W Bloom
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 10585 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | W Bloom |
| NOMBRES | W |
| APELLIDO | Bloom |
| FIRMA | BLOOM W |
| AFILIACIONES | Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3556-5418 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 32 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 108 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 32 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1958 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2003 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
The Word as Scalpel
The Word as Scalpel
The Origins
Medical sociology is an old conception but relatively young as a field of endeavor.’ From early in the nineteenth century, one can trace research activities that are remarkably close, at least in style, to their modern counterparts in medical sociology. Until about seventy-five years ago, however, such studies were episodic, linked to major events like the struggle for political and social rights of the European middle class in the 1840s, the sim…
First Steps toward Social Identity
The substantial intellectual and methodological foundations for a sociology of medicine that had accumulated by 1940 did not immediately spawn an identifiable special field. Even the name “medical sociology,” in spite of its appearance at the end of the nineteenth century, disappeared, and exactly when it surfaced again is obscure. Nevertheless, the subject matter began to be taught, in the thirties by Bernhard Stern at Columbia, in the early 194…
An Era of Change, 1980-2000
Medical sociology, as a general rule, followed a path parallel but slightly behind national trends in science and higher education. At the same time, relations between mainstream science, medicine, and social science were unstable. During the century prior to World War II, there was a certain consistency in the objectives they shared: social science actually played a larger role in medical research than is generally known, and both took it as the…
From Ad Hoc Committee to Professional Association
The Section on Medical Sociology of the ASA is the first and most widely known professional association for social scientists with interests in problems of health and illness. The Section was formally created in 1959, but it developed from an unaffiliated organization, the Committee on Medical Sociology, started in 1955. The Committee was founded by sociologists but included the full range of social scientists, anthropologists, social psychologis…
Between the World Wars
The period between the two world wars was, for sociology generally, a time of growth and of institutionalization. As for medical sociology, this was when much of its intellectual foundation was built. Bernhard Stern, Michael Davis, and Henry Sigerist carried forward the traditions of social medicine, both scholarly and activist. Within academic sociology, on the other hand, a quite different approach was initiated. Lawrence J. Henderson, in a Har…
Becoming a Profession
Medical sociology, to establish itself, required conditions of intellectual interest, of social demand, of sponsorship, and of resources. Although the federal government, particularly NIMH, was instrumental in the professional development of medical sociology, private foundations prepared the way—especially in training, in introducing the social sciences into medical education, and in directly stimulating and supporting professional organization.…
Regional and Intellectual Influences
After dominating American sociology for the first third of the century, the University of Chicago yielded to the East Coast Ivy League Universities of Harvard and Columbia as the center of influence.’ Included was a change of focus from the field centered study of Chicago as an urban laboratory to European-based theory. The strength of the Midwestern research preference for positivism and data-based methods was by no means lost, but the paradigms…
Postwar Medical Sociology
Virtually none of those who became the first generation of medical sociologists were trained in any formal way to study problems of health, illness, or the medical profession. This should not suggest that they changed direction when they became medical sociologists. Quite the contrary; there are strong continuities between their early and later work. The career of August B. (Sandy) Hollingshead is typical of this pattern. His first major research…
American Sociology before 1920
The emergence of medical sociology can only be understood within the context of the American university. Even though the English and German universities were, in many ways, the models for American institutions, a more organized social science was produced in American universities than anywhere else in the world, and medical sociology developed as an intrinsic part of its parent discipline. The character of this historic development did not become…
The University of Chicago
In 1920, American sociology was still dominated by the University of Chicago. Not only was it the first university department of sociology in the world, it quickly became the single main source of both the intellectual and institutional development of the field, including research on the sociology of medicine. Albion Small (1854-1926), the founding chairman, was from the same mold as the other leading American sociologists of that time: he was a …
The Role of Nimh, 1946-1975
At midcentury, the institutions responsible for higher education in the United States were poised for a radical transformation. The changes that followed the war appear at first to pick up and continue the prewar trends, but they were both more fundamental and more diverse. For example, the scientific function of the medical school that Abraham Flexner had recommended in 1910 had been gradually realized during the next two decades. By 1930, as St…
The Word as Scalpel
Medical Sociology is now an established subdiscipline in both medicine and sociology. This book traces the intellectual and institutional evolution of the field in relation to antecendents of the past 2000 years and developments in American sociology and medicine since the turn of the century. Drawing on his own experience as a participant and witness, Bloom provides an engaging account of the ongoing search for knowledge about the relationship b…
Reform without change? Look beyond the curriculum
tributing to the probability of severe prematurity.14'15 This can be viewed as another form of the perinatal paradox, one in which attempts to improve the probability of a healthy, full-term baby increase the probability of adversities (perhaps including the risk of ovarian malignancy in the mother).16 I wrote this annotation to affirm Dr Kliegman's call for public policy programs that contribute to social equity. At the same time, I want public …
The intellectual in a time of crisis
Bernhard J. Stern, an outstanding sociologist and a political radical, and victimized by Congressional investigating committees during the McCarthy period. The scope of Stern's intellectual contribution is described and his fate as a radical is examined. The history of Stern's treatment by Columbia University and his colleagues is described with the benefit of hitherto unpublished archival materials. This testimony is valuable in that Stern's cas…
Episodes in the Institutionalization of Medical Sociology
I want first to thank George Reader for standing up for me.I I met George in 1953 at the Columbia University Bureau of Applied Social Research (BASR), where I had just joined the research staff of what became known as the student-physician project.2 It was my introduction to the world of medicine, and George was my first close physician colleague. I quickly discovered that George was not typical. A few months after I began working for the BASR, I…
Structure and Ideology in Medical Education
Samuel W. Bloom, Structure and Ideology in Medical Education: An Analysis of Resistance to Change, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 29, No. 4, Theme: Continuities in the Sociology of Medical Education (Dec., 1988), pp. 294-306
Institutional Trends in Medical Sociology
The emphasis of this analysis is on the social institutional history of medical sociology. This subfield is described as (1) closely connected with the patterns of development in its current discipline, (2) as containing a dual thrust between applied and basic science, and (3) as struggling with insider-outsider ambiguity involving the work of subgroups working either in medicine or from roles external to medicine but studying the sociology of me…
Behavioral sciences and medical education
International Studies of Health Manpower
Badgley, Robin F.; Bloom, Samuel; Mechanic, David; Pearson, R John C.; Wolfe, Samuel Author Information
Medical practice in modern England
The Sociology of Medical Education
The general purpose of this paper is to review the state of a research field, the sociology of medical education. It is fully 15 years since the field became active, and one can now count at least seven attempts, each with the full thrust of major team research organization and support, to study the processes by which medical students selectively acquire the attitudes and values of the physician's social role. If one looks over all of these studi…
Patienthood in the Mental Hospital
Handbook of Medical Sociology
HANDBOOK OF MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY Samuel W. Bloom CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.54.3.543-a Published Online: August 29, 2011
Handbook of Medical Sociology
The Word as Scalpel
Medical Sociology is now an established subdiscipline in both medicine and sociology. This book traces the intellectual and institutional evolution of the field in relation to antecendents of the past 2000 years and developments in American sociology and medicine since the turn of the century. Drawing on his own experience as a participant and witness, Bloom provides an engaging account of the ongoing search for knowledge about the relationship b…
Structure and Ideology in Medical Education
Samuel W. Bloom, Structure and Ideology in Medical Education: An Analysis of Resistance to Change, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 29, No. 4, Theme: Continuities in the Sociology of Medical Education (Dec., 1988), pp. 294-306
The Sociology of Medical Education
The general purpose of this paper is to review the state of a research field, the sociology of medical education. It is fully 15 years since the field became active, and one can now count at least seven attempts, each with the full thrust of major team research organization and support, to study the processes by which medical students selectively acquire the attitudes and values of the physician's social role. If one looks over all of these studi…
The Doctor and His Patient
The Process of Becoming a Physician
Research into the processes by which medical students selectively acquire the attitudes and values of the medical profession falls into two general categories: (1) in vestigations which conceive of the medical school as a whole environment or social system, (2) studies which focus on the social psychology of particular attitudes. Both types have been concerned to a large extent with the problem of students' attitudes toward human relations. Factu…
The Word as Scalpel
Institutional Trends in Medical Sociology
The emphasis of this analysis is on the social institutional history of medical sociology. This subfield is described as (1) closely connected with the patterns of development in its current discipline, (2) as containing a dual thrust between applied and basic science, and (3) as struggling with insider-outsider ambiguity involving the work of subgroups working either in medicine or from roles external to medicine but studying the sociology of me…
Behavioral sciences and medical education
Episodes in the Institutionalization of Medical Sociology
I want first to thank George Reader for standing up for me.I I met George in 1953 at the Columbia University Bureau of Applied Social Research (BASR), where I had just joined the research staff of what became known as the student-physician project.2 It was my introduction to the world of medicine, and George was my first close physician colleague. I quickly discovered that George was not typical. A few months after I began working for the BASR, I…
The Word as Scalpel
Reform without change? Look beyond the curriculum
tributing to the probability of severe prematurity.14'15 This can be viewed as another form of the perinatal paradox, one in which attempts to improve the probability of a healthy, full-term baby increase the probability of adversities (perhaps including the risk of ovarian malignancy in the mother).16 I wrote this annotation to affirm Dr Kliegman's call for public policy programs that contribute to social equity. At the same time, I want public …
Doctor and Patient in Soviet Russia. Mark G. Field
The War Blind in American Social Structure. Alan G. Gowman
Emotional Illness and Interaction Process
Informal patient groups on an open psychiatric ward are identified and described by observational and sociometric techniques. The structures and functions of these groups are studied in relationship to those of more formal patient groups. The leadership clique functioned as a governing, staff-value supporting, and quasi-socializing agency, The dissident clique permitted withdrawal of about-to-be-discharged patients from institutional values but a…
Affective Orientation and Physiological Activity (GSR) in Small Peer Groups
The relationships that comprise small groups of peers present to the participants a web of interpersonal attractions, repulsions, and indifferences. In the present investigation it was hypothesized that, when a strong affective orientation (positive or negative) exists between members of a group, the affective response of these members to the pattern of interpersonal activity in the group will covary, and this covariation of affective response wi…
The Process of Becoming a Physician
Research into the processes by which medical students selectively acquire the attitudes and values of the medical profession falls into two general categories: (1) in vestigations which conceive of the medical school as a whole environment or social system, (2) studies which focus on the social psychology of particular attitudes. Both types have been concerned to a large extent with the problem of students' attitudes toward human relations. Factu…
Handbook of Medical Sociology
HANDBOOK OF MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY Samuel W. Bloom CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.54.3.543-a Published Online: August 29, 2011
The Doctor and His Patient
Handbook of Medical Sociology
The Sociology of Medical Education
The general purpose of this paper is to review the state of a research field, the sociology of medical education. It is fully 15 years since the field became active, and one can now count at least seven attempts, each with the full thrust of major team research organization and support, to study the processes by which medical students selectively acquire the attitudes and values of the physician's social role. If one looks over all of these studi…
Patienthood in the Mental Hospital
Medical practice in modern England
International Studies of Health Manpower
Badgley, Robin F.; Bloom, Samuel; Mechanic, David; Pearson, R John C.; Wolfe, Samuel Author Information
Behavioral sciences and medical education
Institutional Trends in Medical Sociology
The emphasis of this analysis is on the social institutional history of medical sociology. This subfield is described as (1) closely connected with the patterns of development in its current discipline, (2) as containing a dual thrust between applied and basic science, and (3) as struggling with insider-outsider ambiguity involving the work of subgroups working either in medicine or from roles external to medicine but studying the sociology of me…
Structure and Ideology in Medical Education
Samuel W. Bloom, Structure and Ideology in Medical Education: An Analysis of Resistance to Change, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 29, No. 4, Theme: Continuities in the Sociology of Medical Education (Dec., 1988), pp. 294-306
The intellectual in a time of crisis
Bernhard J. Stern, an outstanding sociologist and a political radical, and victimized by Congressional investigating committees during the McCarthy period. The scope of Stern's intellectual contribution is described and his fate as a radical is examined. The history of Stern's treatment by Columbia University and his colleagues is described with the benefit of hitherto unpublished archival materials. This testimony is valuable in that Stern's cas…
Episodes in the Institutionalization of Medical Sociology
I want first to thank George Reader for standing up for me.I I met George in 1953 at the Columbia University Bureau of Applied Social Research (BASR), where I had just joined the research staff of what became known as the student-physician project.2 It was my introduction to the world of medicine, and George was my first close physician colleague. I quickly discovered that George was not typical. A few months after I began working for the BASR, I…
Reform without change? Look beyond the curriculum
tributing to the probability of severe prematurity.14'15 This can be viewed as another form of the perinatal paradox, one in which attempts to improve the probability of a healthy, full-term baby increase the probability of adversities (perhaps including the risk of ovarian malignancy in the mother).16 I wrote this annotation to affirm Dr Kliegman's call for public policy programs that contribute to social equity. At the same time, I want public …
The Origins
Medical sociology is an old conception but relatively young as a field of endeavor.’ From early in the nineteenth century, one can trace research activities that are remarkably close, at least in style, to their modern counterparts in medical sociology. Until about seventy-five years ago, however, such studies were episodic, linked to major events like the struggle for political and social rights of the European middle class in the 1840s, the sim…
First Steps toward Social Identity
The substantial intellectual and methodological foundations for a sociology of medicine that had accumulated by 1940 did not immediately spawn an identifiable special field. Even the name “medical sociology,” in spite of its appearance at the end of the nineteenth century, disappeared, and exactly when it surfaced again is obscure. Nevertheless, the subject matter began to be taught, in the thirties by Bernhard Stern at Columbia, in the early 194…
An Era of Change, 1980-2000
Medical sociology, as a general rule, followed a path parallel but slightly behind national trends in science and higher education. At the same time, relations between mainstream science, medicine, and social science were unstable. During the century prior to World War II, there was a certain consistency in the objectives they shared: social science actually played a larger role in medical research than is generally known, and both took it as the…
From Ad Hoc Committee to Professional Association
The Section on Medical Sociology of the ASA is the first and most widely known professional association for social scientists with interests in problems of health and illness. The Section was formally created in 1959, but it developed from an unaffiliated organization, the Committee on Medical Sociology, started in 1955. The Committee was founded by sociologists but included the full range of social scientists, anthropologists, social psychologis…
Between the World Wars
The period between the two world wars was, for sociology generally, a time of growth and of institutionalization. As for medical sociology, this was when much of its intellectual foundation was built. Bernhard Stern, Michael Davis, and Henry Sigerist carried forward the traditions of social medicine, both scholarly and activist. Within academic sociology, on the other hand, a quite different approach was initiated. Lawrence J. Henderson, in a Har…
Becoming a Profession
Medical sociology, to establish itself, required conditions of intellectual interest, of social demand, of sponsorship, and of resources. Although the federal government, particularly NIMH, was instrumental in the professional development of medical sociology, private foundations prepared the way—especially in training, in introducing the social sciences into medical education, and in directly stimulating and supporting professional organization.…
Regional and Intellectual Influences
After dominating American sociology for the first third of the century, the University of Chicago yielded to the East Coast Ivy League Universities of Harvard and Columbia as the center of influence.’ Included was a change of focus from the field centered study of Chicago as an urban laboratory to European-based theory. The strength of the Midwestern research preference for positivism and data-based methods was by no means lost, but the paradigms…
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