Inmaculada De Melo-Martín
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1032225 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Inmaculada De Melo-Martín |
| NOMBRES | Inmaculada |
| APELLIDO | De Melo-Martín |
| FIRMA | DE MELO-MARTÍN I |
| AFILIACIONES | Cornell University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8656-8497 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 31 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 26 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 31 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2003 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Concerns about Contextual Values in Science and the Legitimate/Illegitimate Distinction
Philosophers of science have come to accept that contextual values can play unavoidable and desirable roles in science. This has raised concerns about the need to distinguish legitimate and illegitimate value influences in scientific inquiry. I discuss here four such concerns: epistemic distortion, value imposition, undermining of public trust in science, and the use of objectionable values. I contend that preserving epistemic integrity and avoid…
On masks and masking
Reproductive Embryo Editing
The use of embryonic genome editing tools is often touted as a way to ensure the birth of healthy and genetically related children. Many would agree that this is a worthy goal. Yet the purpose of this article is to argue that, if we are concerned with justice, accepting such a goal as morally appropriate commits one to rejecting the use of social resources for further development of embryo editing for reproductive purposes. This is so because the…
To Assess Technologies, Bioethicists Must Take Off Their Blinkers
Assessing the safety of biomedical technologies is an essential aspect of any sound ethical assessment. It is, however, not sufficient. Technologies do significantly more than what they are designed to accomplish. Bioethicists should pay more attention to the many ways in which technologies transform our world and ourselves
Vaccine Hesitancy
Find information about UTP Journals. University of Toronto Press is Canada’s leading academic publisher and one of the largest university presses in North America, with particular strengths in the social sciences, humanities, and business. The Book Publishing Division is widely recognized in Canada for its strength in history, political science, sociology, Indigenous studies, and cultural studies. Internationally, UTP is a leading publisher of me…
Is a Video Worth a Thousand Words
Bodily imagery elicits strong affective responses and is highly salient, potentially altering viewers' decision making. When clinicians engage surrogates in video calls showing the patient's body, several competing ethical issues must be considered. On the one hand, surrogates may require visual information to make informed decisions, and video technology closes crucial information gaps. On the other, video technology puts an increased amount of …
Reprogenetic Technologies and the Valuing of the Biogenetic Family
Reprogenetic technologies, which combine the power of reproductive technologies with the tools of genetic science and technology, give prospective parents a remarkable degree of control over a variety of their offspring’s characteristics. Not uncommonly, proponents of these technologies treat them as mere value‐neutral tools, limiting their assessments to risk and benefit considerations narrowly conceptualized. However, such assessments are ethic…
Rethinking Human Embryo Research Policies
It now seems technically feasible to culture human embryos beyond the “fourteen‐day limit,” which has the potential to increase scientific understanding of human development and perhaps improve infertility treatments. The fourteen‐day limit was adopted as a compromise but subsequently has been considered an ethical line. Does it remain relevant in light of technological advances permitting embryo maturation beyond it? Should it be changed and, if…
The commercialization of the biomedical sciences
Where Disagreements Can Lie
Chapter 10 proposes a second recommendation to deal with the negative adverse effects that normatively inappropriate dissent (NID) can have: it calls for a recognition of the limits of scientific evidence when it comes to public policymaking and for an increased focus on potential differences in the values that underlie policy decisions. It contends that while confusion and doubt about the existing empirical evidence or about its strength can con…
Values in Science and the Erosion of Trust
This chapter considers another factor that plays a role in eroding the public’s trust in science: concerns about the negative influence of nonepistemic values in science, particularly in controversial areas of inquiry with important effects on public policy. It shows that the credibility of scientists can be undermined when the public perceives that scientists have a political agenda or will be biased by their own personal or political values. Ho…
Imposing Unfair Risks
This chapters evaluates whether inductive risks judgments can serve as a reliable criterion to identify normatively inappropriate dissent (NID). Dissent that calls for rejecting certain consensus views related to public policy can be risky. When consensus views are mistakenly rejected, it can have serious consequences for public health and well-being. These risks may not be worth taking when the risks disproportionately fall on the public, or whe…
Lessons Learned and New Directions
This concluding chapter revisits the main topics of the book and emphasizes the need to reframe the problem of normatively inappropriate dissent (NID). It contends that limiting attention to the role that problematic dissent plays in undermining support for particular policies and actions is both misguided and dangerous. It calls for a reframing of the problem in ways that are likely to be more fruitful in trying to address the problems that can …
The Fight Against Doubt
Current debates about climate change or vaccine safety provide an alarming illustration of the potential impacts of dissent about scientific claims. False beliefs about evidence and the conclusions that can be drawn from it are commonplace, as is corrosive doubt about the existence of widespread scientific consensus. Deployed aggressively and to political ends, ill-founded dissent can intimidate scientists, stymie research, and lead both the publ…
The Fight Against Doubt
How best to protect the vital interests of donor-conceived individuals
The Risk of Using Inductive Risk to Challenge the Value-Free Ideal
The argument from inductive risk has been embraced by many as a successful account of the role of values in science that challenges the value-free ideal. We argue that it is not obvious that the argument from inductive risk actually undermines the value-free ideal. This is because the inductive risk argument endorses an assumption held by proponents of the value-free ideal: that contextual values never play an appropriate role in determining evid…
Book Symposium on Human Nature in an Age of Biotechnology
The Ethics of Anonymous Gamete Donation
The vast majority of gamete donations worldwide are made anonymously, and in some countries, including Spain, France, and Denmark, the anonymity of donors is explicitly protected by law. Nonetheless, a growing number of countries have called into question the morality of such practices and are enacting laws allowing children access to identifying information about their gamete donor. A significant reason for the growing legislative support for no…
Are there limits to scientists’ obligations to seek and engage dissenters
Book Symposium on Andrew Feenberg’s Between Reason and Experience
On Disgust and Human Dignity
Feminist Resources for Biomedical Research
Several feminist philosophers of science have argued that social and political values are compatible with, and may even enhance, scientific objectivity. A variety of normative recommendations have emerged regarding how to identify, manage, and critically evaluate social values in science. In particular, several feminist theorists have argued that scientific communities ought to: 1) include researchers with diverse experiences, interests, and valu…
Just the facts ma'am
Through a glass, darkly
The Risk of Using Inductive Risk to Challenge the Value-Free Ideal
The argument from inductive risk has been embraced by many as a successful account of the role of values in science that challenges the value-free ideal. We argue that it is not obvious that the argument from inductive risk actually undermines the value-free ideal. This is because the inductive risk argument endorses an assumption held by proponents of the value-free ideal: that contextual values never play an appropriate role in determining evid…
The commercialization of the biomedical sciences
Concerns about Contextual Values in Science and the Legitimate/Illegitimate Distinction
Philosophers of science have come to accept that contextual values can play unavoidable and desirable roles in science. This has raised concerns about the need to distinguish legitimate and illegitimate value influences in scientific inquiry. I discuss here four such concerns: epistemic distortion, value imposition, undermining of public trust in science, and the use of objectionable values. I contend that preserving epistemic integrity and avoid…
On masks and masking
How best to protect the vital interests of donor-conceived individuals
The Two Cultures
Biological explanations and social responsibility
When Is Biology Destiny? Biological Determinism and Social Responsibility
I argue here that critics of biological explanations of human nature are mistaken when they maintain that the truth of genetic determinism implies the end of critical evaluation and reform of our social institutions. Such a claim erroneously presupposes that our social values, practices, and institutions have nothing to do with what makes biological explanations troublesome. What constitutes a problem for those who are concerned with social justi…
Biological explanations and social responsibility
When Is Biology Destiny? Biological Determinism and Social Responsibility
I argue here that critics of biological explanations of human nature are mistaken when they maintain that the truth of genetic determinism implies the end of critical evaluation and reform of our social institutions. Such a claim erroneously presupposes that our social values, practices, and institutions have nothing to do with what makes biological explanations troublesome. What constitutes a problem for those who are concerned with social justi…
Genetic research and reduction of health disparities
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether genetic research is an adequate means to attain the very worthy goal of eliminating racial and ethnic healthcare inequalities. I argue that, in our present social and political context, even if genetic variation contributes to health disparities, and even if such knowledge allows us to develop new interventions, genetics and genomics research is unlikely to have any significant effect on their elim…
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Evaluation of the Safety of Animal Clones
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced recently that food products derived from some animal clones and their offspring are safe for human consumption. In response to criticism that it had failed to engage with ethical, social, and economic concerns raised by livestock cloning, the FDA argued that addressing normative issues prior to issuing a final ruling on animal cloning is not part of its mission. In this article, the authors re…
Monterrey, C-section capital of Mexico
Cesarean sections are one of the most commonly performed surgical operations worldwide. Though evidence suggests that non-medically indicated cesarean sections raise the health risks for mothers and their babies and result in increased costs of health care compared with vaginal deliveries, reports are common that the frequency of performance of this surgical procedure is far above WHO recommendations. Of special concern has been the current incre…
The Two Cultures
Book Symposium on Andrew Feenberg’s Between Reason and Experience
On Disgust and Human Dignity
Feminist Resources for Biomedical Research
Several feminist philosophers of science have argued that social and political values are compatible with, and may even enhance, scientific objectivity. A variety of normative recommendations have emerged regarding how to identify, manage, and critically evaluate social values in science. In particular, several feminist theorists have argued that scientific communities ought to: 1) include researchers with diverse experiences, interests, and valu…
The Ethics of Anonymous Gamete Donation
The vast majority of gamete donations worldwide are made anonymously, and in some countries, including Spain, France, and Denmark, the anonymity of donors is explicitly protected by law. Nonetheless, a growing number of countries have called into question the morality of such practices and are enacting laws allowing children access to identifying information about their gamete donor. A significant reason for the growing legislative support for no…
Are there limits to scientists’ obligations to seek and engage dissenters
Book Symposium on Human Nature in an Age of Biotechnology
How best to protect the vital interests of donor-conceived individuals
The Risk of Using Inductive Risk to Challenge the Value-Free Ideal
The argument from inductive risk has been embraced by many as a successful account of the role of values in science that challenges the value-free ideal. We argue that it is not obvious that the argument from inductive risk actually undermines the value-free ideal. This is because the inductive risk argument endorses an assumption held by proponents of the value-free ideal: that contextual values never play an appropriate role in determining evid…
Where Disagreements Can Lie
Chapter 10 proposes a second recommendation to deal with the negative adverse effects that normatively inappropriate dissent (NID) can have: it calls for a recognition of the limits of scientific evidence when it comes to public policymaking and for an increased focus on potential differences in the values that underlie policy decisions. It contends that while confusion and doubt about the existing empirical evidence or about its strength can con…
Values in Science and the Erosion of Trust
This chapter considers another factor that plays a role in eroding the public’s trust in science: concerns about the negative influence of nonepistemic values in science, particularly in controversial areas of inquiry with important effects on public policy. It shows that the credibility of scientists can be undermined when the public perceives that scientists have a political agenda or will be biased by their own personal or political values. Ho…
Imposing Unfair Risks
This chapters evaluates whether inductive risks judgments can serve as a reliable criterion to identify normatively inappropriate dissent (NID). Dissent that calls for rejecting certain consensus views related to public policy can be risky. When consensus views are mistakenly rejected, it can have serious consequences for public health and well-being. These risks may not be worth taking when the risks disproportionately fall on the public, or whe…
Lessons Learned and New Directions
This concluding chapter revisits the main topics of the book and emphasizes the need to reframe the problem of normatively inappropriate dissent (NID). It contends that limiting attention to the role that problematic dissent plays in undermining support for particular policies and actions is both misguided and dangerous. It calls for a reframing of the problem in ways that are likely to be more fruitful in trying to address the problems that can …
The Fight Against Doubt
Current debates about climate change or vaccine safety provide an alarming illustration of the potential impacts of dissent about scientific claims. False beliefs about evidence and the conclusions that can be drawn from it are commonplace, as is corrosive doubt about the existence of widespread scientific consensus. Deployed aggressively and to political ends, ill-founded dissent can intimidate scientists, stymie research, and lead both the publ…
The Fight Against Doubt
The commercialization of the biomedical sciences
Rethinking Human Embryo Research Policies
It now seems technically feasible to culture human embryos beyond the “fourteen‐day limit,” which has the potential to increase scientific understanding of human development and perhaps improve infertility treatments. The fourteen‐day limit was adopted as a compromise but subsequently has been considered an ethical line. Does it remain relevant in light of technological advances permitting embryo maturation beyond it? Should it be changed and, if…
Reproductive Embryo Editing
The use of embryonic genome editing tools is often touted as a way to ensure the birth of healthy and genetically related children. Many would agree that this is a worthy goal. Yet the purpose of this article is to argue that, if we are concerned with justice, accepting such a goal as morally appropriate commits one to rejecting the use of social resources for further development of embryo editing for reproductive purposes. This is so because the…
To Assess Technologies, Bioethicists Must Take Off Their Blinkers
Assessing the safety of biomedical technologies is an essential aspect of any sound ethical assessment. It is, however, not sufficient. Technologies do significantly more than what they are designed to accomplish. Bioethicists should pay more attention to the many ways in which technologies transform our world and ourselves
Vaccine Hesitancy
Find information about UTP Journals. University of Toronto Press is Canada’s leading academic publisher and one of the largest university presses in North America, with particular strengths in the social sciences, humanities, and business. The Book Publishing Division is widely recognized in Canada for its strength in history, political science, sociology, Indigenous studies, and cultural studies. Internationally, UTP is a leading publisher of me…
Political science (22 obras) · Law (19 obras) · Sociology (18 obras) · Epistemology (16 obras) · Philosophy (14 obras) · Law and economics (11 obras) · Psychology (11 obras) · Environmental ethics (10 obras) · Computer Science (9 obras) · Public relations (9 obras)