Osamu Kondo
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 101321 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Osamu Kondo |
| NOMBRES | Osamu |
| APELLIDO | Kondo |
| FIRMA | KONDO O |
| AFILIACIONES | The University of Tokyo |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9729-1446 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 47 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 290 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 47 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1993 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Development of preauricular grooves after childbirth in present-day females
Development of the preauricular groove has long been used as an osteological indicator of pregnancy and childbirth despite inconsistent evidence. To retrospectively evaluate the development of preauricular groove, we measured the preauricular groove volume based on pelvic computed tomography (CT) images before and after childbirth and examined its relationship to obstetric history including gravidity, parity, and the number of miscarriages. Longi…
Not fast, slow occlusal wear in Jomon hunter-gatherers
Dental wear refers to the gradual loss of dental hard tissues, and its patterns are greatly affected by dietary habits. This study examined dental wear in the Jomon people, prehistoric hunter-gatherers of the Japanese archipelago, to determine whether molar wear rate was relatively fast or slow compared with that of other hunter-gatherer populations with different dietary habits. To evaluate the rate of dental wear, we used average score differen…
Preauricular grooves on Japanese female skeletal remains in Edo as a bioarchaeological indicator in population studies
Diversity in matrilineages among the Jomon individuals of Japan
The genetic diversity within the population was not found to be low even in the Initial Jomon period
Taphonomic observation of Jomon human skeletal remains from a collective burial of the Gongenbara shell-mound, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
To evaluate burial customs in the Jomon period of Japan, we observed the taphonomic sig natures of human bones from a secondary collective burial and compared them with those from in dividual burials. We compared the compositions of identified bone parts, degree of weathering, and damage of the bone surfaces based on two neighboring shell-mound sites, Gongenbara and Horinouchi in Chiba Prefecture; a famous secondary collective burial had previous…
Taphonomic analysis of ‘scratches’ on medieval human crania from the Zaimokuza site, Kamakura, Japan
Three excavations in the 1950s of the Zaimokuza site in Kamakura, Japan, uncovered human skeletal remains, mainly crania, of a large number of individuals buried in mass graves. Materials from the first and second excavations were previously reported as being victims of Nitta Yoshisada’s siege of Kamakura (1333) in part due to the high incidence of weapon-related trauma. Recent archaeological excavations in the area near the site have shown that …
Ritual tooth ablation in and dentometric assessment of a newly discovered collective burial at the Hobi shell-mound site, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
Ritual tooth ablation was a characteristic form of body expression for the prehistoric Jomon people. During the 2010–2013 excavation at the Hobi shell-mound site, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, a new case of secondary collective burial, banjo-shuseki-bo, was discovered, in which additional cases of ritual tooth ablation were present in human skeletal remains. Here we describe the morphology and tooth extraction status of individual mandibles, and asses…
Newly discovered banjo-shuseki-bo (square-shaped bone-pile burial) human bones from the Final Jomon Period Hobi shell-mound site, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
Banjo-shuseki-bo, unique accumulations of human bones among Jomon collective secondary burials, have been found intensively in the Final Jomon Period Mikawa region of Aichi Prefecture. At the Hobi shell-mound site in Tahara City (c. 3000–2400 BP), two cases of banjo-shuseki-bo have been so far documented, referred to as Ichi-go-shuseki (Accumulation No. 1) and B-shuseki (Accumulation B). During the 2010–2013 excavations at the Hobi site, we disco…
Human skeletal remains from Hasankeyf Höyük, a sedentary hunter-gatherer site in southeast Anatolia
Although early Neolithic Anatolia is a key region for the development of sedentary society by modern humans, osteological studies are limited to specimens from the later period or from other regions such as southern Levant. We examined nearly 100 human skeletal remains from Hasankeyf Höyük, a Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) site in southeastern Anatolia, which were uncovered during an excavation between 2011 and 2015. A total of 124 individuals we…
Complete mitochondrial genome sequencing reveals double-buried Jomon individuals excavated from the Ikawazu shell-mound site were not in a mother–child relationship
A draft whole genome sequence of a Jomon woman from the Ikawazu shell-mound site has been reported recently. The adult woman, IK002, was excavated with a child, IK001. Because of the burial situation with the child located above the adult, the two individuals were thought to be a mother–child relationship. In this study, we conducted a target capture sequencing, and obtained 258-fold coverage of the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of …
Periodontal disease in the Neolithic Jomon
This paper examines periodontal disease as well as other oral health indicators of the Jomon population in order to understand variations in their lifestyle and their response to dietary diversity. The oral conditions of three Jomon populations in Late Jomon period are evaluated using two periodontal indicators, namely the distance measured between the cement–enamel junction to the alveolar crest (CEJ-AC distance), and the degree of inflammation …
Digital Reconstruction of Neanderthal and Early Homo sapiens Endocasts
A female human skeleton from the Initial Jomon period found in the Iyai rock shelter in mountainous Kanto, Japan
A new excavation of the Iyai rock-shelter site has uncovered more than a dozen human skeletal remains from the Initial Jomon period. We describe here an almost complete female skeleton (Iyai 1), and examine this in the context of morphological variation in Jomon females, especially those of the Initial Jomon period. Two radiocarbon dates based on the Iyai 1 skeletal samples show a calibrated date c. 8300–8200 calBP, belonging to the later part of…
Preference for fish in a Neolithic hunter-gatherer community of the upper Tigris, elucidated by amino acid δ15N analysis
Regional variations in the Jomon population revisited on craniofacial morphology
Considering the geographical setting of the Japanese archipelago at the periphery of the Asian continent, regional variation in Jomon phenotypes can be interpreted as an outcome of population history. In this paper, we focused on regional variation in the Jomon craniofacial morphology and assumed that the observed regional differences were a reflection of the formation process of the Jomon population, which is a mixture of intrinsic expansion of …
Expansion of vertebral tuberculosis into Hokkaido
An informative prior probability distribution of the gompertz parameters for bayesian approaches in paleodemography
OBJECTIVES: In paleodemography, the Bayesian approach has been suggested to provide an effective means by which mortality profiles of past populations can be adequately estimated, and thus avoid problems of "age-mimicry" inherent in conventional approaches. In this study, we propose an application of the Gompertz model using an "informative" prior probability distribution by revising a recent example of the Bayesian approach based on an "uninform…
Maximum likelihood estimate of life expectancy in the prehistoric Jomon
Recent theoretical progress potentially refutes past claims that paleodemographic estimations are flawed by statistical problems, including age mimicry and sample bias due to differential preservation. The life expectancy at age 15 of the Jomon period prehistoric populace in Japan was initially estimated to have been ∼16 years while a more recent analysis suggested 31.5 years. In this study, we provide alternative results based on a new methodolo…
Size and placement of developing anterior teeth in immature N eanderthal mandibles from D ederiyeh C ave, S yria
Evolutionary and functional significance of the human chin has long been explored from various perspectives including masticatory biomechanics, speech, and anterior tooth size. Recent ontogenetic studies have indicated that the spatial position of internally forming anterior teeth partially constrains adult mandibular symphyseal morphology. The present study therefore preliminarily examined the size and placement of developing anterior teeth in i…
Virtual reconstruction of the Neanderthal Amud 1 cranium
This new computer reconstruction enables not only measurement of new cranial metrics, but also inclusion of the Amud 1 specimen in three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses that were previously difficult due to its incompleteness. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:185-197, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
The diet of townspeople in the city of Edo
Individual dietary differences (e.g. sex, age, period, and region) among townspeople during the Edo period are unclear, although the historical literature describes the general dietary menu. We applied carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses to 103 adult human skeletons excavated from the Ikenohata-Shichikencho site of the Edo period (late 17th to late 19th century AD) in Japan to investigate individual dietary differences among townspeople i…
Early Human Decapitation, 11,700-10,700 cal bp, within the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Village of Tell Qaramel, North Syria
The process and timing of skull removal remains poorly understood by researchers. New archaeological and skeletal analysis from two skeletons from the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Tell Qaramel, northern Syria, highlights that Neolithic villagers used stone tools to physically decapitate the dead. Drawing upon cutmarks on the axis and the mandible from primary and secondary burials, we employed a scanning electron microscope to document how…
Cerebellar Size Estimation from Endocranial Measurements
Virtual Endocast of Qafzeh 9
Human age estimation from lower-canine pulp volume ratio based on Bayes’ theorem with modern Japanese population as prior distribution
Pulp volume decreases throughout life owing to secondary dentin deposition. Here, we present a Bayesian approach for human age estimation on the basis of the pulp volume ratio from lower-canine teeth. We measured the pulp and tooth volumes of 363 subjects (209 males, 154 females) of known age based on three-dimensional imageries from microcomputed tomography scans. Pulp volume ratio was defined as pulp/tooth volume within the root portion (PVRrt)…
Neanderthal infant burial from the Dederiyeh cave in Syria
Une sépulture bien préservée d'un enfant Néandertal fut trouvée en 1993 dans la grotte de Dederyeh en Syrie. Les restes de cet enfant, environ deux ans d'âge, ont été dégagés dans les dépôts moustériens. La position du dos, les bras étendus et les jambes fléchies indiquent une sépulture intentionelle. Cette sépulture apporte de nouvelles données sur l'association entre les Néandertals et l'industrie de type Tabun В ainsi que sur la distribution d…
New Discovery of a Neanderthal Child Burial from the Dederiyeh Cave in Syria
Une seconde sépulture d'enfant néanderthalien a été mise au jour dans la grotte de Dederiyeh en Syrie lors de la campagne de fouilles 1997-1998. Les restes humains ont été déposés dans une fosse creusée dans un niveau moustérien. Des observations préliminaires indiquent que le squelette de cet enfant partage de nombreux traits anatomiques avec celui de l'enfant découvert en 1993 dans une première sépulture et que les deux individus relèvent de la…
Ainu and Ryukyuan Cranial Nonmetric Variation
Presence or absence of 22 nonmetric traits was recorded in the crania from the islands of Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima of the Ryukyu Islands. Their trait-frequency patterns were compared with the samples from East/Southeast Asia and the world using Smith's Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) statistic, principal coordinate analysis, and neighbor-joining clustering algorithm. The results indicated that the Ryukyuan samples aligned with the East/Sout…
The Skulls of Ubayama Shell-mounds. II. An Analysis of Intra- and Inter-regional Variation of the Jomon Population
Inter-regional comparative studies of cranial morphology depend upon composite specimens constructed according to the standards chosen by the writers. Although there have been many reports about variations within the so-called “Jomon population, ” very few have taken up the issue of the validity of the regional classification. In this study, Mahalanobis' D2s are calculated from metric and non- metric data to evaluate the intra- and inter-regional…
Craniometric divergence history of the Japanese populations
The Japan Islands, a small island chain on the western rim of the circum-Pacific region, have experienced several cultural contacts and human migrations from northern and eastern continental Asia. In this study, craniometric diversification of Asian peoples was assessed using the R-matrix method based on 21 metric traits in 25 representative male and female samples of prehistoric and modern northeastern and eastern Asians, including inhabitants o…
Flatness of Facial Skeletons of Ryukyuans
Following the method of Yamaguchi (1973), a series of facial flatness measurements were taken from crania from the islands of Amami, Okinawa and Sakishima of the Ryukyu Islands. These measurements were compared with each other and with measurements of cranial series from other Japanese Islands, insular and continental Northeast Asia and Europe. Among the three Ryukyuan samples, the facial skeletons of Sakishima are least flattened. Nevertheless, …
The Neanderthal Remains from Dederiyeh Cave, Syria
Dederiyeh No. 2, a large cave site in northwestern Syria, was chosen for excavation after an extensive reconnaissance survey in the Afrin region in 1987 under the Syrian-Japan joint expedition. The cave is about 60km NW of Aleppo, the second largest city of Syria. The preliminary excavations of 1989 and 1990 uncovered a number of fragmentary human remains as well as rich lithic and faunal assemblages. The lithic industries of the cave are compose…
A Human Skeleton of the Early Phase of the Okhotsk Culture Unearthed at the Hamanaka-2 Site, Rebun Island, Hokkaido
A burial site of the early phase of the Okhotsk culture was found at the Hamanaka-2 site, Rebun Island, Hokkaido, from which an adult female human skeleton was unearthed. This is the oldest extant human remains from the Okhotsk culture. Both measurements and nonmetric traits of the skeleton showed that she has common physical characteristics with the Northern Mongoloid populations. Because her skeletal morphology shows a contrast to those of the …
Virtual reconstruction of the Neanderthal Amud 1 cranium
This new computer reconstruction enables not only measurement of new cranial metrics, but also inclusion of the Amud 1 specimen in three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses that were previously difficult due to its incompleteness. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:185-197, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Early Human Decapitation, 11,700-10,700 cal bp, within the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Village of Tell Qaramel, North Syria
The process and timing of skull removal remains poorly understood by researchers. New archaeological and skeletal analysis from two skeletons from the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Tell Qaramel, northern Syria, highlights that Neolithic villagers used stone tools to physically decapitate the dead. Drawing upon cutmarks on the axis and the mandible from primary and secondary burials, we employed a scanning electron microscope to document how…
Bone histomorphology of the Dederiyeh Neanderthal child
To clarify bone formation and growth in Neanderthal children, we prepared a femoral midshaft cross-section of the Dederiyeh 1 Neanderthal child (ca. 2 years old) discovered in Syria, and compared its bone histomorphology with that of modern children aged 0–6 years. Bone histomorphometry was performed with regard to six parameters, i.e. cortical width, percent osteonal bone, osteon population density, non-Haversian canal population density, second…
An Analysis of Ainu Population Structure, Based on Cranial Morphology
Craniometric analyses were employed to assess the degree of variation among previously recognized Ainu populations. Heterogeneity among populations was evaluated by calculating the contribution of among-group variation to total variation. The analyses were designed to investigate the hierarchical population structure represented by River groups within Province groups. River groups were defined in previous ethnological studies and were regarded as…
The diet of townspeople in the city of Edo
Individual dietary differences (e.g. sex, age, period, and region) among townspeople during the Edo period are unclear, although the historical literature describes the general dietary menu. We applied carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses to 103 adult human skeletons excavated from the Ikenohata-Shichikencho site of the Edo period (late 17th to late 19th century AD) in Japan to investigate individual dietary differences among townspeople i…
Regional variations in the Jomon population revisited on craniofacial morphology
Considering the geographical setting of the Japanese archipelago at the periphery of the Asian continent, regional variation in Jomon phenotypes can be interpreted as an outcome of population history. In this paper, we focused on regional variation in the Jomon craniofacial morphology and assumed that the observed regional differences were a reflection of the formation process of the Jomon population, which is a mixture of intrinsic expansion of …
Three-dimensional craniofacial variation and occlusal wear severity among inhabitants of Hokkaido
Hokkaido is an intriguing region for studies of population history in Japan because of its geographical position both at the periphery in the Japanese archipelago and at the gateway to the northeastern Eurasian continent. This paper focuses on the biological relationship between two populations, Okhotsk culture people and Ainu, and investigates craniofacial variation and dental wear severity between and within the populations. Fifty-six anatomica…
Intra- and Interobserver Errors in Facial Flatness Measurements
This study examines intra-and interobserver errors in the facial flatness measurements defined by Yamaguchi (1973) using two-way ANOVA with replication.The sample used consists of 10 recent Japanese skulls from Tohoku District.These skulls are measured twice by each of 6 observers.The interactions between skulls and observers are significant in the frontal chord, the simotic subtense, and the zygomaxillary chord.In the latter 2 items, interobserv…
Skulls of Ubayama Shell-mounds. I. Morphological Description and Univariate Comparison
Both metric and non-metric morphological data have been obtained for skull samples from the Ubayama shell-mounds, a rich source of archeological specimens from the Jomon period in the Kanto district of Japan. All the useable skull specimens were measured, and these data were compared to those from other sites, Tsukumo, Yoshiko, etc. Some regional differences were found, notably in the height and curvature of the cranial vault, and orbital and man…
Size and placement of developing anterior teeth in immature N eanderthal mandibles from D ederiyeh C ave, S yria
Evolutionary and functional significance of the human chin has long been explored from various perspectives including masticatory biomechanics, speech, and anterior tooth size. Recent ontogenetic studies have indicated that the spatial position of internally forming anterior teeth partially constrains adult mandibular symphyseal morphology. The present study therefore preliminarily examined the size and placement of developing anterior teeth in i…
Morphometric Data on the Skulls of Ubayama Shell-mounds
Metric raw data and associated information on the skulls from Ubayama shell-mounds, a site in Chiba Prefecture of the Middle and Late Jomon periods, are presented
Ritual tooth ablation in and dentometric assessment of a newly discovered collective burial at the Hobi shell-mound site, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
Ritual tooth ablation was a characteristic form of body expression for the prehistoric Jomon people. During the 2010–2013 excavation at the Hobi shell-mound site, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, a new case of secondary collective burial, banjo-shuseki-bo, was discovered, in which additional cases of ritual tooth ablation were present in human skeletal remains. Here we describe the morphology and tooth extraction status of individual mandibles, and asses…
Estimation of stature from the skeletal reconstruction of an immature Neandertal from Dederiyeh Cave, Syria
Dental calculus and other dental disease in a human skeleton of the Okhotsk Culture unearthed at Hamanaka‐2 site, Rebun‐Island, Hokkaido, Japan
A human skeleton of the Okhotsk Culture from the Hamanaka‐2 site of Rebun Island, northern part of Hokkaido, was found with abnormally large deposits of dental calculus, especially on the right upper 2nd and 3rd molars. This may relate to the early loss of the corresponding right lower molars. Root apex cementum hyperplasia and resorption of alveolar bone due to periodontal disease were also observed; these may have been associated with the calcu…
Newly discovered banjo-shuseki-bo (square-shaped bone-pile burial) human bones from the Final Jomon Period Hobi shell-mound site, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
Banjo-shuseki-bo, unique accumulations of human bones among Jomon collective secondary burials, have been found intensively in the Final Jomon Period Mikawa region of Aichi Prefecture. At the Hobi shell-mound site in Tahara City (c. 3000–2400 BP), two cases of banjo-shuseki-bo have been so far documented, referred to as Ichi-go-shuseki (Accumulation No. 1) and B-shuseki (Accumulation B). During the 2010–2013 excavations at the Hobi site, we disco…
Complete mitochondrial genome sequencing reveals double-buried Jomon individuals excavated from the Ikawazu shell-mound site were not in a mother–child relationship
A draft whole genome sequence of a Jomon woman from the Ikawazu shell-mound site has been reported recently. The adult woman, IK002, was excavated with a child, IK001. Because of the burial situation with the child located above the adult, the two individuals were thought to be a mother–child relationship. In this study, we conducted a target capture sequencing, and obtained 258-fold coverage of the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of …
An informative prior probability distribution of the gompertz parameters for bayesian approaches in paleodemography
OBJECTIVES: In paleodemography, the Bayesian approach has been suggested to provide an effective means by which mortality profiles of past populations can be adequately estimated, and thus avoid problems of "age-mimicry" inherent in conventional approaches. In this study, we propose an application of the Gompertz model using an "informative" prior probability distribution by revising a recent example of the Bayesian approach based on an "uninform…
A study of Skeletal Remains with Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis(Dish) from the Edo Period, Japan.
General hyperostotic diathesis diagnosed as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) was found in an almost complete skeleton from the Edo period (1603-1867 A.D.) and is described here from a paleopathological view point. A remarkable ossification was found in the thoracolumbar spines, partly forming an ankylosis between Th-12 and L-1 by exuberant osteophytes with “dripping wax” and/or “candle flame” appearance. In the extraspinal skeleton…
Skulls of Ubayama Shell-mounds. I. Morphological Description and Univariate Comparison
Both metric and non-metric morphological data have been obtained for skull samples from the Ubayama shell-mounds, a rich source of archeological specimens from the Jomon period in the Kanto district of Japan. All the useable skull specimens were measured, and these data were compared to those from other sites, Tsukumo, Yoshiko, etc. Some regional differences were found, notably in the height and curvature of the cranial vault, and orbital and man…
The Neanderthal Remains from Dederiyeh Cave, Syria
Dederiyeh No. 2, a large cave site in northwestern Syria, was chosen for excavation after an extensive reconnaissance survey in the Afrin region in 1987 under the Syrian-Japan joint expedition. The cave is about 60km NW of Aleppo, the second largest city of Syria. The preliminary excavations of 1989 and 1990 uncovered a number of fragmentary human remains as well as rich lithic and faunal assemblages. The lithic industries of the cave are compose…
Morphometric Data on the Skulls of Ubayama Shell-mounds
Metric raw data and associated information on the skulls from Ubayama shell-mounds, a site in Chiba Prefecture of the Middle and Late Jomon periods, are presented
The Skulls of Ubayama Shell-mounds. II. An Analysis of Intra- and Inter-regional Variation of the Jomon Population
Inter-regional comparative studies of cranial morphology depend upon composite specimens constructed according to the standards chosen by the writers. Although there have been many reports about variations within the so-called “Jomon population, ” very few have taken up the issue of the validity of the regional classification. In this study, Mahalanobis' D2s are calculated from metric and non- metric data to evaluate the intra- and inter-regional…
Dental calculus and other dental disease in a human skeleton of the Okhotsk Culture unearthed at Hamanaka‐2 site, Rebun‐Island, Hokkaido, Japan
A human skeleton of the Okhotsk Culture from the Hamanaka‐2 site of Rebun Island, northern part of Hokkaido, was found with abnormally large deposits of dental calculus, especially on the right upper 2nd and 3rd molars. This may relate to the early loss of the corresponding right lower molars. Root apex cementum hyperplasia and resorption of alveolar bone due to periodontal disease were also observed; these may have been associated with the calcu…
A Human Skeleton of the Early Phase of the Okhotsk Culture Unearthed at the Hamanaka-2 Site, Rebun Island, Hokkaido
A burial site of the early phase of the Okhotsk culture was found at the Hamanaka-2 site, Rebun Island, Hokkaido, from which an adult female human skeleton was unearthed. This is the oldest extant human remains from the Okhotsk culture. Both measurements and nonmetric traits of the skeleton showed that she has common physical characteristics with the Northern Mongoloid populations. Because her skeletal morphology shows a contrast to those of the …
An Analysis of Ainu Population Structure, Based on Cranial Morphology
Craniometric analyses were employed to assess the degree of variation among previously recognized Ainu populations. Heterogeneity among populations was evaluated by calculating the contribution of among-group variation to total variation. The analyses were designed to investigate the hierarchical population structure represented by River groups within Province groups. River groups were defined in previous ethnological studies and were regarded as…
Neanderthal infant burial from the Dederiyeh cave in Syria
Une sépulture bien préservée d'un enfant Néandertal fut trouvée en 1993 dans la grotte de Dederyeh en Syrie. Les restes de cet enfant, environ deux ans d'âge, ont été dégagés dans les dépôts moustériens. La position du dos, les bras étendus et les jambes fléchies indiquent une sépulture intentionelle. Cette sépulture apporte de nouvelles données sur l'association entre les Néandertals et l'industrie de type Tabun В ainsi que sur la distribution d…
Ainu and Ryukyuan Cranial Nonmetric Variation
Presence or absence of 22 nonmetric traits was recorded in the crania from the islands of Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima of the Ryukyu Islands. Their trait-frequency patterns were compared with the samples from East/Southeast Asia and the world using Smith's Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) statistic, principal coordinate analysis, and neighbor-joining clustering algorithm. The results indicated that the Ryukyuan samples aligned with the East/Sout…
Human Cranial Variations Based on Different Sets of Measurement Variables
The Northeast and East Asian populations were analyzed according to four batteries of craniometric characters. The results between the different batteries, however, were less than clear-cut. There are some exceptional cases, which differ from the widely known populational affinities based on many anthropological traits. For example, the Aleut showed a close affinity with not only the other Arctic peoples but also the Ainus. The Ekven, the Iron ag…
New Discovery of a Neanderthal Child Burial from the Dederiyeh Cave in Syria
Une seconde sépulture d'enfant néanderthalien a été mise au jour dans la grotte de Dederiyeh en Syrie lors de la campagne de fouilles 1997-1998. Les restes humains ont été déposés dans une fosse creusée dans un niveau moustérien. Des observations préliminaires indiquent que le squelette de cet enfant partage de nombreux traits anatomiques avec celui de l'enfant découvert en 1993 dans une première sépulture et que les deux individus relèvent de la…
Intra- and Interobserver Errors in Facial Flatness Measurements
This study examines intra-and interobserver errors in the facial flatness measurements defined by Yamaguchi (1973) using two-way ANOVA with replication.The sample used consists of 10 recent Japanese skulls from Tohoku District.These skulls are measured twice by each of 6 observers.The interactions between skulls and observers are significant in the frontal chord, the simotic subtense, and the zygomaxillary chord.In the latter 2 items, interobserv…
Flatness of Facial Skeletons of Ryukyuans
Following the method of Yamaguchi (1973), a series of facial flatness measurements were taken from crania from the islands of Amami, Okinawa and Sakishima of the Ryukyu Islands. These measurements were compared with each other and with measurements of cranial series from other Japanese Islands, insular and continental Northeast Asia and Europe. Among the three Ryukyuan samples, the facial skeletons of Sakishima are least flattened. Nevertheless, …
Estimation of stature from the skeletal reconstruction of an immature Neandertal from Dederiyeh Cave, Syria
Metric Data of the Ryukyuan Crania
Eighteen cranial measurements including 6 flatness measurements of the facial skeleton were taken for crania from the Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands, which constitute the Ryukyu Islands. The data will be useful for future multivariate statistical analyses of Ryukyuan crania
Bone histomorphology of the Dederiyeh Neanderthal child
To clarify bone formation and growth in Neanderthal children, we prepared a femoral midshaft cross-section of the Dederiyeh 1 Neanderthal child (ca. 2 years old) discovered in Syria, and compared its bone histomorphology with that of modern children aged 0–6 years. Bone histomorphometry was performed with regard to six parameters, i.e. cortical width, percent osteonal bone, osteon population density, non-Haversian canal population density, second…
Unique biological affinity of the hanging coffin people in ancient China based on craniometry of two skulls from Yunnan province
A higher density of evidence in terms of both temporal and geographical variation is needed for the understanding of the population history of East/Southeast Asia. We report here two skulls of the hanging coffin people from the ancient Tang dynasty of Yunnan province, China, and compare them with other Neolithic to modern human groups of East/Southeast Asia. The cranial series of the hanging coffin people can be regarded as a single population di…
Neanderthal brain size at birth provides insights into the evolution of human life history
From birth to adulthood, the human brain expands by a factor of 3.3, compared with 2.5 in chimpanzees [DeSilva J and Lesnik J (2006) Chimpanzee neonatal brain size: Implications for brain growth in Homo erectus. J Hum Evol 51: 207–212]. How the required extra amount of human brain growth is achieved and what its implications are for human life history and cognitive development are still a matter of debate. Likewise, because comparative fossil evi…
Craniometric divergence history of the Japanese populations
The Japan Islands, a small island chain on the western rim of the circum-Pacific region, have experienced several cultural contacts and human migrations from northern and eastern continental Asia. In this study, craniometric diversification of Asian peoples was assessed using the R-matrix method based on 21 metric traits in 25 representative male and female samples of prehistoric and modern northeastern and eastern Asians, including inhabitants o…
Three-dimensional craniofacial variation and occlusal wear severity among inhabitants of Hokkaido
Hokkaido is an intriguing region for studies of population history in Japan because of its geographical position both at the periphery in the Japanese archipelago and at the gateway to the northeastern Eurasian continent. This paper focuses on the biological relationship between two populations, Okhotsk culture people and Ainu, and investigates craniofacial variation and dental wear severity between and within the populations. Fifty-six anatomica…
Th International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences
本年8月5日から10日の日程で,イギリス・マンチェスターにおいて第17回国際人類学民族学会議(IUAES2013)が開催された。本稿は,この会議に参加した日本人類学会会員のうち,IUAES関連の役員をしている3名の会員の会議報告である
Cerebellar Size Estimation from Endocranial Measurements
Virtual Endocast of Qafzeh 9
Human age estimation from lower-canine pulp volume ratio based on Bayes’ theorem with modern Japanese population as prior distribution
Pulp volume decreases throughout life owing to secondary dentin deposition. Here, we present a Bayesian approach for human age estimation on the basis of the pulp volume ratio from lower-canine teeth. We measured the pulp and tooth volumes of 363 subjects (209 males, 154 females) of known age based on three-dimensional imageries from microcomputed tomography scans. Pulp volume ratio was defined as pulp/tooth volume within the root portion (PVRrt)…
Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (36 obras) · Geography (33 obras) · Archaeology (30 obras) · Biology (26 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (23 obras) · Population (19 obras) · Medicine (15 obras) · Demography (14 obras) · Anatomy (12 obras) · Demography (12 obras)