Michael Jessen
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 107733 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Michael Jessen |
| NOMBRES | Michael |
| APELLIDO | Jessen |
| FIRMA | JESSEN M |
| AFILIACIONES | UnDeSkRiMiNaLa |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 18 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 47 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 18 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1988 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Toward Shifting to a Verbal Likelihood Ratio Framework for Forensic Voice Comparison at the BKA Text, Speech, and Audio Department
This is Part 2 of a report outlining a strategy to change the conclusion framework in forensic voice comparison from verbal posterior probabilities to verbal likelihood ratios at the Text, Speech and Audio Department of the German Bundeskriminalamt. Like in Part 1, this part of the report addresses how to combine results from different methods when these methods have different preferences, this time with respect to the distinctions between common…
Toward Shifting to a Verbal Likelihood Ratio Framework for Forensic Voice Comparison at the BKA Text, Speech and Audio Department
This Professional Practice Report outlines a strategy for how to change the conclusion framework in forensic voice comparison from verbal posterior probabilities to verbal likelihood ratios at the Text, Speech and Audio Department of the German Bundeskriminalamt. While immediately intended for this purpose, the issues raised are of broader concern and should be of interest to other providers of forensic voice comparison services. The major issue …
Distributional and Acoustic Characteristics of Filler Particles in German with Consideration of Forensic-Phonetic Aspects
In this study, we investigate the use of the filler particles (FPs) uh, um, hm, as well as glottal FPs and tongue clicks of 100 male native German speakers in a corpus of spontaneous speech. For this purpose, the frequency distribution, FP duration, duration of pauses surrounding FPs, voice quality of FPs, and their vowel quality are investigated in two conditions, namely, normal speech and Lombard speech. Speaker-specific patterns are investigat…
Empirical evidence for laryngeal features
It is well known that German utterance-initial lenis stops are voiceless but that German intervocalic (or intersonorant) lenis stops are sometimes produced with voicing. This variable voicing can be understood as passive voicing , voicing that results because of the voiced context, rather than from active voicing gestures by speakers. Thus, speakers are not actively aiming to voice intervocalic stops, just as they are not actively aiming to voice…
German fricatives
In this paper we show how Jessen & Ringen's (2002) analysis of voicing in German stops can be extended to account for the voicing of German fricatives. It is argued that while stops in German contrast for the feature [spread glottis], fricatives contrast for [voice] (and [spread glottis]). Our analysis, which involves presonorant faithfulness, is compared to an analysis with coda devoicing. We show that the two analyses make crucially different p…
Forensic Phonetics
An overview of forensic phonetics is presented, focusing on speaker identification as its core task. Speaker profiling/speaker classification is applied when the offender has been recorded, but no suspect has been found. Auditory speaker identification by victims and witnesses becomes relevant when no speech recording of the offender is available. It can take the form of familiar-speaker identification or unfamiliar-speaker identification, and in…
Influence of vocal effort on average and variability of fundamental frequency
Read and spontaneous speech was produced by 100 male adult speakers of German in a neutral setting and in a Lombard setting, where 80 dB noise was presented over headphones. Average f0 (‘f0mean’) and relative standard deviation of f0 (‘f0varco’) were determined for each speaker in each of the four conditions spontaneous neutral, spontaneous loud, read neutral and read loud. The results confirm that when increasing vocal effort from neutral to lou…
Laryngeal features in German
It is well known that initially and when preceded by a word that ends with a voiceless sound, German so-called ‘voiced’ stops are usually voiceless, that intervocalically both voiced and voiceless stops occur and that syllable-final (obstruent) stops are voiceless. Such a distribution is consistent with an analysis in which the contrast is one of [voice] and syllable-final stops are devoiced. It is also consistent with the view that in German the…
Voice quality differences associated with stops and clicks in Xhosa
Wordstress in West-Germanic and North-Germanic languages
Phonetics and Phonology of Tense and Lax Obstruents in German
Knowing that the so-called voiced and voiceless stops in languages like English and German do not always literally differ in voicing, several linguists among them Roman Jakobson have proposed that dichotomies such as fortis/lenis or tense/lax might be more suitable to capture the invariant phonetic core of this distinction. Later it became the dominant view that voice onset time or laryngeal features are more reasonable alternatives. However, bas…
Word boundary marking at the glottal level in the production of German obstruents
The present contribution attempts to provide another piece in the puzzle of approaching the word as a phonetic unit. The phonetic domain that will be investigated is speech production at the level of gestures. Based on the results of a transillumination study, we will evaluate patterns of the glottal opening gesture in the voiceless obstruents of German under the production of sequences with and without an intervening word boundary. After reviewi…
Phonologisches Worterbuch der deutschen Sprache
The handbook of phonetic sciences
Voiceless Nasal Phonemes in Icelandic
Icelandic has a number of 'surface minimal pairs' between voiced and voiceless nasals. Facts and arguments are presented that speak for the phonemic status of these sounds, in contrast to the widespread view that voiceless nasals in Icelandic are derived. It is shown, among else, that stops after voiced and voiceless nasals are phonetically identical. Due to this fact it is not possible on synchronic grounds to ascribe the distinction between voi…
Speaker-specific information in voice quality parameters
Seven instances of the vowel /a/, embedded in a carrier sentence with a variety of prosodic and segmental conditions and each produced by twenty male German speakers were measured acoustically for a variety of supralaryngeal, laryngeal, and sublaryngeal types of voice quality, as well as for fundamental frequency. Measurements included parameters that reflect the variation of the voice source in the dimension between modal and breathy phonation, …
Syllable Structure and Syllable-Related Processes in German
Over the past few decades, the book series Linguistische Arbeiten [Linguistic Studies], comprising over 500 volumes, has made a significant contribution to the development of linguistic theory both in Germany and internationally. The series will continue to deliver new impulses for research and maintain the central insight of linguistics that progress can only be made in acquiring new knowledge about human languages both synchronically and diachr…
Metrical phonology
Empirical evidence for laryngeal features
It is well known that German utterance-initial lenis stops are voiceless but that German intervocalic (or intersonorant) lenis stops are sometimes produced with voicing. This variable voicing can be understood as passive voicing , voicing that results because of the voiced context, rather than from active voicing gestures by speakers. Thus, speakers are not actively aiming to voice intervocalic stops, just as they are not actively aiming to voice…
Voice quality differences associated with stops and clicks in Xhosa
Forensic Phonetics
An overview of forensic phonetics is presented, focusing on speaker identification as its core task. Speaker profiling/speaker classification is applied when the offender has been recorded, but no suspect has been found. Auditory speaker identification by victims and witnesses becomes relevant when no speech recording of the offender is available. It can take the form of familiar-speaker identification or unfamiliar-speaker identification, and in…
Metrical phonology
Metrical phonology
Syllable Structure and Syllable-Related Processes in German
Over the past few decades, the book series Linguistische Arbeiten [Linguistic Studies], comprising over 500 volumes, has made a significant contribution to the development of linguistic theory both in Germany and internationally. The series will continue to deliver new impulses for research and maintain the central insight of linguistics that progress can only be made in acquiring new knowledge about human languages both synchronically and diachr…
Speaker-specific information in voice quality parameters
Seven instances of the vowel /a/, embedded in a carrier sentence with a variety of prosodic and segmental conditions and each produced by twenty male German speakers were measured acoustically for a variety of supralaryngeal, laryngeal, and sublaryngeal types of voice quality, as well as for fundamental frequency. Measurements included parameters that reflect the variation of the voice source in the dimension between modal and breathy phonation, …
Word boundary marking at the glottal level in the production of German obstruents
The present contribution attempts to provide another piece in the puzzle of approaching the word as a phonetic unit. The phonetic domain that will be investigated is speech production at the level of gestures. Based on the results of a transillumination study, we will evaluate patterns of the glottal opening gesture in the voiceless obstruents of German under the production of sequences with and without an intervening word boundary. After reviewi…
Phonologisches Worterbuch der deutschen Sprache
The handbook of phonetic sciences
Voiceless Nasal Phonemes in Icelandic
Icelandic has a number of 'surface minimal pairs' between voiced and voiceless nasals. Facts and arguments are presented that speak for the phonemic status of these sounds, in contrast to the widespread view that voiceless nasals in Icelandic are derived. It is shown, among else, that stops after voiced and voiceless nasals are phonetically identical. Due to this fact it is not possible on synchronic grounds to ascribe the distinction between voi…
Wordstress in West-Germanic and North-Germanic languages
Phonetics and Phonology of Tense and Lax Obstruents in German
Knowing that the so-called voiced and voiceless stops in languages like English and German do not always literally differ in voicing, several linguists among them Roman Jakobson have proposed that dichotomies such as fortis/lenis or tense/lax might be more suitable to capture the invariant phonetic core of this distinction. Later it became the dominant view that voice onset time or laryngeal features are more reasonable alternatives. However, bas…
Laryngeal features in German
It is well known that initially and when preceded by a word that ends with a voiceless sound, German so-called ‘voiced’ stops are usually voiceless, that intervocalically both voiced and voiceless stops occur and that syllable-final (obstruent) stops are voiceless. Such a distribution is consistent with an analysis in which the contrast is one of [voice] and syllable-final stops are devoiced. It is also consistent with the view that in German the…
Voice quality differences associated with stops and clicks in Xhosa
Influence of vocal effort on average and variability of fundamental frequency
Read and spontaneous speech was produced by 100 male adult speakers of German in a neutral setting and in a Lombard setting, where 80 dB noise was presented over headphones. Average f0 (‘f0mean’) and relative standard deviation of f0 (‘f0varco’) were determined for each speaker in each of the four conditions spontaneous neutral, spontaneous loud, read neutral and read loud. The results confirm that when increasing vocal effort from neutral to lou…
Forensic Phonetics
An overview of forensic phonetics is presented, focusing on speaker identification as its core task. Speaker profiling/speaker classification is applied when the offender has been recorded, but no suspect has been found. Auditory speaker identification by victims and witnesses becomes relevant when no speech recording of the offender is available. It can take the form of familiar-speaker identification or unfamiliar-speaker identification, and in…
German fricatives
In this paper we show how Jessen & Ringen's (2002) analysis of voicing in German stops can be extended to account for the voicing of German fricatives. It is argued that while stops in German contrast for the feature [spread glottis], fricatives contrast for [voice] (and [spread glottis]). Our analysis, which involves presonorant faithfulness, is compared to an analysis with coda devoicing. We show that the two analyses make crucially different p…
Empirical evidence for laryngeal features
It is well known that German utterance-initial lenis stops are voiceless but that German intervocalic (or intersonorant) lenis stops are sometimes produced with voicing. This variable voicing can be understood as passive voicing , voicing that results because of the voiced context, rather than from active voicing gestures by speakers. Thus, speakers are not actively aiming to voice intervocalic stops, just as they are not actively aiming to voice…
Distributional and Acoustic Characteristics of Filler Particles in German with Consideration of Forensic-Phonetic Aspects
In this study, we investigate the use of the filler particles (FPs) uh, um, hm, as well as glottal FPs and tongue clicks of 100 male native German speakers in a corpus of spontaneous speech. For this purpose, the frequency distribution, FP duration, duration of pauses surrounding FPs, voice quality of FPs, and their vowel quality are investigated in two conditions, namely, normal speech and Lombard speech. Speaker-specific patterns are investigat…
Toward Shifting to a Verbal Likelihood Ratio Framework for Forensic Voice Comparison at the BKA Text, Speech and Audio Department
This Professional Practice Report outlines a strategy for how to change the conclusion framework in forensic voice comparison from verbal posterior probabilities to verbal likelihood ratios at the Text, Speech and Audio Department of the German Bundeskriminalamt. While immediately intended for this purpose, the issues raised are of broader concern and should be of interest to other providers of forensic voice comparison services. The major issue …
Toward Shifting to a Verbal Likelihood Ratio Framework for Forensic Voice Comparison at the BKA Text, Speech, and Audio Department
This is Part 2 of a report outlining a strategy to change the conclusion framework in forensic voice comparison from verbal posterior probabilities to verbal likelihood ratios at the Text, Speech and Audio Department of the German Bundeskriminalamt. Like in Part 1, this part of the report addresses how to combine results from different methods when these methods have different preferences, this time with respect to the distinctions between common…
Linguistics (13 obras) · Phonetics and Phonology Research (11 obras) · Speech Recognition and Synthesis (11 obras) · Computer Science (10 obras) · German (10 obras) · Philosophy (10 obras) · Speech recognition (9 obras) · Psychology (6 obras) · Voice (6 obras) · Acoustics (5 obras)