Robert Sommer
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 110287 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Robert Sommer |
| NOMBRES | Robert |
| APELLIDO | Sommer |
| FIRMA | SOMMER R |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California, Davis |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 86 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 292 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 86 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1954 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2019 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Lektüren
The etymology of psychosis
Zoomorphy
We conducted three studies on the use of nonhuman animals as metaphors (zoomorphs) for human personality characteristics. In Study 1 (n = 51) university students rated gender, age, and favorableness of 36 mammal names when applied metaphorically to a person. In Study 2, we searched 14 dictionaries of colloquial English and three dictionaries of animal phrases to locate zoomorphic use of these 36 animal species in describing human personality. In …
Das KZ-Bordell
Die erste Gesamtdarstellung eines Themas, das bislang weitgehend im Verborgenen geblieben ist: die Zwangsprostitution im Lagersystem der SS. Robert Sommers grundlegendes Buch zeichnet das Bild einer bisher unbekannten Realität des Schreckens. Auf Befehl Himmlers wurden ab 1942 in den größten Konzentrationslagern Bordelle für Häftlinge eingerichtet. Der Bordellbesuch war als Anreiz zur Steigerung der Arbeitsleistung der in das System der Kriegswir…
Dissemination in action research
Lewin proposed three goals for action research: to advance knowledge; to improve a concrete situation; and to improve behavioral science methodology. The three objectives cannot be met by a single mode of dissemination. Innovative dissemination strategies will be necessary. Action researchers should publish substantive articles in technical journals to reach colleagues; applied articles in periodicals read by practitioners and the public; and met…
Development of the zoological garden and mental hospital
Ellenberger in 1960 described the parallel histories of the zoological garden and the mental hospital. To determine how impressions of the 2 institutions have evolved in the intervening years, students in an abnormal psychology class rated several mental hospital and zoo terms. The zoo was rated more positively than the mental hospital, but not as favorably as the wild animal park or the nature reserve. These ratings reflect the changes in zoo de…
Semantic Profiles of Zoos and Their Animals
I administered surveys to 156 university students to explore issues related to animal charisma or show value. Specifically, students ranked species as to their desirability to see on a zoo tour and to work with professionally as a zoo biologist; rated the semantic connotations of these species; rated the semantic connotations of the zoo, wild animal park, and nature reserve; and rated the connotations of two charismatic and two biophobic animal s…
Thorstein Veblen and Dementia praecox
Both of Thorstein Veblen's wives and another woman he loved had nervous breakdowns, while a fourth woman to whom he was emotionally very close committed suicide. Yet when Veblen published an article entitled "Dementia praecox," he did not mention his personal contact with serious mental disorder. This detachment is consistent with Veblen's approach to writing. Veblen considered himself to be a detached observer who wrote objectively about society…
Dual dissemination
Although journals remain the major means of disseminating research knowledge within psychology, other types of outlets are needed to reach policymakers and the public. A model of dual dissemination is proposed in which psychologists continue to write articles for research journals and write different, complementary articles for popular outlets
Lois Barclay Murphy (1902-2003)
Morel Tales
Further Cross-National Studies of Tree Form Preference
Extending a study published in this journal, college students in Africa, Europe, and an area on the U.S.-Mexico border rated the attractiveness of two sets of tree shapes. Consistent with earlier results, there was a strong preference for trees with the generic acacia shape as well as a preference for trees common in the respondent's early experience. Although both formal characteristics and early experience influence the perceived attractiveness…
Social Effects on Duration in Restaurants
Cross-National Rankings of Tree Shape
The resident researcher
Considers the potential benefits and costs of an alternative career model for community researchers, one in which professionals specialize in the community where they live. By virtue of their local familiarity, resident researchers can make more informed judgments about research problems and methods. They can employ longitudinal designs to assess change and be available to assist in interpretation and implementation of research. Potential costs i…
A user‐based method for rating street trees
Responses to questionnaires completed by 1,174 householders who rated characteristics of their street trees were subjected to factor analysis. The most important factors were general benefits, ground disturbance, disease, safety, seasonal marking, droppings and suckers, which became the basis for scales on which each species could be scored. These scales represent an economical and coherent method which can complement simulation and expert rating…
Administrative advisory committees at the University of California at Davis
Literal versus Metaphorical Interpretations of Scale Terms
Due to a clerical error, a teaching evaluation form used in a psychology department during Fall, 1990, combined a grading format with opinion items. Course evaluations on the incongruous form were compared with evaluations of the same courses taught by the same instructors using a consistent opinion format. Results for individual instructors, courses, and items were similar on the two administrations, supporting the view that the terms used in te…
Consciences in the Marketplace
As consumer‐controlled organizations, cooperatives have played a vanguard role in consumer protection. This article reviews consumer protection programs of the economically strong European cooperatives, and presents examples of protection programs by American cooperatives in two diverse sectors, funerals and foods. Research questions are posed relating to consumer protection and to social psychology. The article ends by examining the future of co…
Local Research
Setting‐specific research has a long and honored tradition in the natural sciences. The value of this approach for action research in social psychology is discussed. Key concepts include local variation, seeing the general in the specific, connectedness as the fundamental law of ecology, and the value of field stations for community research
Le Grand Rabbin Lazare Wogue (1817-1897)
Sommer Robert. Le Grand Rabbin Lazare Wogue (1817-1897). In: Revue des études juives, tome 148, n°3-4, juillet-décembre 1989. pp. 463-476
The Personality of Vegetables
A dictionary search indicated that fruit and vegetable metaphors for human characteristics were relatively infrequent When used, they were more likely to describe physical than personality attributes, often with euphemistic overtones, and fruit metaphors reflected more favorable characteristics than did vegetable metaphors These findings were confirmed in a semantic analysis of fruit, vegetable, and animal terms
Food irradiation and consumer values
A mail survey technique was used to determine if value hierarchy, locus of control, innovativeness, and demographic parameters could distinguish between subjects expressing different levels of concern and willingness to buy irradiated food. Concern toward irradiated food was lower than concern for other food safety issues, probably because many expressed uncertainty regarding irradiation. Those ranking the value “an ecologically balanced world” e…
Two Decades of Marijuana Attitudes
(1988). Two Decades of Marijuana Attitudes: The More It Changes, the More It Is the Same. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 20, Marijuana—An Update, pp. 67-70
Tolerance of deviance as affected by label, act, and actor
Using behavioral vignettes, the present study examines label, behavior, and recipient interactions in tolerance for deviant behavior. The application of a schizophrenia label is found to have more impact on behaviors that are a danger to self than on behaviors considered a danger to others which are proscribed for all actors independent of the mental illness label
Personal space
Invasions of Personal Space
Journal Article Invasions of Personal Space Get access Nancy Jo Felipe, Nancy Jo Felipe University of California, Davis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Sommer Robert Sommer University of California, Davis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 14, Issue 2, Autumn 1966, Pages 206–214, https://doi.org/10.2307/798618 Published: 07 …
Studies in Personal Space
Surprisingly little is known about the way people use space. Social scientists in the field of human ecology have been concerned primarily with the distribution of such things as social classes, economic institutions, and mental illness. An almost unexplored area is microecology or the way that people in pairs or small groups arrange themselves. In the studies of Hediger (5), Howard (6), and Von Uexkull (15), has had two different meanings. The m…
Leadership and Group Geography
Although many discussions of leadership use spatial coordinates such as central figure, dominant position, upper echelon, or high status, there has been very little study of the way that people in groups arrange themselves. We lack information as to whether there are geographic analogs to such concepts as social distance, inner circle, and isolate. In spite of Sputnik, many social scientists still take space for granted as a variable in small gro…
Small group ecology
The resident researcher
Considers the potential benefits and costs of an alternative career model for community researchers, one in which professionals specialize in the community where they live. By virtue of their local familiarity, resident researchers can make more informed judgments about research problems and methods. They can employ longitudinal designs to assess change and be available to assist in interpretation and implementation of research. Potential costs i…
Further Studies of Small Group Ecology
To learn how groups arrange themselves, pairs of students were observed in a cafeteria where interaction was encouraged and in a library where interaction was discouraged. In the former situation, people chose to sit across from one another while in the library people chose a distant seating pattern. Several paper-and-pencil instruments were used to gauge seating preference in casual, cooperating, competing, and co-acting groups. In general, casu…
Territorial defense and the good neighbor
Seating arrangements and status
The Distance for Comfortable Conversation
Social Effects on Duration in Restaurants
Man's Proximate Environment
Zoomorphy
We conducted three studies on the use of nonhuman animals as metaphors (zoomorphs) for human personality characteristics. In Study 1 (n = 51) university students rated gender, age, and favorableness of 36 mammal names when applied metaphorically to a person. In Study 2, we searched 14 dictionaries of colloquial English and three dictionaries of animal phrases to locate zoomorphic use of these 36 animal species in describing human personality. In …
Symptoms of Institutional Care
During the last decade social scien-tists have begun to concern themselves with the effects of what Goffman (14) calls "the total institutions. " We are becoming familiar with people who have become so adjusted to hospital, jail, army, or concentration camp, that they cannot live outside. Labels have been given to these people such as "institutional cure, " "prisonized con-vict, " or "passive patient. " The under-lying process has been called "in…
Alienation and Mental Illness
introduced simultaneously, as is often the case in underdeveloped areas. This pattern is of course in effect a scale, with the response patterns in accord with the criteria for Guttman scaling. At the present stage of research, we merely note this fact. However, there is some indication from our data that the application of scaling techniques in comparative social analysis might provide a means for dealing with diffuse institutionalization withou…
Dissemination in action research
Lewin proposed three goals for action research: to advance knowledge; to improve a concrete situation; and to improve behavioral science methodology. The three objectives cannot be met by a single mode of dissemination. Innovative dissemination strategies will be necessary. Action researchers should publish substantive articles in technical journals to reach colleagues; applied articles in periodicals read by practitioners and the public; and met…
Local Research
Setting‐specific research has a long and honored tradition in the natural sciences. The value of this approach for action research in social psychology is discussed. Key concepts include local variation, seeing the general in the specific, connectedness as the fundamental law of ecology, and the value of field stations for community research
Sociofugal Space
"On writing "little papers
Semantic Profiles of Zoos and Their Animals
I administered surveys to 156 university students to explore issues related to animal charisma or show value. Specifically, students ranked species as to their desirability to see on a zoo tour and to work with professionally as a zoo biologist; rated the semantic connotations of these species; rated the semantic connotations of the zoo, wild animal park, and nature reserve; and rated the connotations of two charismatic and two biophobic animal s…
College Classroom Ecology
The Hawthorne dogma
Dual dissemination
Although journals remain the major means of disseminating research knowledge within psychology, other types of outlets are needed to reach policymakers and the public. A model of dual dissemination is proposed in which psychologists continue to write articles for research journals and write different, complementary articles for popular outlets
Lois Barclay Murphy (1902-2003)
Local Use of Survey Data
Researchers lack adequate feedback on the utilization of their findings at the local level. Following an earlier study of farmers' markets with dual objectives of contributing to theory and practice, a 4-year follow-up was undertaken to document the flow of information that occurred and if and how the results were used. The follow-up indicated that the research was utilized far more at the local level than was known to the researchers, and that m…
On the Brown adaptation of the Rosenzweig P-F for assessing social attitudes
Male-Female Double Standards of Fifty Male Students
Male-Female Double Standards of Fifty Male Students
The Effects of Rewards and Punishments during Perceptual Organization 1
Perceptual Autism in Children
(1957). Perceptual Autism in Children. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 3-11
Social Interaction On a Geriatrics Ward
Alienation and Mental Illness
introduced simultaneously, as is often the case in underdeveloped areas. This pattern is of course in effect a scale, with the response patterns in accord with the criteria for Guttman scaling. At the present stage of research, we merely note this fact. However, there is some indication from our data that the application of scaling techniques in comparative social analysis might provide a means for dealing with diffuse institutionalization withou…
Studies in Personal Space
Surprisingly little is known about the way people use space. Social scientists in the field of human ecology have been concerned primarily with the distribution of such things as social classes, economic institutions, and mental illness. An almost unexplored area is microecology or the way that people in pairs or small groups arrange themselves. In the studies of Hediger (5), Howard (6), and Von Uexkull (15), has had two different meanings. The m…
"On writing "little papers
Colleagues and Criticism
Symptoms of Institutional Care
During the last decade social scien-tists have begun to concern themselves with the effects of what Goffman (14) calls "the total institutions. " We are becoming familiar with people who have become so adjusted to hospital, jail, army, or concentration camp, that they cannot live outside. Labels have been given to these people such as "institutional cure, " "prisonized con-vict, " or "passive patient. " The under-lying process has been called "in…
Association Methods in Anthropology
Leadership and Group Geography
Although many discussions of leadership use spatial coordinates such as central figure, dominant position, upper echelon, or high status, there has been very little study of the way that people in groups arrange themselves. We lack information as to whether there are geographic analogs to such concepts as social distance, inner circle, and isolate. In spite of Sputnik, many social scientists still take space for granted as a variable in small gro…
Architecture for Researchers
From the University of Alberta comes a coolness towards conventional design in research. The architects and administrators, in expressing their personalities, may not do well by the researcher's personality. Readers will recall Dr. Som mer's fables concerning keys and power and secretaries and research produc tivity
The Distance for Comfortable Conversation
Teaching common associations to schizophrenics
The Dear Departing
Dr. Sommer, now of the Department of Psychology, U. of Alberta, and formerly of the Planaria Research Group at the University of Michigan, delves into the pathetics of job-separation with the whimsical touch that has marked the several pieces of his we have printed in the ABS. We thank "The Worm Runner's Digest" (James V. McConnell, editor) for letting us run this piece
Values in Alcoholics After LSD-25
i other values, than unremitted alcoholics. The rationale of the hypo- thesis is the emphasis shown in the A.A. program on fellowship and i the submission of the self to a higher power. The instrument used by these investigators was the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of t: Values (2) which has six scales based on Spranger's classification of interests: theoretical, economic, esthetic, social, political and reli- i gious. The test does not yield abs…
Alcohol Consumption in Prairieville
The Isolated Drinker in the Edmonton Beer Parlor
Further Studies of Small Group Ecology
To learn how groups arrange themselves, pairs of students were observed in a cafeteria where interaction was encouraged and in a library where interaction was discouraged. In the former situation, people chose to sit across from one another while in the library people chose a distant seating pattern. Several paper-and-pencil instruments were used to gauge seating preference in casual, cooperating, competing, and co-acting groups. In general, casu…
La doctrine politique et l'action religieuse du grand-rabbin Maurice Liber
Sommer Robert. La doctrine politique et l'action religieuse du grand-rabbin Maurice Liber. In: Revue des études juives, tome 125, n°1-3, janvier-septembre 1966. Mémorial Maurice Liber. pp. 9-20
Study Habits and Introversion-Extroversion
The mastery of effective study habits remains one of the chief goals of university students. Even casual observation reveals dramatic differences among students in choice of places to study. Some students try to avoid other people at all costs, leaving their own rooms if a roommate is present, while others seek out the visual presence of other people in large study halls and maintain that they need some form of auditory and visual stimulation les…
Man's Proximate Environment
Invasions of Personal Space
Journal Article Invasions of Personal Space Get access Nancy Jo Felipe, Nancy Jo Felipe University of California, Davis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Sommer Robert Sommer University of California, Davis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 14, Issue 2, Autumn 1966, Pages 206–214, https://doi.org/10.2307/798618 Published: 07 …
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