Riya Sultana
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1033873 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Riya Sultana |
| NOMBRES | Riya |
| APELLIDO | Sultana |
| FIRMA | SULTANA R |
| AFILIACIONES | Ariel University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3994-0855 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 33 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2008 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Where revolutions take shape
In the history of revolutions, places like the Bastille, Capitol Hill and Tahrir Square have been seen as places where revolutions germinated, manifested, and even ended. These places were immortalized in historical memory as mythical sites where revolutionary actions changed the course of that nation’s history. However, there are few places where revolutionary literature and speeches were written or delivered that polished the revolution’s messa…
Shifting sands, rising dragon
As the geopolitical landscape of the Middle East shifts, China is positioning itself as a key player, challenging the traditional dominance of powers like the United States. This article examines how artificial intelligence (AI) has become a central instrument of geopolitical competition, focusing on China’s role in the Middle East and its engagement with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The study addresses the question: How do Gulf sta…
Hejab strikers
In the early days of the Islamic Republic of Iran, football was viewed as a foreign influence associated with the hostile West, particularly when it came to women’s football. However, in light of its growing popularity among the people, the regime adeptly adopted it as a tool for its agenda. Football has increasingly become a component of Iranian national identity, and women’s football and futsal in particular have opened limited but significant …
The pillars of Türkiye’s constructed revisionist vision of the South Caucasus policy, 2002–2024
As a part of the post-Ottoman space, the South Caucasus plays a key role alongside the Middle East and the Balkans in Türkiye’s aspirations to emerge as a great power. While the concept of revisionism has been examined in various contexts, the ideational elements of its construction are still unexplored. This paper addresses this gap by exploring how Türkiye constructed its revisionist foreign policy vision toward the South Caucasus from 2002 to …
Iranian State Ideology Diffusion and the Neo-Imamate in Sub-Saharan Africa
This article examines the diffusion of Iranian state ideology in sub-Saharan Africa (1990–2024), conceptualizing ideology as a strategic tool of foreign policy through constructivist and soft power perspectives. Comparing Nigeria and Senegal, it builds a relational model of ideological diffusion focused on five mechanisms: projection, circulation, reception, adaptation, and securitization. The study frames these mechanisms through the concept of …
Iran's Forward Defense in Sub‐Saharan Africa
This article examines Iran's security and defense initiatives in sub‐Saharan Africa between 1990 and 2024 and how they reflect the extraterritorial application of the regime's forward defense doctrine. In response to the long‐term erosion of its homeland defense capabilities since the Iran‐Iraq War of the 1980s—driven by infrastructure degradation, international sanctions, and increasing Israeli and US pressure—Tehran has sought to expand its str…
China’s Red Sea gambit
The surge in attacks by non-state armed groups (NSAGs) like the Houthis in Yemen following the 7 October 2023, attack on Israel by Hamas has created a complex situation for China in the Red Sea region. These actions have put oil shipments at risk and threatened the stability of important maritime routes that are strategic chokepoints in the region. This research analyzes the increase of NSAGs in the Middle East from a neorealist perspective, with…
Reinventing new order
In recent decades, Turkish foreign policy has pursued a more independent and ambitious foreign policy that can be considered revisionist. This study aims to reveal how Türkiye constructed its revisionist foreign policy toward the MENA region in the last two decades (2002–2022). It also considers the changing Turkish identity in the AKP’s period from pro-Western and Kemalist to neo-Ottoman and Islamic as a key factor in examining Turkish foreign p…
Rashid Karami and the Palestinians
Rashid Karami, Lebanon’s longest-serving prime minister, had a long and distinguished political career. Since the late 1950s, Karami supported the Palestinian cause, which became a more pressing issue following the 1967 Arab–Israeli War. He envisioned integrating Palestinians into the Lebanese polity as part of a broader plan to align Lebanon with the Arab world. His consistency in this vision, beyond just the Palestinian issue, cemented his role…
Strategic alignment and power transition
A Pendulum Between East and West – The Dilemma Strategies of a Historic Lebanese Leader
The Quest for Regional Leadership
This paper claims that, being part of the post-Ottoman area, the South Caucasus supports Türkiye in its revisionist aspirations and in forming the great power's identity. Recent wars in Nagorno-Karabakh have also allowed Türkiye to become a new actor in the conflict-resolution process in the region. This study examines Türkiye's revisionist foreign policy in the South Caucasus, employing a constructivist framework mixed with the realist term 'rev…
The Neo-Mercantilist Nexus
China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has become a cornerstone of its hybrid neo-mercantilist geoeconomics strategy, reshaping the Middle East's geopolitical and economic landscape. This research explores how the BRI enables China to secure energy resources, expand trade networks, and establish strategic infrastructure, thereby advancing its global ambitions in a multipolar world. Unlike traditional Western military-diplomatic approaches, China …
In Defense of Lebanon
Throughout Rashid Karami's illustrious career as a Sunni za'im and Lebanon's longest-serving prime minister, he did his best to represent his community by supporting the involvement of the Syrians in Lebanese politics during Lebanon's Second Civil War. When Syrian President Hafez al-Assad took office in 1970 in a bloodless coup known as the Corrective Movement, Karami strengthened an already robust relationship with al-Assad and the Syrian establ…
A State Under Siege
Alter-globalization comprises a set of civil society organizations that refute the methods and consequences of liberal globalization or globalized capitalism. At the same time, these organizations hope to achieve a different form of globalization or global economy than the existing ones. This article intends to shed light on Iran's foreign and economic policies, which were established on the basis of the non-aligned state ideology. This ideology …
Azerbaijan’s dual foreign policy strategy toward Israel
This paper argues that Azerbaijan’s dual foreign policy strategy toward Israel explains the strengthening of ties between the two states from 2011 to 2022. Most writings usually focus on realist explanations for this process, such as the anti-Iran alliance since the beginning of the 2000s. However, this paper argues that this is a necessary but insufficient explanation and suggests that in 2011, Azerbaijan decided to move to a knowledge-based eco…
Morocco’s dual realist and neoliberalism foreign policy
Endogamy in Iran between Tradition, Religion, and Modernity
The family, which is one of the oldest and most established institutions in human history, has not always just been a reasonable arrangement for achieving biological continuance as well as sexual, emotional, and material support, it has also been one of the basic components for the creation of civilization, culture, and society. There are various types of families, one of which is the endogamous family formed by the custom of consanguineous marri…
Salafism in Lebanon
Throughout modern Lebanese history, the Sunni Muslim community has found it difficult to adapt to the newly formed state. It felt that Lebanon was a country dominated by the Maronite Christian community. Over the decades, many Lebanese Sunni Muslims, primarily in Tripoli, have lost faith in the more secular approach that has promoted uniting Lebanon with its Syrian brethren through pan-Arabism and Nasserism and has gradually begun to favor the mo…
The road to normalization
The article discusses the question of why and how the normalization between the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Israel took place and managed to evolve into a peace agreement. It offers an additional explanation to the neorealists' scholarly and commonly accepted argument: that it was only the behavior of the revisionist state of Iran that was the motive for signing the peace agreement between the two states. Furthermore, the article argues that t…
The “Proxy Wars” Strategy in Iranian Regional Foreign Policy
The Islamic Republic of Iran’s efforts to export its revolution in the Middle East is quite old news. The largest regional conventional war in recent history was the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), which not only sharpened the historical enmities and hostilities between Arab-Sunnis and Persian-Shiʿi but also revealed Iran’s new foreign policy activism among the other Shiʿi communities in the Middle East – but not only them. This article argues that, a…
Revolution in military affairs - The operation mole cricket 19 as a case study for the technological race during the cold war
The article reviews the development of the modern idea of Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) whose buds appeared after the First World War, matured during the Cold War and demonstrated in 1982 in the First Lebanon War by the Israeli Air Force, and in 1991 in the Iraq War by the American Army. After analyzing the essence of RMA, with reference to the concept of both evolution and revolution of military technologies and doctrines, the article sug…
Military Leadership by Intellectual Officers
Morris Janowitz believed that for an army to be victorious it needs to be led by as many intellectual forces as possible, just as any organization needs organizational intellectualism to prosper. It is agreed in scholarly literature that the intellectual must author various articles and manifestos to express their viewpoints, mindset, and philosophy in the public sphere. Based on Janowitz’s belief and using the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) as a c…
Reframing al-Quds Day as a unifying Islamic symbol
The Impact of Musa al-Sadr and Khomeini's Fight for Religious Influence over Lebanon
After Musa al-Sadr arrived in Lebanon in 1959, the passive Shi'i community became active, and this activism finally ended with Hezbollah gaining control in Lebanon and serving Iran in its confrontation with Israel. The research literature on al-Sadr and his activities in Lebanon shows that al-Sadr was, and still remains, a phenomenon who, by virtue of his deeds and charisma, elevated the Shi'i population in Lebanon from being a feeble and ineffec…
The Iranian diaspora and the homeland
Drawing from the multifaceted notions of diaspora mobilisation, this article analyses the complex attitudes of Iranian immigrants toward their homeland and assesses the functions and importance of the national centre in cases where the homeland is contested. As a diaspora fragmented along ethnic, religious, political and class lines, the Iranian diaspora(s) presents a challenge to any perception of a tightly bound community and solidarities based…
The road to normalization
The article discusses the question of why and how the normalization between the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Israel took place and managed to evolve into a peace agreement. It offers an additional explanation to the neorealists' scholarly and commonly accepted argument: that it was only the behavior of the revisionist state of Iran that was the motive for signing the peace agreement between the two states. Furthermore, the article argues that t…
Morocco’s dual realist and neoliberalism foreign policy
The Neo-Mercantilist Nexus
China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has become a cornerstone of its hybrid neo-mercantilist geoeconomics strategy, reshaping the Middle East's geopolitical and economic landscape. This research explores how the BRI enables China to secure energy resources, expand trade networks, and establish strategic infrastructure, thereby advancing its global ambitions in a multipolar world. Unlike traditional Western military-diplomatic approaches, China …
Azerbaijan’s state building power as a reflection of Israel–Iran hostility
Just after the collapse of the USSR in 1991 Azerbaijan became a sovereign state with a desire to be more modern and advanced than previously—and less religious, though not totally secular, than its immediate neighbour the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article will show the calculations made by Azerbaijan to find a balance that would allow it to achieve the confidence necessary to both take on an important regional role as a modern and progressiv…
Iran's Nuclear Program and the Israeli-Iranian Rivalry in the Post Revolutionary Era
The 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran led to a set of major shifts in the Middle East and an anti-Israeli stance became a central approach of the revolutionaries. Up to 1979, however, Tel Aviv had a close relationship with Tehran whose enmity with its Arab neighbours was anchored in a historical struggle for regional supremacy. Israel has remained an enemy of Islam and the Muslims for the revolutionary leaders and as Iran's power grew Israel's anxi…
The Triple Exclusion of the Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization – Their Activities for Human Rights in Iran as a Voice in the Wilderness
While dealing with the human rights issue, the Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization (MKO), which used to be the main opposition group that fought the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), did not realize that this sensitive struggle would cost it a ‘triple exclusion’. The MKO wished to use international agencies and diplomatic bodies, such as the European Union, the European Parliament, the UN and others, in order to raise the issue of human rights violation…
A Pendulum Between East and West – The Dilemma Strategies of a Historic Lebanese Leader
Salafism in Lebanon
Throughout modern Lebanese history, the Sunni Muslim community has found it difficult to adapt to the newly formed state. It felt that Lebanon was a country dominated by the Maronite Christian community. Over the decades, many Lebanese Sunni Muslims, primarily in Tripoli, have lost faith in the more secular approach that has promoted uniting Lebanon with its Syrian brethren through pan-Arabism and Nasserism and has gradually begun to favor the mo…
From Iranian Shi’ization to colonization in Syria to establish Shiʿi territorial contiguity
In recent years, we have been witnessing the Islamic Republic of Iran’s process of Shi’ization in Syria and Iraq which has been labelled Al-tabshir al-shii or tashayu by prominent Arab and Muslim clerics. These include Yusuf al-Qaradhawi and Wahbe al- Zahili, a prominent Syrian Sunni cleric who saw this expansion as an aggression that ‘must be stopped’. In 2005 Abdallah II, the king of the Hashemite Kingdom, warned that the ‘Shi’ite Crescent’ cir…
Challenging the anocracy model
Since America’s invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the consequent partial collapse of the state Iraq has been undergoing a process of deterioration and disintegration mainly because America’s vision of establishing a new, more democratic political order there encountered a lack of readiness to understand what the structure of a democratic state should be. The political process that Iraq has been going through – that is the transition from autocratic di…
The Mojahedin-e Khalq versus the Islamic Republic of Iran
Since 1986, when the Iraq–Iran war was at its climax, the Mojahedin organization and its private army, the National Liberation Army (NLA), were fortunate to gain Iraq’s financial support as well as
The Mojahedin
Screening Strangers
This book comes replete with a generous encomium from Hamid Naficy, author of An Accented Cinema: Exilic and Diasporic Filmmaking (2001). The books invite comparison. Whereas Naficy was able to show how filmmakers from migrant backgrounds were beginning to find their voice, Loshitzy concentrates on how directors of both European and migrant origin are adjusting European national cinemas to take account of new transnational and diasporic realities…
The Hojjatiyeh Society in Iran
This book analyzes the evolution of the Hojjatiyeh movement in Iran, a semi-clandestine movement which emerged in the 1950s as an anti-Baha'i movement, went underground in the 1960s, and re-emerged op
The Hojjatiyeh Society
The roots of the Shi’a clergy’s burning hatred of Baha’ism, the offspring of Babism, can be found in Sayyed ‘Alí-Muhammad’s assumption of the title “Bab,” which means the gate to the Hidden Imam. The Ulama challenged his very contention and finally brought about his execution in 1850. Babism, unlike the Baha’u’llah’s teachings, did not call for the abolishment of the clergy but it did challenge their domination within the Shi’a community and hint…
The Triple Exclusion of the Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization – Their Activities for Human Rights in Iran as a Voice in the Wilderness
While dealing with the human rights issue, the Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization (MKO), which used to be the main opposition group that fought the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), did not realize that this sensitive struggle would cost it a ‘triple exclusion’. The MKO wished to use international agencies and diplomatic bodies, such as the European Union, the European Parliament, the UN and others, in order to raise the issue of human rights violation…
The “Babak Khorramdin Organisation”
A clandestine group, symbolically called after the 9th century Iranian historical figure, “Babak Khorramdin Organisation”, appeared after the Islamic Revolution with the aim of overthrowing the Islamic government and restoring the Iranian nationalism at the expense of what they consider to be an overcultivation of the Muslim and Shi‘a identity. The article describes the organisation’s structure, character and methods, its political and national a…
Iran's Nuclear Program and the Israeli-Iranian Rivalry in the Post Revolutionary Era
The 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran led to a set of major shifts in the Middle East and an anti-Israeli stance became a central approach of the revolutionaries. Up to 1979, however, Tel Aviv had a close relationship with Tehran whose enmity with its Arab neighbours was anchored in a historical struggle for regional supremacy. Israel has remained an enemy of Islam and the Muslims for the revolutionary leaders and as Iran's power grew Israel's anxi…
Revolution Under Attack
During the revolution in Iran, a small, fanatical group called the Forqan used targeted assassinations of religious leaders to fight the Ayatollah Khomeini's plan to establish a theocratic Islamic sta
Professing Selves
"Professing Selves: Transsexuality and Same-Sex Desire in Contemporary Iran, by Afsaneh Najmabadi." Canadian Journal of History, 50(3), pp. 633–634
On Religious Issues in Contemporary Azerbaijan
The structural tensions that exist in the religious dynamics between Shi‘its and Sunnis in Azerbaijan Republic has led the country’s government to establish a new institution to monitor and supervise the religious issues. This article not only aims to surface the tensions between the “State Committee for Religious Affairs” and the informal religious institutions, but also to show if the secular image of the Azerbaijani State has been affected by …
Challenging the anocracy model
Since America’s invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the consequent partial collapse of the state Iraq has been undergoing a process of deterioration and disintegration mainly because America’s vision of establishing a new, more democratic political order there encountered a lack of readiness to understand what the structure of a democratic state should be. The political process that Iraq has been going through – that is the transition from autocratic di…
The Mojahedin-e Khalq versus the Islamic Republic of Iran
Since 1986, when the Iraq–Iran war was at its climax, the Mojahedin organization and its private army, the National Liberation Army (NLA), were fortunate to gain Iraq’s financial support as well as
Iran's Shortsighted Policies in Iraq
The main goal of the 2003 war with Iraq of the coalition forces led by the United States was to topple Saddam Hussein's regime and establish a new political system that would adopt democratic practices. Iran, a country that deemed Saddam's regime to be a threat, considered this war to be very helpful in many ways - first because it put an end to Clinton's "dual containment" approach and would thus help Iran to become a regional superpower at Iraq…
Post-Holocaust Studies in a Modern Context
"This book provides relevant theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical research findings in the area of Post-Holocaust studies. It forms a basic building-brick in the present state of the art, advocating the construction of the newly-born multi-disciplinary discipline of Post-Holocaust studies. It explores this subject from the areas of history, psychology, education, communication, art, theology, and ethics"...
Salafism in Azerbaijan
The main effort of the Azerbaijani government regarding the historical conflict between the Shiites and the Sunnis in the state, is to keep the status quo between these factions. However, the Arab Spring’s regional impact and the emergence of ISIS (ISIL and IS) led to waves of religious radicalisation, especially in the Sunnite part of Azerbaijan, which is more Turkic aligned, yet far territorially from the immediate influence of the Islamic radi…
The Issue of Citizenship for the Bidun Minority in Kuwait after the Arab Spring
Kuwait is a country in which there are many tribes but it is the al-U'zam tribe which is very dominant and influential in local politics and the economy, in contrast to the other tribes in Kuwait who are recognized by the state as being equal, but have little influence in these things. The Bedouin tribes, such as the Bidun society in Kuwait, who have been excluded from nationality and citizenship and thus have no influence, are an exception. The …
The Social Component of Resilience in the Islamic Republic of Iran
This article examines the social components of national resilience as the source of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s ability to cope with possibly lethal blows and economic setbacks through four stages: (I) an account of the 1980–1988 Iran–Iraq War and the surprising outcome that left Iran undefeated, (II) a review of several theories that can aid us to analyze Iran’s national resilience ability, (III) an analysis of Iran’s wartime survival using t…
Iran and Saudi Arabia Civilio-Theo-Zation Clash
The Middle East is experiencing a new era involving a cold war between the theocratic Shiâ i state of Iran and its rival Saudi Arabia, a theocratic Sunni state, both considering themselves the leader of the Muslim world. These countries have been rivals for decades, and the consequences of this rivalry have been shaping the Middle East since 2011. This research intends to review the main issues over the last four decades involved in the rivalry b…
From Iranian Shi’ization to colonization in Syria to establish Shiʿi territorial contiguity
In recent years, we have been witnessing the Islamic Republic of Iran’s process of Shi’ization in Syria and Iraq which has been labelled Al-tabshir al-shii or tashayu by prominent Arab and Muslim clerics. These include Yusuf al-Qaradhawi and Wahbe al- Zahili, a prominent Syrian Sunni cleric who saw this expansion as an aggression that ‘must be stopped’. In 2005 Abdallah II, the king of the Hashemite Kingdom, warned that the ‘Shi’ite Crescent’ cir…
The Mojahedin-e Khalq’s utilization of Karbala’s ethos and the creation of an ex-patriot nationalism
During the Iran-Iraq war the Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization (MeK or MKO) with its own army, the National Liberation Army of Iran (NLAI), fought side by side with Iraq’s leader. The organization, which showed determination, belief in its goals and unity and achieved several successes in the battlefield had a main, but not final, goal which was to cause the exhausted Iranian Army to collapse − so that the NLAI could then conquer Iran and replace th…
Azerbaijan’s state building power as a reflection of Israel–Iran hostility
Just after the collapse of the USSR in 1991 Azerbaijan became a sovereign state with a desire to be more modern and advanced than previously—and less religious, though not totally secular, than its immediate neighbour the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article will show the calculations made by Azerbaijan to find a balance that would allow it to achieve the confidence necessary to both take on an important regional role as a modern and progressiv…
Health, time, and space constraints
The effective provision of healthcare for asylum seekers is not only a concern for Syrians in Greece but also goes to the heart of European refugee policy. Through secondary data analysis, this article examines how underlying deficiencies in European asylum policies in Greece have translated into challenging life conditions and healthcare barriers for Syrian asylum claimants in Greece. While time and space have been two dimensions that directly c…
The Iranian diaspora and the homeland
Drawing from the multifaceted notions of diaspora mobilisation, this article analyses the complex attitudes of Iranian immigrants toward their homeland and assesses the functions and importance of the national centre in cases where the homeland is contested. As a diaspora fragmented along ethnic, religious, political and class lines, the Iranian diaspora(s) presents a challenge to any perception of a tightly bound community and solidarities based…
The “Proxy Wars” Strategy in Iranian Regional Foreign Policy
The Islamic Republic of Iran’s efforts to export its revolution in the Middle East is quite old news. The largest regional conventional war in recent history was the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), which not only sharpened the historical enmities and hostilities between Arab-Sunnis and Persian-Shiʿi but also revealed Iran’s new foreign policy activism among the other Shiʿi communities in the Middle East – but not only them. This article argues that, a…
Revolution in military affairs - The operation mole cricket 19 as a case study for the technological race during the cold war
The article reviews the development of the modern idea of Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) whose buds appeared after the First World War, matured during the Cold War and demonstrated in 1982 in the First Lebanon War by the Israeli Air Force, and in 1991 in the Iraq War by the American Army. After analyzing the essence of RMA, with reference to the concept of both evolution and revolution of military technologies and doctrines, the article sug…
Political science (38 obras) · Law (29 obras) · Politics (24 obras) · Law (22 obras) · History (21 obras) · Islamic Studies and History (21 obras) · Sociology (21 obras) · Islam (17 obras) · Ancient history (16 obras) · History (15 obras)