Damien De Walque
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1035345 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Damien De Walque |
| NOMBRES | Damien |
| APELLIDO | De Walque |
| FIRMA | DE WALQUE D |
| AFILIACIONES | World Bank Group |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1592-7602 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 126 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2004 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Psychological barriers to participation in the labor market
Mental health conditions are strongly associated with reduced labor market participation, but the underlying channels through which such conditions impact labor supply remain unclear. We conduct a two-phase study decomposing this relationship by examining (i) job take-up decisions and (ii) labor supply, output, and earning conditional on job take-up, and (iii) quit rates. In Phase 1, women in rural Ghana are asked whether they would be willing to…
Effects of a Lottery Incentive on STI/HIV Incidence Among Female Sex Workers in Tanzania
Female sex workers (FSW) are a key population who experience a disproportionately high burden of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). A growing body of evidence suggests that financial incentives can reduce risky sexual behavior and reduce HIV/STI incidence, however few studies have examined a lottery-based incentive mechanism or been conducted with FSW. We examined the effect of a lottery intervention on combined HIV/HSV2 incidence am…
The decision-makers we become
Effect of a Lottery Intervention on Gender-Based Violence among Female Sex Workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Financial incentives are a promising approach for HIV prevention. Some studies have shown that financial incentive interventions aimed to promote positive health and social behaviors have mixed or harmful effects on gender-based violence, and little is known about their effects among higher risk groups such as female sex workers. To address this gap, this study investigated the relationship between a lottery-based incentive and gender-based viole…
Effects of a Lottery Incentive on Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV Incidence among Female Sex Workers in Tanzania
Female sex workers are a key population who experience a disproportionately high burden of HIV and sexually transmitted infections. A growing body of evidence suggests that financial incentives can reduce risky sexual behavior and the incidence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections; however, few studies have examined a lottery-based incentive mechanism or been conducted with female sex workers. This paper examines the effect of a lottery int…
Influence of Covid-19 on Female Sex Workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
This study investigates how the landscape of sex work in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, evolved in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic. Using a mixed-methods approach, the analysis triangulates data from quantitative and qualitative sources to quantify shifts in income, demand, and client frequency and describe female sex workers’ perspectives on their work environment. The COVID-19 restrictions introduced in early 2020 resulted in dramatic decreases …
Incentivizing Quantity and Quality of Care
To improve utilization and quality of health services, a growing number of low- and middle-income countries have been experimenting with financial incentives tied to providers’ performance. Relying on a difference-in-differences approach, we estimate the impacts of the performance-based financing pilot in Tajikistan. Primary care facilities were given financial incentives conditional on the quality and quantity of selected services. Significant i…
The impact of financial incentives on HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women in Eswatini
Introduction Incentives conditional on school attendance or on remaining free of sexually transmitted infections have produced mixed results in reducing HIV incidence. Methods HIV-negative adolescent girls and young women aged 15–22%–50% of whom were out of school—were recruited from 293 clusters in Eswatini from urban (30%) and rural areas (70%). Financial incentives conditional on education attendance were randomly allocated at the cluster leve…
Jama Health Forum Peer Reviewers in 2021
Conditional cash transfers to improve health-focused outcomes
This scoping review assesses the use of conditional cash transfer (CCT) interventions - direct distribution of money to individuals conditional on their compliance to certain requirements - in randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies and large community-based randomised trials with health-focused outcomes. Five databases were searched to identify 68 records published 2004-2021 from 25 countries (8 low- (32%), 5 lower middle- (20%)…
Invitations, incentives, and conditions
Looking into the performance-based financing black box
Performance-based financing (PBF) is a complex health systems intervention aimed at improving the coverage and quality of care. Several studies have shown a positive impact of PBF on health service coverage, often coupled with improvements in quality, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms driving those results. This article presents results of a randomized impact evaluation in Cameroon designed to isolate the role of specific compon…
A randomized trial of cash incentives for sexual behavior change among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam
Evaluating the effectiveness of incentives to improve HIV prevention outcomes for young females in Eswatini
PACTR201811609257043 . Date of registration: May 11, 2018 'Retrospectively registered'. URL of trial registry record: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=4685
The use of financial incentives to prevent unhealthy behaviors
Relative Measures of Genocide Mortality
When studying events such as the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda, for many researchers the first order question seems to be to find the best available data and methods to estimate the death toll, i.e. to provide a number of deaths in absolute terms. This makes sense since the staggering number of victims over a very short period is one of the most shocking – and defining – features of such an historical event. This short note argues that while looking fo…
The use of video vignettes to measure health worker knowledge. Evidence from Burkina Faso
Mutual HIV status disclosure is associated with consistent condom use in public sector ART clients in Free State province, South Africa
Risky sexual behaviour in PLWHA on antiretroviral therapy threatens both prevention and treatment efforts, but disclosure promises to support safer sexual practices. This paper investigates the association between HIV self-disclosure and consistent condom use in a cohort of public sector patients on antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. Using data from the FEATS cohort study, logistic regression analysis shows that knowledge of your partner's HIV statu…
Women’s Relationship Power Modifies the Effect of a Randomized Conditional Cash Transfer Intervention for Safer Sex in Tanzania
Female sex workers use power over their day-to-day lives to meet the condition of a conditional cash transfer intervention to incentivize safe sex
The Impact of Positive Income Shocks on Risky Sexual Behavior
Coping with Risk
Transactional sex is believed to be an important risk-coping mechanism for women in Sub-Saharan Africa and a leading contributor to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This paper uses data from a panel of women in rural Tanzania whose primary occupation is agriculture. The analysis finds that following a negative shock (such as food insecurity), unmarried women are about three times more likely to have been paid for sex. Regardless of marital status, after a …
Socioeconomic determinants of stigmatization and HIV testing in Lesotho
HIV/AIDS stigmatizing attitudes and their consequences on preventative behaviors are among the most poorly understood aspects of the AIDS epidemic. This paper analyzes the socioeconomic determinants of discriminating attitudes toward people living with HIV and their implications on the likelihood of HIV testing. These effects are tested using the 2004 and 2009 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Lesotho, where HIV/AIDS is a pervasive prob…
School feeding programs, intrahousehold allocation and the nutrition of siblings
Trends and Socioeconomic Gradients in Adult Mortality around the Developing World
We combine data from 84 Demographic and Health Surveys from 46 countries to analyze trends and socioeconomic differences in adult mortality, calculating mortality based on the sibling mortality reports collected from female respondents aged 15-49. The analysis yields four main findings. First, adult mortality is different from child mortality: while under-5 mortality shows a definite improving trend over time, adult mortality does not, especially…
Sero-Discordant Couples in Five African Countries
Most analyses of the determinants of HIV infection are performed at the individual level. The recent Demographic and Health Surveys, which include results from HIV tests, allow the study of HIV infection at the level of the cohabiting couple. This article exploits this feature of the data for Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania. The analysis yields two findings about the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic that have important implica…
How does the impact of an HIV/Aids information campaign vary with educational attainment? Evidence from rural Uganda
The socio-demographic legacy of the Khmer Rouge period in Cambodia
The study presented in this paper is an examination of the long-term impact of genocide during the period of the Khmer Rouge regime (1975-79) in Cambodia. The very high and selective mortality of the period had a major impact on the population structure of Cambodia. Fertility and marriage rates were both very low under the Khmer Rouge, but recovered immediately after the regime's collapse. Because of the shortage of eligible men, the age and educ…
Selective Mortality During the Khmer Rouge Period in Cambodia
Aspects of the long-term demographic impact of genocide during the period of the Khmer Rouge (1975–79) in Cambodia are analyzed. Mortality data for siblings from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey in 2000 demonstrate that excess mortality was extremely high and heavily concentrated during 1974–80. The study also shows that mortality was highly selective during that period. Adult males were the most likely to die, indicating that violent d…
The Association Between Remarriage and HIV Infection in 13 Sub‐Saharan African Countries
Separated, divorced, and widowed individuals in Africa are at significantly increased risk for HIV infection. Using nationally representative data from 13 sub‐Saharan African countries, this study confirms that finding and goes further by examining those who have experienced a marital dissolution and are now remarried. Results show that remarried individuals form a large portion of the population and have a higher‐than‐average HIV prevalence. HIV…
School feeding programs, intrahousehold allocation and the nutrition of siblings
Child Ability and Household Human Capital Investment Decisions in Burkina Faso
Using data we collected in Burkina Faso, we explore how child ability influences parents' decisions to invest in their children's human capital. We use a direct measure of child ability for all primary school-aged children, regardless of current school enrollment. We explicitly incorporate direct measures of the ability of each child's siblings (both absolute and relative measures) to show how sibling rivalry exerts an impact on the parents' deci…
Trends and Socioeconomic Gradients in Adult Mortality around the Developing World
We combine data from 84 Demographic and Health Surveys from 46 countries to analyze trends and socioeconomic differences in adult mortality, calculating mortality based on the sibling mortality reports collected from female respondents aged 15-49. The analysis yields four main findings. First, adult mortality is different from child mortality: while under-5 mortality shows a definite improving trend over time, adult mortality does not, especially…
A randomized trial of cash incentives for sexual behavior change among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam
Variations in Condom Use by Type of Partner in 13 Sub‐Saharan African Countries
Using nationally representative data from 13 sub‐Saharan African countries, we reinforce and expand upon previous findings that men report using condoms more frequently than women do and that unmarried respondents report that they use condoms with casual partners more frequently than married individuals report using them with their spouses. Based on descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses, we also demonstrate to a degree not previously …
Incentivizing Quantity and Quality of Care
To improve utilization and quality of health services, a growing number of low- and middle-income countries have been experimenting with financial incentives tied to providers’ performance. Relying on a difference-in-differences approach, we estimate the impacts of the performance-based financing pilot in Tajikistan. Primary care facilities were given financial incentives conditional on the quality and quantity of selected services. Significant i…
Female sex workers use power over their day-to-day lives to meet the condition of a conditional cash transfer intervention to incentivize safe sex
Psychological barriers to participation in the labor market
Mental health conditions are strongly associated with reduced labor market participation, but the underlying channels through which such conditions impact labor supply remain unclear. We conduct a two-phase study decomposing this relationship by examining (i) job take-up decisions and (ii) labor supply, output, and earning conditional on job take-up, and (iii) quit rates. In Phase 1, women in rural Ghana are asked whether they would be willing to…
Antiretroviral Therapy Perceived Efficacy and Risky Sexual Behaviors
This paper studies the effect of increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for AIDS on self-reported risky sexual behavior, using data collected in Mozambique in 2007 and 2008. The survey sampled both households from randomly selected HIV positive individuals and comparison households from the general population. Controlling for unobserved individual characteristics, our findings support the hypothesis of disinhibition behaviors, in which …
Parental Education and Children's Schooling Outcomes
In this article, I investigate how educational outcomes of orphans are affected by the education of the family members in their new family. The study uses household survey data from Rwanda that contain a large proportion of children living in households without their biological parents. The data also allow controlling for the educational attainment of the absent biological parents and the type of relationship that links the children to their adop…
The Long-Term Legacy of the Khmer Rouge Period in Cambodia
"De Walque studies the long-term impact of genocide during the period of the Khmer Rouge (1975-79) in Cambodia and contributes to the literature on the economic analysis of conflict. Using mortality data for siblings from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey in 2000, he shows that excess mortality was extremely high and heavily concentrated during 1974-80. Adult males had been the most likely to die, indicating that violent death played a m…
Education, Information, and Smoking Decisions
The author tests the hypothesis that education improves health and increases people's life expectancy. Smoking histories-reconstructed from retrospective data in the National Health Interview Surveys in the United States-show that after 1950, when information about the dangers associated with tobacco consumption started to diffuse, the prevalence of smoking declined earlier and most dramatically for college graduates. More educated individuals ar…
Selective Mortality During the Khmer Rouge Period in Cambodia
Aspects of the long-term demographic impact of genocide during the period of the Khmer Rouge (1975–79) in Cambodia are analyzed. Mortality data for siblings from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey in 2000 demonstrate that excess mortality was extremely high and heavily concentrated during 1974–80. The study also shows that mortality was highly selective during that period. Adult males were the most likely to die, indicating that violent d…
How does the impact of an HIV/Aids information campaign vary with educational attainment? Evidence from rural Uganda
The socio-demographic legacy of the Khmer Rouge period in Cambodia
The study presented in this paper is an examination of the long-term impact of genocide during the period of the Khmer Rouge regime (1975-79) in Cambodia. The very high and selective mortality of the period had a major impact on the population structure of Cambodia. Fertility and marriage rates were both very low under the Khmer Rouge, but recovered immediately after the regime's collapse. Because of the shortage of eligible men, the age and educ…
Does education affect smoking behaviors?
Sero-Discordant Couples in Five African Countries
Most analyses of the determinants of HIV infection are performed at the individual level. The recent Demographic and Health Surveys, which include results from HIV tests, allow the study of HIV infection at the level of the cohabiting couple. This article exploits this feature of the data for Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania. The analysis yields two findings about the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic that have important implica…
Armed Conflict And Schooling
Civil war, and genocide in particular, \n are among the most destructive of social phenomena, \n especially for children of school-going age. In Rwanda \n school enrollment trends suggest that the school system \n recovered quickly after 1994, but these numbers do not tell \n the full story. Two cross-sectional household surveys \n collected before and after the genocide are used to compare \n children in the same age group who were and were not …
Parental Education and Children's Schooling Outcomes
In this article, I investigate how educational outcomes of orphans are affected by the education of the family members in their new family. The study uses household survey data from Rwanda that contain a large proportion of children living in households without their biological parents. The data also allow controlling for the educational attainment of the absent biological parents and the type of relationship that links the children to their adop…
Mobile phone technologies improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment in a resource-limited setting
OBJECTIVE: There is limited evidence on whether growing mobile phone availability in sub-Saharan Africa can be used to promote high adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study tested the efficacy of short message service (SMS) reminders on adherence to ART among patients attending a rural clinic in Kenya. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial of four SMS reminder interventions with 48 weeks of follow-up. METHODS: Four hundred and thirty…
Variations in Condom Use by Type of Partner in 13 Sub‐Saharan African Countries
Using nationally representative data from 13 sub‐Saharan African countries, we reinforce and expand upon previous findings that men report using condoms more frequently than women do and that unmarried respondents report that they use condoms with casual partners more frequently than married individuals report using them with their spouses. Based on descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses, we also demonstrate to a degree not previously …
Incentivising safe sex
OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated the use of conditional cash transfers as an HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention strategy to incentivise safe sex. DESIGN: An unblinded, individually randomised and controlled trial. SETTING: 10 villages within the Kilombero/Ulanga districts of the Ifakara Health and Demographic Surveillance System in rural south-west Tanzania. PARTICIPANTS: The authors enrolled 2399 participants, aged 18-30 years, in…
The Association Between Remarriage and HIV Infection in 13 Sub‐Saharan African Countries
Separated, divorced, and widowed individuals in Africa are at significantly increased risk for HIV infection. Using nationally representative data from 13 sub‐Saharan African countries, this study confirms that finding and goes further by examining those who have experienced a marital dissolution and are now remarried. Results show that remarried individuals form a large portion of the population and have a higher‐than‐average HIV prevalence. HIV…
Child Ability and Household Human Capital Investment Decisions in Burkina Faso
Using data we collected in Burkina Faso, we explore how child ability influences parents' decisions to invest in their children's human capital. We use a direct measure of child ability for all primary school-aged children, regardless of current school enrollment. We explicitly incorporate direct measures of the ability of each child's siblings (both absolute and relative measures) to show how sibling rivalry exerts an impact on the parents' deci…
Antiretroviral Therapy Perceived Efficacy and Risky Sexual Behaviors
This paper studies the effect of increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for AIDS on self-reported risky sexual behavior, using data collected in Mozambique in 2007 and 2008. The survey sampled both households from randomly selected HIV positive individuals and comparison households from the general population. Controlling for unobserved individual characteristics, our findings support the hypothesis of disinhibition behaviors, in which …
Socioeconomic determinants of stigmatization and HIV testing in Lesotho
HIV/AIDS stigmatizing attitudes and their consequences on preventative behaviors are among the most poorly understood aspects of the AIDS epidemic. This paper analyzes the socioeconomic determinants of discriminating attitudes toward people living with HIV and their implications on the likelihood of HIV testing. These effects are tested using the 2004 and 2009 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Lesotho, where HIV/AIDS is a pervasive prob…
School feeding programs, intrahousehold allocation and the nutrition of siblings
Trends and Socioeconomic Gradients in Adult Mortality around the Developing World
We combine data from 84 Demographic and Health Surveys from 46 countries to analyze trends and socioeconomic differences in adult mortality, calculating mortality based on the sibling mortality reports collected from female respondents aged 15-49. The analysis yields four main findings. First, adult mortality is different from child mortality: while under-5 mortality shows a definite improving trend over time, adult mortality does not, especially…
Coping with Risk
Transactional sex is believed to be an important risk-coping mechanism for women in Sub-Saharan Africa and a leading contributor to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This paper uses data from a panel of women in rural Tanzania whose primary occupation is agriculture. The analysis finds that following a negative shock (such as food insecurity), unmarried women are about three times more likely to have been paid for sex. Regardless of marital status, after a …
The Impact of Positive Income Shocks on Risky Sexual Behavior
Mutual HIV status disclosure is associated with consistent condom use in public sector ART clients in Free State province, South Africa
Risky sexual behaviour in PLWHA on antiretroviral therapy threatens both prevention and treatment efforts, but disclosure promises to support safer sexual practices. This paper investigates the association between HIV self-disclosure and consistent condom use in a cohort of public sector patients on antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. Using data from the FEATS cohort study, logistic regression analysis shows that knowledge of your partner's HIV statu…
Women’s Relationship Power Modifies the Effect of a Randomized Conditional Cash Transfer Intervention for Safer Sex in Tanzania
Female sex workers use power over their day-to-day lives to meet the condition of a conditional cash transfer intervention to incentivize safe sex
The use of video vignettes to measure health worker knowledge. Evidence from Burkina Faso
Evaluating the effectiveness of incentives to improve HIV prevention outcomes for young females in Eswatini
PACTR201811609257043 . Date of registration: May 11, 2018 'Retrospectively registered'. URL of trial registry record: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=4685
Medicine (31 obras) · Demography (23 obras) · Economics (19 obras) · Environmental health (17 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (15 obras) · Psychology (15 obras) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (14 obras) · Economic growth (14 obras) · Family medicine (14 obras) · Population (14 obras)