Marie-Louise Mares
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 110063 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Marie-Louise Mares |
| NOMBRES | Marie-Louise |
| APELLIDO | Mares |
| FIRMA | MAREŠ M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0811-3056 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 35 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 81 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1991 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Uses of media representation in LGBTQ adults’ relationship with their parent
Media as a Locus for Family Ethnic-Racial Socialization
To examine the role of media in family discussions of race and ethnicity, we surveyed a U.S. sample of 834 Asian/Asian American, Black, Hispanic, Indigenous/Native American, and White 10- to 17-year-olds. Based on social relational theory, we conceived of media as a resource and locus for mutual influence, whereby parents and youth may mediate each other’s exposure to ethnic-racial depictions. Consistent with conceptions of race/ethnicity as vert…
Social media self-presentation of LGBTQ+ youth in the United States
For those with marginalized identities, social media may offer opportunities for identity exploration and affirmation but may also pose challenges of context collapse, wherein the presence of multiple audiences makes identity-related posting awkward or dangerous. To probe short-term longitudinal patterns, 337 LGBTQ+ 15- to 22-year-olds completed six weekly surveys during Pride Month. As hypothesized, identity exploration was associated with self-…
Using media to navigate identity? U.S. Black parents’ encouragement and selection of content for their children
In an online experiment, 498 U.S. Black parents (child aged 3–5, 9–11, 15–17) were randomized to imagine their child had “an okay day” or experienced peer racism. They watched four age-appropriate video trailers that varied in affective tone (positive vs. mixed) and theme (race-related vs. not), rated their likelihood of encouraging their child to watch each and selected one. Regardless of condition and child age, encouragement was higher for rac…
Children’s perceptions of race and ethnicity in media
In 1998, Children Now surveyed 1,200 U.S. 10- to 17-year-olds about TV racial depictions, finding white children reported the most visibility. As a 25-year update, we surveyed 834 U.S. 10- to 17-year-olds: Asian/Asian American (n = 177), Black (n = 206), Hispanic (n = 150), Indigenous/Native American (n = 86), and white (n = 215). More youth now say it’s important to see their race in media, but fewer report seeing their group, with Hispanic and …
Tuning out tenderness
Teen boys often face peer pressures to avoid “feminine” emotions, such as tenderness. Media selections may reflect such pressures and constitute emotional self-socialization into traditional gender roles. An online experiment with 402 13- and 14-year-olds, based on Knobloch-Westerwick’s SESAM model, tested hypotheses about gendered selections/avoidance of hostile and tender content. Randomized to imagine watching a film alone or with friends, tee…
Trust but verify? A social epistemology framework of knowledge acquisition and verification practices for fictional entertainment
Fictional entertainment can serve as a vivid and easily comprehensible source of knowledge, but only if audiences are able to tell its kernel of truth apart from fantasy. In this article, we use the lens of social epistemology to develop a theoretical framework of knowledge acquisition and verification practices for fictional entertainment that integrates various extant lines of work on entertainment education, perceived realism, information proc…
Mutual socialization during shared media moments
Social relational theory proposes that children and parents socialize each other, particularly when knowledge, beliefs, and identities diverge. For families with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ) teens, identity-relevant media depictions may spark moments of mutual socialization, including attempts to mediate each other’s viewing and discussions of the teen’s identity. U.S. data from 200 LGBTQ teens (aged 13–18) and one of their …
Effects of Ingroup and Outgroup Celebrities on Asian American and Hispanic Teens’ Self-Esteem and Ingroup Judgments
Do ingroup celebrities yield psychological benefits or costs for marginalized youth? Might outgroup celebrities prompt a sense of connection and thereby also yield benefits? In two experiments (the latter a replication six years later with different exemplars), Asian American (n1 = 85, n2 = 205) and US Hispanic (n1 = 135, n2 = 220) teens were randomized to see ingroup celebrity profiles, outgroup celebrity profiles, or no-exposure control. In bot…
Screen media exposure and young children's vocabulary learning and development
This meta-analysis synthesizes research on media use in early childhood (0–6 years), word-learning, and vocabulary size. Multi-level analyses included 266 effect sizes from 63 studies (N total = 11,413) published between 1988–2022. Among samples with information about race/ethnicity (51%) and sex/gender (73%), most were majority White/Non-Hispanic and between 40%–60% female. Analyses revealed a small overall positive relation between screen media…
Mutual Influence in LGBTQ Teens’ Use of Media to Socialize Their Parents
Recent theorizing posits that parents and their children influence each other, and that media use is a locus of such mutual influence. Two surveys of LGBTQ 18- and 19-year-olds (N = 276; N = 369, the latter a replication) tested hypotheses that LGBTQ teens use media to socialize their parents about their sexual and gender identities, and that these uses elicit parental responses which have implications for the teen. In both studies, teens reporte…
Mixed Messages
Although the predictors of off-line relational aggression have been examined in prior work, less is known about the factors that contribute to online relational aggression perpetration and victimization. This study examined parental restrictive and active mediation of teenagers’ social media use as potential predictors of these outcomes. We were particularly interested in understanding whether parental agreement about media rules and the consiste…
Parents, Television, and Children's Emotional Expressions
Parents and media both play an important role in the socialization of children's emotions, yet it remains unclear whether these socializing influences vary by culture. We studied the joint influences of parents and television on children's expression of four basic emotions (happiness, anger, sadness, and fear) using self-report survey data from 3570 six- to 15-year-olds from 13 Asian, European, Middle Eastern, and South American countries. Percei…
Self-transcendent Media Experiences
Interest in the meaningful sides of media entertainment has blossomed over the last decade, with numerous scholars examining how certain media content can enhance social good and well-being. Because social scientific work in this area is relatively new and is rapidly evolving, numerous conceptualizations of meaningful media experiences have been introduced. In this paper we argue for the importance of recognizing a unique form of media experience…
On the relevance of parents and TV as socializers of 6–19 year-olds’ expressions of emotion
This study examines joint influences of parental socialization and socialization via mass media on children’s expression of emotions. The effect of parental approval of their child’s expression of emotions, on the child’s approval of TV characters expressing the emotion, and the influence of both on the child’s expression of emotions within the past seven days is tested for the emotions fear, sadness, anger, and happiness with a representative su…
When the Sun Sings Science, Are Children Left in the Dark? Representations of Science in Children's Television and Their Effects on Children's Learning
How is educational information presented in children's science television shows, and how well do preschool viewers learn that information? A content analysis of 21 science programs for children (Study 1) found that half of the examined episodes taught science concepts by introducing and subsequently refuting inaccurate ideas (e.g., clouds are made of cotton candy), and one-third depicted focal science concepts in anthropomorphic ways. An experime…
More Than Shoot-Em-Up and Torture Porn
Media violence research has mainly focused on aggression effects so far. But are audiences' thoughts about violent portrayals actually confined to aggressive fantasies? This study examines more complex thought processes about violent portrayals that involve reflection, meaning-making, and truth-seeking about violence as a fact of social reality. We conducted qualitative in-depth interviews with 39 participants from different backgrounds, includin…
Media Effects on Children
From Meta to Micro
There are numerous media offerings targeted to young audiences that claim to have educational benefits. It is hard to overemphasize the need for evidence about which of these offerings are effective, for which populations, and for which outcomes. The current article begins by discussing the value and limitations of meta-analysis (as opposed to narrative literature reviews) as a tool for marshaling such evidence. We illustrate these points with a …
Making Sense of Violence
Research on audience interest in violent media content is extended to include individuals' appreciation of certain types of violent portrayals as a meaningful and valuable reflection of reality. A sample of 482 German and U.S. adults aged 18–82 watched movie trailers that varied in pretest ratings of gore and meaningfulness, but were equivalent in suspense. As hypothesized, perceived levels of gore and meaningfulness interacted to predict individ…
Vámonos means go, but that’s made up for the show”
Educational television for young children often combines factual content with fantasy. In 2 experiments, we examined 3- to 5-year-olds' reality judgments and the implications for their learning. In the 1st study, 145 children watched 3 clips featuring (respectively) a Hispanic, a Chinese American, and an Anglo character. Responses indicated age differences in character-reality judgments (e.g., "X can hear me"), acceptance of fantasy (e.g., talkin…
Media Effects
Effects of Conflict in Tween Sitcoms on US Students' Moral Reasoning About Social Exclusion
Fifth graders (N = 97) were randomly assigned to watch one of four episodes of a tween sitcom that varied in the amount of peer conflict depicted (high vs. low; two exemplars at each level). They then responded to vignettes in which a group of students from one social crowd was considering whether to let a student from a different crowd join their team for a school competition. Those in the high-conflict condition were more likely to appeal to gr…
Effects of Sesame Street
Prosocial TV Content
Two meta‐analyses of the early research on prosocial effects of TV viewing suggest the possibility for positive effects, but also reveal a lack of systematic research into how best to achieve desired outcomes. Since then, the question has gained more social relevance because of a renewed international interest in using television to reduce prejudice and foster prosocial interactions, and because of the proliferation of programs in the United Stat…
The Role of Source Confusions in Television's Cultivation of Social Reality Judgments
The chief hypothesis of this study was that errors in memory (specifically source confusions) contribute to the link between television viewing and social reality judgments. Fiction-to-news confusions (fictional programming remembered as news) were hypothesized to positively predict TV-biased judgments of reality. News-to-fiction confusions (news remembered as fiction) were hypothesized to negatively predict such judgments. The results of an expe…
Effects of Sesame Street
The Multiple Meanings of Age for Television Content Preferences
Two studies examined how adult age and time of measurement influence media preferences. Study 1 (using TV ratings data from 1970s to 1980s) found that the popularity of genres varied over time, but even after controlling for year, age groups differed in (a) genre choices (consistent with socioemotional selectivity theory) and (b) age of characters viewed (consistent with age identity theory). The average age of characters in each program partiall…
Background television and reading performance
An experiment was conducted testing Armstrong and Greenberg's (1990) model of the effect of background television on cognitive performance, as it applies to reading comprehension and memory. Subjects completed a cued‐recall test of the content of an expository prose passage read under quiet conditions or concurrently with the presence of one of two types of television content (prime‐time drama versus commercials). Effects on immediate versus dela…
Children's Use of VCRs
This study relies on a national survey of parents and children and interviews with children to assess the extent and nature of use of videocassette recorders (VCRs) by children and adolescents. It reports on developmental changes in the use of VCRs for repeated viewing of videos, as well as children's descriptions of when and why they rewind and fast-forward videos
Trust but verify? A social epistemology framework of knowledge acquisition and verification practices for fictional entertainment
Fictional entertainment can serve as a vivid and easily comprehensible source of knowledge, but only if audiences are able to tell its kernel of truth apart from fantasy. In this article, we use the lens of social epistemology to develop a theoretical framework of knowledge acquisition and verification practices for fictional entertainment that integrates various extant lines of work on entertainment education, perceived realism, information proc…
When the Sun Sings Science, Are Children Left in the Dark? Representations of Science in Children's Television and Their Effects on Children's Learning
How is educational information presented in children's science television shows, and how well do preschool viewers learn that information? A content analysis of 21 science programs for children (Study 1) found that half of the examined episodes taught science concepts by introducing and subsequently refuting inaccurate ideas (e.g., clouds are made of cotton candy), and one-third depicted focal science concepts in anthropomorphic ways. An experime…
Vámonos means go, but that’s made up for the show”
Educational television for young children often combines factual content with fantasy. In 2 experiments, we examined 3- to 5-year-olds' reality judgments and the implications for their learning. In the 1st study, 145 children watched 3 clips featuring (respectively) a Hispanic, a Chinese American, and an Anglo character. Responses indicated age differences in character-reality judgments (e.g., "X can hear me"), acceptance of fantasy (e.g., talkin…
Using Television to Foster Children's Interest in Science
Two studies explored the conditions that facilitate positive responses to children's television programs involving science. In Study 1, children enjoyed televised science content more and learned more from it when it was presented in the context of a related feature story than when it was shown out of this context. Children also responded more positively when the segment was not explicitly labeled as “science.” In Study 2, repeated exposure to a …
Using media to navigate identity? U.S. Black parents’ encouragement and selection of content for their children
In an online experiment, 498 U.S. Black parents (child aged 3–5, 9–11, 15–17) were randomized to imagine their child had “an okay day” or experienced peer racism. They watched four age-appropriate video trailers that varied in affective tone (positive vs. mixed) and theme (race-related vs. not), rated their likelihood of encouraging their child to watch each and selected one. Regardless of condition and child age, encouragement was higher for rac…
Parents, Television, and Children's Emotional Expressions
Parents and media both play an important role in the socialization of children's emotions, yet it remains unclear whether these socializing influences vary by culture. We studied the joint influences of parents and television on children's expression of four basic emotions (happiness, anger, sadness, and fear) using self-report survey data from 3570 six- to 15-year-olds from 13 Asian, European, Middle Eastern, and South American countries. Percei…
Developmental Changes in Adult Comprehension of a Television Program are Modified by Being a Fan
Three groups of adults (aged 19–30, 65–70, and 71–78) watched two TV dramas. Half the adults within each age group were fans of the second program, thus were familiar with the characters, typical story lines, and production style. Comprehension was measured after each program, including memory for characters’ emotions and relationships, recognition and recall and chronology of main events, and ability to make inferences about the content. The res…
Background television and reading performance
An experiment was conducted testing Armstrong and Greenberg's (1990) model of the effect of background television on cognitive performance, as it applies to reading comprehension and memory. Subjects completed a cued‐recall test of the content of an expository prose passage read under quiet conditions or concurrently with the presence of one of two types of television content (prime‐time drama versus commercials). Effects on immediate versus dela…
The Role of Source Confusions in Television's Cultivation of Social Reality Judgments
The chief hypothesis of this study was that errors in memory (specifically source confusions) contribute to the link between television viewing and social reality judgments. Fiction-to-news confusions (fictional programming remembered as news) were hypothesized to positively predict TV-biased judgments of reality. News-to-fiction confusions (news remembered as fiction) were hypothesized to negatively predict such judgments. The results of an expe…
Effects of Talk Show Viewing on Adolescents
The authors investigated the effects of talk-show viewing on adolescents social reality beliefs. A survey was administered to 282 high school students to evaluate the following three popular hypotheses about the effects of viewing talk shows: (a) viewers overestimate the frequency of deviant behaviors, (b) viewers become de-sensitized to the suffering of others, and viewers trivialize the importance of social issues. The results provided support …
Children's Use of VCRs
This study relies on a national survey of parents and children and interviews with children to assess the extent and nature of use of videocassette recorders (VCRs) by children and adolescents. It reports on developmental changes in the use of VCRs for repeated viewing of videos, as well as children's descriptions of when and why they rewind and fast-forward videos
Using Television to Foster Children's Interest in Science
Two studies explored the conditions that facilitate positive responses to children's television programs involving science. In Study 1, children enjoyed televised science content more and learned more from it when it was presented in the context of a related feature story than when it was shown out of this context. Children also responded more positively when the segment was not explicitly labeled as “science.” In Study 2, repeated exposure to a …
Positive Effects of Television on Children's Social Interactions
Repetition Increases Children's Comprehension of Television Content—Up to a Point
Two studies examined the effects of repeated viewing on children's comprehension of videos. In Study 1, 72 children aged 6–8 watched The Sword in the Stone. Afterwards, children who had seen the film before were compared with those for whom the film was novel. In Study 2, 291 children aged 4–8, watched one of two versions of a short story in which the main character's appearance was incongruous with her behavior. Children were tested after one or…
Developmental Changes in Adult Comprehension of a Television Program are Modified by Being a Fan
Three groups of adults (aged 19–30, 65–70, and 71–78) watched two TV dramas. Half the adults within each age group were fans of the second program, thus were familiar with the characters, typical story lines, and production style. Comprehension was measured after each program, including memory for characters’ emotions and relationships, recognition and recall and chronology of main events, and ability to make inferences about the content. The res…
Teaching Inclusiveness via TV Narratives in the US
The central hypothesis was that children's interpretations of pro-tolerance TV content explain why such content may be ineffective or counterproductive. The goal was to examine whether comprehension and ensuing attitudes could be improved by adding short explanatory inserts. A total of 128 children aged 4–6 were randomly assigned to watch one of two episodes depicting initial hostility followed by friendliness (either with or without inserts), or…
The Multiple Meanings of Age for Television Content Preferences
Two studies examined how adult age and time of measurement influence media preferences. Study 1 (using TV ratings data from 1970s to 1980s) found that the popularity of genres varied over time, but even after controlling for year, age groups differed in (a) genre choices (consistent with socioemotional selectivity theory) and (b) age of characters viewed (consistent with age identity theory). The average age of characters in each program partiall…
Prosocial TV Content
Two meta‐analyses of the early research on prosocial effects of TV viewing suggest the possibility for positive effects, but also reveal a lack of systematic research into how best to achieve desired outcomes. Since then, the question has gained more social relevance because of a renewed international interest in using television to reduce prejudice and foster prosocial interactions, and because of the proliferation of programs in the United Stat…
Media Effects
Effects of Conflict in Tween Sitcoms on US Students' Moral Reasoning About Social Exclusion
Fifth graders (N = 97) were randomly assigned to watch one of four episodes of a tween sitcom that varied in the amount of peer conflict depicted (high vs. low; two exemplars at each level). They then responded to vignettes in which a group of students from one social crowd was considering whether to let a student from a different crowd join their team for a school competition. Those in the high-conflict condition were more likely to appeal to gr…
Effects of Sesame Street
Making Sense of Violence
Research on audience interest in violent media content is extended to include individuals' appreciation of certain types of violent portrayals as a meaningful and valuable reflection of reality. A sample of 482 German and U.S. adults aged 18–82 watched movie trailers that varied in pretest ratings of gore and meaningfulness, but were equivalent in suspense. As hypothesized, perceived levels of gore and meaningfulness interacted to predict individ…
Vámonos means go, but that’s made up for the show”
Educational television for young children often combines factual content with fantasy. In 2 experiments, we examined 3- to 5-year-olds' reality judgments and the implications for their learning. In the 1st study, 145 children watched 3 clips featuring (respectively) a Hispanic, a Chinese American, and an Anglo character. Responses indicated age differences in character-reality judgments (e.g., "X can hear me"), acceptance of fantasy (e.g., talkin…
Media Effects on Children
From Meta to Micro
There are numerous media offerings targeted to young audiences that claim to have educational benefits. It is hard to overemphasize the need for evidence about which of these offerings are effective, for which populations, and for which outcomes. The current article begins by discussing the value and limitations of meta-analysis (as opposed to narrative literature reviews) as a tool for marshaling such evidence. We illustrate these points with a …
More Than Shoot-Em-Up and Torture Porn
Media violence research has mainly focused on aggression effects so far. But are audiences' thoughts about violent portrayals actually confined to aggressive fantasies? This study examines more complex thought processes about violent portrayals that involve reflection, meaning-making, and truth-seeking about violence as a fact of social reality. We conducted qualitative in-depth interviews with 39 participants from different backgrounds, includin…
Self-transcendent Media Experiences
Interest in the meaningful sides of media entertainment has blossomed over the last decade, with numerous scholars examining how certain media content can enhance social good and well-being. Because social scientific work in this area is relatively new and is rapidly evolving, numerous conceptualizations of meaningful media experiences have been introduced. In this paper we argue for the importance of recognizing a unique form of media experience…
On the relevance of parents and TV as socializers of 6–19 year-olds’ expressions of emotion
This study examines joint influences of parental socialization and socialization via mass media on children’s expression of emotions. The effect of parental approval of their child’s expression of emotions, on the child’s approval of TV characters expressing the emotion, and the influence of both on the child’s expression of emotions within the past seven days is tested for the emotions fear, sadness, anger, and happiness with a representative su…
When the Sun Sings Science, Are Children Left in the Dark? Representations of Science in Children's Television and Their Effects on Children's Learning
How is educational information presented in children's science television shows, and how well do preschool viewers learn that information? A content analysis of 21 science programs for children (Study 1) found that half of the examined episodes taught science concepts by introducing and subsequently refuting inaccurate ideas (e.g., clouds are made of cotton candy), and one-third depicted focal science concepts in anthropomorphic ways. An experime…
Mixed Messages
Although the predictors of off-line relational aggression have been examined in prior work, less is known about the factors that contribute to online relational aggression perpetration and victimization. This study examined parental restrictive and active mediation of teenagers’ social media use as potential predictors of these outcomes. We were particularly interested in understanding whether parental agreement about media rules and the consiste…
Parents, Television, and Children's Emotional Expressions
Parents and media both play an important role in the socialization of children's emotions, yet it remains unclear whether these socializing influences vary by culture. We studied the joint influences of parents and television on children's expression of four basic emotions (happiness, anger, sadness, and fear) using self-report survey data from 3570 six- to 15-year-olds from 13 Asian, European, Middle Eastern, and South American countries. Percei…
Mutual Influence in LGBTQ Teens’ Use of Media to Socialize Their Parents
Recent theorizing posits that parents and their children influence each other, and that media use is a locus of such mutual influence. Two surveys of LGBTQ 18- and 19-year-olds (N = 276; N = 369, the latter a replication) tested hypotheses that LGBTQ teens use media to socialize their parents about their sexual and gender identities, and that these uses elicit parental responses which have implications for the teen. In both studies, teens reporte…
Psychology (29 obras) · Media Influence and Health (20 obras) · Social Psychology (19 obras) · Developmental psychology (16 obras) · Child Development and Digital Technology (15 obras) · Sociology (11 obras) · Social Psychology (8 obras) · Computer Science (7 obras) · Impact of Technology on Adolescents (7 obras) · Comprehension (6 obras)