ Group Performance Incentives on Pupil Achievement
Proposals to use teachers' performance incentives have recently attracted considerable attention. However, there is very little experience with applying incentives in schools. This paper provides evidence on the causal effects of two programs: the first provided the school and its teachers with monetary performance incentives and the second with additional conventional resources. The assignment of schools to the two programs was not random; there…
New Evidence on Classroom Computers and Pupil Learning
How technology affects learning has been at the centre of recent debates over educational inputs. In 1994, the Israeli State Lottery sponsored the installation of computers in many elementary and middle schools. This programme provides an opportunity to estimate the impact of computerisation on both the instructional use of computers and pupil achievement. Results from a survey of Israeli school‐teachers show that the influx of new computers incr…
Child Health and School Enrollment
Better child health is widely thought to improve school performance, and therefore post-school productivity. But most of the literature ignores that child health as well as child schooling reflects behavioral choices. Therefore the estimated impact of child health on child schooling in these studies may be biased, perhaps substantially. This study employs longitudinal data to investigate the impact of child health (as indicated by nutritional sta…
Using Maimonides' Rule to Estimate the Effect of Class Size on Scholastic Achievement
The twelfth century rabbinic scholar Maimonides proposed a maximum class size of 40. This same maximum induces a nonlinear and nonmonotonic relationship between grade enrollment and class size in Israeli public schools today. Maimonides' rule of 40 is used here to construct instrumental variables estimates of effects of class size on test scores. The resulting identification strategy can be viewed as an application of Donald Campbell's regression…
Disparities between Arabs and Jews in School Resources and Student Achievement in Israel
School supply constraints and children's educational outcomes in rural Ghana
External debt and structural adjustment
During the 1960s and the early 1970s, Turkey followed an economic strategy of 'inward oriented' growth based on protectionism and import substitution. This commercial policy was directed toward the ultimate goal of 'economic independence' for Turkey. The reliance on extensive foreign loans to finance this strategy in the 1960s led to a 'minicrisis' of payments in 1968-69. To resolve the crisis, Turkey imposed further restrictions on international…
Does Immigration Affect the Long‐Term Educational Outcomes of Natives? Quasi‐Experimental Evidence
This article uses the mass migration wave to Israel in the 1990s to examine the impact of immigrant concentration during elementary school on the long-term academic outcomes of native students in high school. The results suggest that the overall presence of immigrants in a grade had an adverse effect on the chances of passing the high school matriculation exam, which is necessary to attend college. This result is robust to a variety of alternativ…
Evaluating the Effect of Teachers’ Group Performance Incentives on Pupil Achievement
Proposals to use teachers' performance incentives have recently attracted considerable attention. However, there is very little experience with applying incentives in schools. This paper provides evidence on the causal effects of two programs: the first provided the school and its teachers with monetary performance incentives and the second with additional conventional resources. The assignment of schools to the two programs was not random; there…
Do Differences in Schools’ Instruction Time Explain International Achievement Gaps? Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries
The time that children spend in school varies across countries. Do these differences explain international gaps in pupils' academic achievements? In this article I estimate the effects of instructional time on students' achievement using PISA 2006 data, which include data samples from over 50 countries. I find that instructional time has a positive and significant effect on test scores, and that the effect is much lower in developing countries. E…
Inside the Black Box of Ability Peer Effects
Journal Article Inside the Black Box of Ability Peer Effects: Evidence from Variation in the Proportion of Low Achievers In the Classroom Get access Victor Lavy, Victor Lavy Hebrew University, University of Warwick, CEP, CEPR and NBER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Daniele Paserman, M. Daniele Paserman Boston University, NBER, CEPR and IZA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Googl…
School supply constraints and children's educational outcomes in rural Ghana
New Evidence on Classroom Computers and Pupil Learning
How technology affects learning has been at the centre of recent debates over educational inputs. In 1994, the Israeli State Lottery sponsored the installation of computers in many elementary and middle schools. This programme provides an opportunity to estimate the impact of computerisation on both the instructional use of computers and pupil achievement. Results from a survey of Israeli school‐teachers show that the influx of new computers incr…
Paid Parental Leave and Children's Schooling Outcomes
This article investigates whether schooling outcomes at age 15 are affected by the duration of maternity leave, i.e. the time mothers spend at home with their new‐born before returning to work. We exploit an unanticipated reform in Austria which extended the maximum duration of paid and job protected parental leave from 12 to 24 months for births as of 1 July, 1990. Using PISA data from the cohorts 1990 and 1987, we find no significant overall im…
The Effect of Social Networks on Students' Academic and Non-cognitive Behavioural Outcomes
We investigate the impacts of separating students in Israel from pre-existing social relationships during the transition from elementary to middle school on their academic progress. We define several types of friendships using students’ self-defined friendship nomination and rely for identification on the random assignment of students to classes within a given school. Our results suggest that the number of friends has positive or negative effects…
Gender Differences in Market Competitiveness in a Real Workplace
Journal Article Gender Differences in Market Competitiveness in a Real Workplace: Evidence from Performance‐based Pay Tournaments among Teachers Get access Victor Lavy Victor Lavy Hebrew University, University of Warwick, CEPR and NBER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 123, Issue 569, 1 June 2013, Pages 540–573, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02542.x Published: 03 Septe…
Effects and Mechanisms of CEO Quality in Public Education
‘CEOs’ of public schools in many countries have authority and responsibilities that can greatly affect the quality of schooling. This paper estimates the impact of CEOs on student outcomes in Israeli elementary schools. We estimate CEO quality in two ways—once using schools that do not switch CEOs and once using schools that do. We show that switches are exogenous and are not correlated with potential outcomes. CEO quality positively affects stud…
Discrimination Between Religious and Non-Religious Groups
While religions frequently preach preferential treatment of fellow believers, the magnitude and economic implications of religiosity-based discrimination are largely unknown. Religiosity is often confounded with ethnicity, but it varies even within ethnicities and religious denominations. It is also seldom observed in administrative data. This paper exploits a setting that avoids these limitations. We analyse grading decisions in national matricu…
Disparities between Arabs and Jews in School Resources and Student Achievement in Israel
External debt and structural adjustment
During the 1960s and the early 1970s, Turkey followed an economic strategy of 'inward oriented' growth based on protectionism and import substitution. This commercial policy was directed toward the ultimate goal of 'economic independence' for Turkey. The reliance on extensive foreign loans to finance this strategy in the 1960s led to a 'minicrisis' of payments in 1968-69. To resolve the crisis, Turkey imposed further restrictions on international…
External debt and structural adjustment
During the 1960s and the early 1970s, Turkey followed an economic strategy of 'inward oriented' growth based on protectionism and import substitution. This commercial policy was directed toward the ultimate goal of 'economic independence' for Turkey. The reliance on extensive foreign loans to finance this strategy in the 1960s led to a 'minicrisis' of payments in 1968-69. To resolve the crisis, Turkey imposed further restrictions on international…
School supply constraints and children's educational outcomes in rural Ghana
Disparities between Arabs and Jews in School Resources and Student Achievement in Israel
Using Maimonides' Rule to Estimate the Effect of Class Size on Scholastic Achievement
The twelfth century rabbinic scholar Maimonides proposed a maximum class size of 40. This same maximum induces a nonlinear and nonmonotonic relationship between grade enrollment and class size in Israeli public schools today. Maimonides' rule of 40 is used here to construct instrumental variables estimates of effects of class size on test scores. The resulting identification strategy can be viewed as an application of Donald Campbell's regression…
Child Health and School Enrollment
Better child health is widely thought to improve school performance, and therefore post-school productivity. But most of the literature ignores that child health as well as child schooling reflects behavioral choices. Therefore the estimated impact of child health on child schooling in these studies may be biased, perhaps substantially. This study employs longitudinal data to investigate the impact of child health (as indicated by nutritional sta…
Evaluating the Effect of Teachers’ Group Performance Incentives on Pupil Achievement
Proposals to use teachers' performance incentives have recently attracted considerable attention. However, there is very little experience with applying incentives in schools. This paper provides evidence on the causal effects of two programs: the first provided the school and its teachers with monetary performance incentives and the second with additional conventional resources. The assignment of schools to the two programs was not random; there…
New Evidence on Classroom Computers and Pupil Learning
How technology affects learning has been at the centre of recent debates over educational inputs. In 1994, the Israeli State Lottery sponsored the installation of computers in many elementary and middle schools. This programme provides an opportunity to estimate the impact of computerisation on both the instructional use of computers and pupil achievement. Results from a survey of Israeli school‐teachers show that the influx of new computers incr…
Do gender stereotypes reduce girls' or boys' human capital outcomes? Evidence from a natural experiment
The Effects of High Stakes High School Achievement Awards
The Israeli matriculation certificate is a prerequisite for most postsecondary schooling. In a randomized trial, we attempted to increase certification rates among low-achievers with cash incentives. The experiment used a school-based randomization design offering awards to all who passed their exams in treated schools. This led to a substantial increase in certification rates for girls but had no effect on boys. Affected girls had a relatively h…
Does Immigration Affect the Long‐Term Educational Outcomes of Natives? Quasi‐Experimental Evidence
This article uses the mass migration wave to Israel in the 1990s to examine the impact of immigrant concentration during elementary school on the long-term academic outcomes of native students in high school. The results suggest that the overall presence of immigrants in a grade had an adverse effect on the chances of passing the high school matriculation exam, which is necessary to attend college. This result is robust to a variety of alternativ…
Multiple Experiments for the Causal Link between the Quantity and Quality of Children
This article presents evidence on the child-quantity/child-quality trade-off using quasi-experimental variation due to twin births and preferences for a mixed sibling sex composition, as well as ethnic differences in the effects of these variables. Our sample includes groups with very high fertility. An innovation in our econometric approach is the juxtaposition of results from multiple instrumental variables strategies, capturing the effects of …
Mechanisms and Impacts of Gender Peer Effects at School
We present in this paper evidence about the effects and mechanisms of gender peer effects in elementary, middle, and high schools. For identification, we rely on idiosyncratic variations in gender composition across adjacent cohorts within the same schools. We find that an increase in the proportion of girls improves boys and girls' cognitive outcomes. These academic gains are mediated through lower levels of classroom disruption and violence, im…
What Makes an Effective Teacher? Quasi-Experimental Evidence
This paper measures empirically the relationship between classroom teaching practices and student achievements. Based on primary-and middle-school data from Israel, I find very strong evidence that two important elements of teaching practices cause student achievements to improve. In particular, classroom teaching that emphasizes the instilment of knowledge and comprehension, often termed "traditional"-style teaching, has a very strong and positi…
The Good, the Bad, and the Average
We study ability peer effects in English secondary schools using data on four cohorts of students taking age-14 national tests and measuring peers’ ability by prior achievements at age 11. Our identification is based on within-pupil regressions exploiting variation in achievements across three compulsory subjects tested at age 14 and age 11. Using this novel strategy, we find significant and sizable negative effects arising from bad peers at the …
Inside the Black Box of Ability Peer Effects
Journal Article Inside the Black Box of Ability Peer Effects: Evidence from Variation in the Proportion of Low Achievers In the Classroom Get access Victor Lavy, Victor Lavy Hebrew University, University of Warwick, CEP, CEPR and NBER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Daniele Paserman, M. Daniele Paserman Boston University, NBER, CEPR and IZA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Googl…
Gender Differences in Market Competitiveness in a Real Workplace
Journal Article Gender Differences in Market Competitiveness in a Real Workplace: Evidence from Performance‐based Pay Tournaments among Teachers Get access Victor Lavy Victor Lavy Hebrew University, University of Warwick, CEPR and NBER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 123, Issue 569, 1 June 2013, Pages 540–573, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02542.x Published: 03 Septe…
Do Differences in Schools’ Instruction Time Explain International Achievement Gaps? Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries
The time that children spend in school varies across countries. Do these differences explain international gaps in pupils' academic achievements? In this article I estimate the effects of instructional time on students' achievement using PISA 2006 data, which include data samples from over 50 countries. I find that instructional time has a positive and significant effect on test scores, and that the effect is much lower in developing countries. E…
On the origins of gender gaps in human capital
Paid Parental Leave and Children's Schooling Outcomes
This article investigates whether schooling outcomes at age 15 are affected by the duration of maternity leave, i.e. the time mothers spend at home with their new‐born before returning to work. We exploit an unanticipated reform in Austria which extended the maximum duration of paid and job protected parental leave from 12 to 24 months for births as of 1 July, 1990. Using PISA data from the cohorts 1990 and 1987, we find no significant overall im…
The Effect of Social Networks on Students' Academic and Non-cognitive Behavioural Outcomes
We investigate the impacts of separating students in Israel from pre-existing social relationships during the transition from elementary to middle school on their academic progress. We define several types of friendships using students’ self-defined friendship nomination and rely for identification on the random assignment of students to classes within a given school. Our results suggest that the number of friends has positive or negative effects…
Does Remedial Education in Late Childhood Pay Off After All? Long-Run Consequences for University Schooling, Labor Market Outcomes, and Intergenerational Mobility
We analyze the long-term effects of a high school remedial education program almost two decades after its implementation. Treated students experienced an 11% increase in completed years of postsecondary schooling, a 4% increase in annual earnings, and a significant increase in intergenerational income mobility. These gains reflect improvement of students mainly from below-median-income families. We conclude that the program had gains beyond the s…
Discrimination Between Religious and Non-Religious Groups
While religions frequently preach preferential treatment of fellow believers, the magnitude and economic implications of religiosity-based discrimination are largely unknown. Religiosity is often confounded with ethnicity, but it varies even within ethnicities and religious denominations. It is also seldom observed in administrative data. This paper exploits a setting that avoids these limitations. We analyse grading decisions in national matricu…
Effects and Mechanisms of CEO Quality in Public Education
‘CEOs’ of public schools in many countries have authority and responsibilities that can greatly affect the quality of schooling. This paper estimates the impact of CEOs on student outcomes in Israeli elementary schools. We estimate CEO quality in two ways—once using schools that do not switch CEOs and once using schools that do. We show that switches are exogenous and are not correlated with potential outcomes. CEO quality positively affects stud…
The Effect of Changes in the Skill Premium on College Degree Attainment and the Choice of Major
We study the impact of financial incentives on higher education decisions and the choice of major. We rely on a reform whereby Israeli kibbutzim shifted from their traditional policy of equal sharing to productivity-based wages, using for identification the staggered implementation of this reform. In this setting of very low initial returns to education, we find that the dramatic increase in the rate of return and its sharp variation across field…
Immigration and The Short- and Long-Term Impact of Improved Prenatal Conditions
This paper investigates the effects of immigration from a developing country to a developed country during pregnancy on offspring outcomes. We focus on intermediate- and long-term outcomes, using quasi-experimental variation created by the immigration of Ethiopian Jews to Israel in May 1991. Individuals conceived before immigration experienced dramatic changes in their environmental conditions at different stages of prenatal development depending…
Psychology (19 obras) · School Choice and Performance (18 obras) · Economics (16 obras) · Demographic economics (10 obras) · Mathematics education (10 obras) · Political science (9 obras) · Economic growth (7 obras) · Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare (6 obras) · Social Psychology (6 obras) · Sociology (6 obras)