Ernest Drucker
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 101485 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Ernest Drucker |
| NOMBRES | Ernest |
| APELLIDO | Drucker |
| FIRMA | DRUCKER E |
| AFILIACIONES | Albert Einstein College of Medicine |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 32 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 179 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 32 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1974 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2016 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Strength in Numbers
This study describes a new approach to undergraduate science training that offers an alternate model to the national objective of scaling up scientific research interests and capabilities among undergraduate students. With this new focus, we seek to more effectively bring scientific research methods and experiences to larger numbers of students in non-elite educational circumstances. Our model has been designed and implemented, at the John Jay Co…
Public Health and Solitary Confinement in the United States
The history of solitary confinement in the United States stretches from the silent prisons of 200 years ago to today’s supermax prisons, mechanized panopticons that isolate tens of thousands, sometimes for decades. We examined the living conditions and characteristics of the populations in solitary confinement. As part of the growing movement for reform, public health agencies have an ethical obligation to help address the excessive use of solita…
From punishment to treatment
In 2009, New York reformed its “Rockefeller Drug Laws”, terminating mandatory imprisonment for many drug charges and expanding the availability of treatment alternatives to incarceration. The reforms occurred in an environment characterized by high incarceration rates, racial/ethnic disparities in drug convictions and incarceration rates, and expanded use of alternatives to incarceration. Early administrative data show a large impact on the crimi…
Restoring Justice
The author examines the need for the U.S. to take an approach toward criminal justice based on prevention and public health. He mentions a report by the American Civil Liberties Union that identified over 3,200 nonviolent offenders sentenced to life in prison due to mandatory sentencing. He comments on increasing bipartisan support for reforming U.S. drug laws and cutting back on prisons. He suggests the need for clemency for prisoners of the war…
Pathologizing poverty
A Plague of Prisons
Advocacy Research in Harm Reduction Drug Policies
Harm reduction now has a strong foundation in scientific evidence and is widely accepted in many countries as national policy and much of the worlds scientific community, including leading U.S. and international public‐health, e.g. The US National Academy of Medicine, the American Medical Association, the European Union, and the WHO. Nonetheless its impact in official U.S. policies and practices remains minimal. In this chapter, two harm reductio…
Adolescent Substance Use and Other Illegal Behaviors and Racial Disparities in Criminal Justice System Involvement
We used data from a national survey to examine arrest rate disparities between African American and White adolescents (aged 12–17 years; n = 6725) in relation to drug-related and other illegal behaviors. African American adolescents were less likely than Whites to have engaged in drug use or drug selling, but were more likely to have been arrested. Racial disparities in adolescent arrest appear to result from differential treatment of minority yo…
A paradoxical peace
Conflict has traditionally been thought to contribute to the epidemic spread of HIV. New data call into question this assumption, and there is concern that the 'post-conflict phase' may be a particularly dangerous time for HIV transmission. The post-conflict phase is characterized by a potentially disastrous confluence of factors including demobilization of combatants, the presence of peacekeeping forces, the return of potentially infected soldie…
Bringing Health Care Advocacy to a Public Defender's Office
Recent arrestees often face barriers to health care access as they move through the judicial process, placing them at significant health risk. The immediate postrelease period generally involves numerous court dates, meetings, and other obligations that can fragment the delivery of care. A residency training program collaborated with public defenders to facilitate medical screenings and referrals for recent arrestees in Bronx County, New York. Fr…
Tobacco harm reduction
Immigration and HIV/Aids in the New York Metropolitan Area
Blood Transfusions in the Early Years of Aids in Sub-Saharan Africa
Blood transfusions transmit HIV more effectively than other means, yet there has been little examination of their role in the origins and early course of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. We review historical data in archives, government reports, and medical literature from African and European sources documenting the introduction, establishment, use, and growth of blood transfusions in sub-Saharan Africa. These data allow estimation of the geographic …
Population Impact of Mass Incarceration Under New York's Rockefeller Drug Laws
Analysis of a Population-Based Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Index as an Outcome Measure of Access and Quality of Care for the Treatment of HIV Disease
Objectives. A population-based Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) Index was developed in New York City to identify geographic areas and subpopulations at increased risk for PCP. Methods. A zip code–level PCP Index was created from AIDS surveillance and hospital discharge records and defined as (number of PCP-related hospitalizations)/(number of persons living with AIDS). Results. In 1997, there were 2262 hospitalizations for PCP among 39 740 pe…
Overdose Deaths
Fatal Overdose Trends in Major us Cities
(2001). Fatal Overdose Trends in Major us Cities: 1990–1997. Addiction Research & Theory: Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 425-436
Office-based methadone prescribing
Reducing the harm of a failed drug control policy
Reducing the harm of a failed drug control policy
Housing issues of persons with Aids
Methods of smoking crack as a potential risk factor for HIV infection
Research has demonstrated important linkages between crack smoking and HIV/AIDS, especially through increased risk of sexual transmission. Among HIV prevention interventionists and researchers there has been considerable speculation regarding the potential for HIV transmission through the sharing of crack pipes or stems contaminated with blood from smokers' cut and burned lips, or from oral sex performed by crack users with injured lips.' We prev…
Intrauterine cocaine, lead, and nicotine exposure and fetal growth
Intrauterine tobacco, lead, and cocaine exposure often co-occur and may affect fetal growth and development, yet studies of gestational cocaine effects have not adequately measured lead or tobacco. In this anonymous survey, blood lead and urine cotinine levels were determined and mothers were queried about tobacco use. Eighteen cocaine-exposed mother-infant dyads had higher lead and cotinine levels than 46 random nonexposed dyads, regardless of r…
Aids, HIV infection, and illicit drug use within inner-city families and social networks
OBJECTIVES. Drug use is commonly depicted and treated as an individual problem. This study describes the extent of drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among drug users' sexual partners and family and household members in order to broaden considerations of risk. METHODS. Social network charts and structured interviews were administered to 126 women (predominantly African American an…
Custody of cocaine-exposed newborns
OBJECTIVES. Maternal cocaine use is a leading grounds for newborn foster placement. This study was initiated to investigate the factors that predict custody status of infants born to substance-abusing women. METHODS. A retrospective cohort design was used to study the correlates of discharge custody decisions for 99 consecutive infants testing positive for cocaine in a public hospital. RESULTS. The population was 49% Black, 40% Hispanic, and 11% …
Pathologizing poverty
Public Health and Solitary Confinement in the United States
The history of solitary confinement in the United States stretches from the silent prisons of 200 years ago to today’s supermax prisons, mechanized panopticons that isolate tens of thousands, sometimes for decades. We examined the living conditions and characteristics of the populations in solitary confinement. As part of the growing movement for reform, public health agencies have an ethical obligation to help address the excessive use of solita…
Impact of the Aids epidemic on morbidity and mortality among intravenous drug users in a New York City methadone maintenance program
To examine the impact of the AIDS epidemic on morbidity and mortality in a defined population of intravenous drug users, we analyzed overall and cause-specific death rates, AIDS incidence, and acute medical hospitalizations among patients in a long-term methadone maintenance program in New York City for the years 1984 through 1987 (midyear population for each year 828 to 891; demographic characteristics did not differ). The number of deaths while…
Reproductive Decisions among HIV-infected, Drug-Using Women
In this article we examine the influence of personal, social, and cultural factors, in particular continuity of mother-child coresidence, on the reproductive decisions of HIV-positive, women drug users. Among these women, decisions to terminate a pregnancy were found to be most significantly associated with continuity of mother-child coresidence. We explore the policy implications of this finding
Adolescent Substance Use and Other Illegal Behaviors and Racial Disparities in Criminal Justice System Involvement
We used data from a national survey to examine arrest rate disparities between African American and White adolescents (aged 12–17 years; n = 6725) in relation to drug-related and other illegal behaviors. African American adolescents were less likely than Whites to have engaged in drug use or drug selling, but were more likely to have been arrested. Racial disparities in adolescent arrest appear to result from differential treatment of minority yo…
Advocacy Research in Harm Reduction Drug Policies
Harm reduction now has a strong foundation in scientific evidence and is widely accepted in many countries as national policy and much of the worlds scientific community, including leading U.S. and international public‐health, e.g. The US National Academy of Medicine, the American Medical Association, the European Union, and the WHO. Nonetheless its impact in official U.S. policies and practices remains minimal. In this chapter, two harm reductio…
Aids, HIV infection, and illicit drug use within inner-city families and social networks
OBJECTIVES. Drug use is commonly depicted and treated as an individual problem. This study describes the extent of drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among drug users' sexual partners and family and household members in order to broaden considerations of risk. METHODS. Social network charts and structured interviews were administered to 126 women (predominantly African American an…
Analysis of a Population-Based Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Index as an Outcome Measure of Access and Quality of Care for the Treatment of HIV Disease
Objectives. A population-based Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) Index was developed in New York City to identify geographic areas and subpopulations at increased risk for PCP. Methods. A zip code–level PCP Index was created from AIDS surveillance and hospital discharge records and defined as (number of PCP-related hospitalizations)/(number of persons living with AIDS). Results. In 1997, there were 2262 hospitalizations for PCP among 39 740 pe…
Custody of cocaine-exposed newborns
OBJECTIVES. Maternal cocaine use is a leading grounds for newborn foster placement. This study was initiated to investigate the factors that predict custody status of infants born to substance-abusing women. METHODS. A retrospective cohort design was used to study the correlates of discharge custody decisions for 99 consecutive infants testing positive for cocaine in a public hospital. RESULTS. The population was 49% Black, 40% Hispanic, and 11% …
Blood Transfusions in the Early Years of Aids in Sub-Saharan Africa
Blood transfusions transmit HIV more effectively than other means, yet there has been little examination of their role in the origins and early course of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. We review historical data in archives, government reports, and medical literature from African and European sources documenting the introduction, establishment, use, and growth of blood transfusions in sub-Saharan Africa. These data allow estimation of the geographic …
Methods of smoking crack as a potential risk factor for HIV infection
Research has demonstrated important linkages between crack smoking and HIV/AIDS, especially through increased risk of sexual transmission. Among HIV prevention interventionists and researchers there has been considerable speculation regarding the potential for HIV transmission through the sharing of crack pipes or stems contaminated with blood from smokers' cut and burned lips, or from oral sex performed by crack users with injured lips.' We prev…
Restoring Justice
The author examines the need for the U.S. to take an approach toward criminal justice based on prevention and public health. He mentions a report by the American Civil Liberties Union that identified over 3,200 nonviolent offenders sentenced to life in prison due to mandatory sentencing. He comments on increasing bipartisan support for reforming U.S. drug laws and cutting back on prisons. He suggests the need for clemency for prisoners of the war…
Intrauterine cocaine, lead, and nicotine exposure and fetal growth
Intrauterine tobacco, lead, and cocaine exposure often co-occur and may affect fetal growth and development, yet studies of gestational cocaine effects have not adequately measured lead or tobacco. In this anonymous survey, blood lead and urine cotinine levels were determined and mothers were queried about tobacco use. Eighteen cocaine-exposed mother-infant dyads had higher lead and cotinine levels than 46 random nonexposed dyads, regardless of r…
Asbestos disease screening by non-specialists
We performed a medical audit of an asbestos disease screening program offered to New York City sheet metal workers by a corporate medical service. The screening program purported to evaluate the health status of workers exposed to asbestos in the past and present during construction and renovation of commercial buildings. Using current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations as a benchmark, medical records for more than 8…
Hidden Values and Health Care
Asbestos disease screening by non-specialists
We performed a medical audit of an asbestos disease screening program offered to New York City sheet metal workers by a corporate medical service. The screening program purported to evaluate the health status of workers exposed to asbestos in the past and present during construction and renovation of commercial buildings. Using current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations as a benchmark, medical records for more than 8…
Impact of the Aids epidemic on morbidity and mortality among intravenous drug users in a New York City methadone maintenance program
To examine the impact of the AIDS epidemic on morbidity and mortality in a defined population of intravenous drug users, we analyzed overall and cause-specific death rates, AIDS incidence, and acute medical hospitalizations among patients in a long-term methadone maintenance program in New York City for the years 1984 through 1987 (midyear population for each year 828 to 891; demographic characteristics did not differ). The number of deaths while…
Race/ethnic-specific Aids risk in New York City, 1981-87
Race/ethnic-specific AIDS risk in New York City, 1981-87. B S Menendez, S H Vermund, E Drucker, and S BlumCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.79.12.1679-a Published Online: October 07, 2011
Aids
Reproductive Decisions among HIV-infected, Drug-Using Women
In this article we examine the influence of personal, social, and cultural factors, in particular continuity of mother-child coresidence, on the reproductive decisions of HIV-positive, women drug users. Among these women, decisions to terminate a pregnancy were found to be most significantly associated with continuity of mother-child coresidence. We explore the policy implications of this finding
Chapter 1
Crack-using mothers are a population for whom punishment, rather than treatment, has been the norm. The following paper outlines a program for maternal crack users which is based on recent advances in feminist psychology and which defines the moment of childbearing as an opportunity to help women heal those critical relationships which have been fractured by the cycle of drugs and poverty
Custody of cocaine-exposed newborns
OBJECTIVES. Maternal cocaine use is a leading grounds for newborn foster placement. This study was initiated to investigate the factors that predict custody status of infants born to substance-abusing women. METHODS. A retrospective cohort design was used to study the correlates of discharge custody decisions for 99 consecutive infants testing positive for cocaine in a public hospital. RESULTS. The population was 49% Black, 40% Hispanic, and 11% …
Intrauterine cocaine, lead, and nicotine exposure and fetal growth
Intrauterine tobacco, lead, and cocaine exposure often co-occur and may affect fetal growth and development, yet studies of gestational cocaine effects have not adequately measured lead or tobacco. In this anonymous survey, blood lead and urine cotinine levels were determined and mothers were queried about tobacco use. Eighteen cocaine-exposed mother-infant dyads had higher lead and cotinine levels than 46 random nonexposed dyads, regardless of r…
Aids, HIV infection, and illicit drug use within inner-city families and social networks
OBJECTIVES. Drug use is commonly depicted and treated as an individual problem. This study describes the extent of drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among drug users' sexual partners and family and household members in order to broaden considerations of risk. METHODS. Social network charts and structured interviews were administered to 126 women (predominantly African American an…
Methods of smoking crack as a potential risk factor for HIV infection
Research has demonstrated important linkages between crack smoking and HIV/AIDS, especially through increased risk of sexual transmission. Among HIV prevention interventionists and researchers there has been considerable speculation regarding the potential for HIV transmission through the sharing of crack pipes or stems contaminated with blood from smokers' cut and burned lips, or from oral sex performed by crack users with injured lips.' We prev…
Housing issues of persons with Aids
Reducing the harm of a failed drug control policy
Reducing the harm of a failed drug control policy
Office-based methadone prescribing
Overdose Deaths
Fatal Overdose Trends in Major us Cities
(2001). Fatal Overdose Trends in Major us Cities: 1990–1997. Addiction Research & Theory: Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 425-436
Population Impact of Mass Incarceration Under New York's Rockefeller Drug Laws
Analysis of a Population-Based Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Index as an Outcome Measure of Access and Quality of Care for the Treatment of HIV Disease
Objectives. A population-based Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) Index was developed in New York City to identify geographic areas and subpopulations at increased risk for PCP. Methods. A zip code–level PCP Index was created from AIDS surveillance and hospital discharge records and defined as (number of PCP-related hospitalizations)/(number of persons living with AIDS). Results. In 1997, there were 2262 hospitalizations for PCP among 39 740 pe…
Immigration and HIV/Aids in the New York Metropolitan Area
Blood Transfusions in the Early Years of Aids in Sub-Saharan Africa
Blood transfusions transmit HIV more effectively than other means, yet there has been little examination of their role in the origins and early course of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. We review historical data in archives, government reports, and medical literature from African and European sources documenting the introduction, establishment, use, and growth of blood transfusions in sub-Saharan Africa. These data allow estimation of the geographic …
Tobacco harm reduction
A paradoxical peace
Conflict has traditionally been thought to contribute to the epidemic spread of HIV. New data call into question this assumption, and there is concern that the 'post-conflict phase' may be a particularly dangerous time for HIV transmission. The post-conflict phase is characterized by a potentially disastrous confluence of factors including demobilization of combatants, the presence of peacekeeping forces, the return of potentially infected soldie…
Bringing Health Care Advocacy to a Public Defender's Office
Recent arrestees often face barriers to health care access as they move through the judicial process, placing them at significant health risk. The immediate postrelease period generally involves numerous court dates, meetings, and other obligations that can fragment the delivery of care. A residency training program collaborated with public defenders to facilitate medical screenings and referrals for recent arrestees in Bronx County, New York. Fr…
Adolescent Substance Use and Other Illegal Behaviors and Racial Disparities in Criminal Justice System Involvement
We used data from a national survey to examine arrest rate disparities between African American and White adolescents (aged 12–17 years; n = 6725) in relation to drug-related and other illegal behaviors. African American adolescents were less likely than Whites to have engaged in drug use or drug selling, but were more likely to have been arrested. Racial disparities in adolescent arrest appear to result from differential treatment of minority yo…
Medicine (29 obras) · Psychology (17 obras) · Environmental health (16 obras) · Political science (14 obras) · Psychiatry (13 obras) · Sociology (12 obras) · Criminology (11 obras) · Demography (9 obras) · Law (9 obras) · Nursing (9 obras)