Raymond Hinnebusch
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1115083 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Raymond Hinnebusch |
| NOMBRES | Raymond |
| APELLIDO | Hinnebusch |
| FIRMA | HINNEBUSCH R |
| AFILIACIONES | University of St Andrews |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5800-6606 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 88 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 364 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 81 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 7 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1980 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Sectarianism and Civil War in Syria
As an epicentre of sectarian conflict before and after the Arab uprising, Syria provides an excellent laboratory for the study of sectarianization. This book compares variance in Syria’s sectarianism over time and across place to expose its causes and its varying impact on Syria’s society and polity. The book begins with an introductory chapter examining key approaches to and debates over sectarianism in Syria, from which a framework of analysis …
Actors and Dynamics in the Syrian Conflict's Middle Phase
The Battle over Syria's Reconstruction
Reconstruction is becoming the new battleground in the Syrian conflict – its continuation by other means. It is instrumentalized by the regime as a way to reconsolidate its control over the country and by rival regional and international powers to shape the internal balance of power and establish spheres of influence in the country. The paper examines the Asad regime's practices, including co‐optation of militia leaders via reconstruction concess…
The English school and the periphery regions
The English School famously established the existence of an International Society. The first generation of ES scholars (Bull 1995) demonstrated, as against rationalist approaches such as realism, t
Identity and state formation in multi‐sectarian societies
The relation between state formation and identity in MENA multi‐sectarian societies is examined, taking Syria as a case study. The paper looks at the impact of the mix of sectarianism and nationalism on the formation of state institutions and the impact of the latter on this mix. The flawed export of the Westphalian state system to MENA established the structural context—multiple identities, hybrid states—wherein the two identities compete, overl…
The Routledge Handbook to the Middle East and North African State and States System
International audience
The Politics of Identity in Middle East International Relations
This chapter offers critical reviews of the explanatory power of identity and culture in understanding international relations in the Middle East. It focuses on Arabism and other regional ethnicities as sources of political identity. The importance of these identities within the region has been accentuated because of the poor fit between identity and states and regimes — a colonial legacy, but one that remains pertinent today, as revealed in the …
The Foreign Policies of Arab States
The first edition of this book was praised as milestone for present and future research on Arab and Third World foreign (American Political Science Review), and indispensable aid for those studying or teaching the foreign policies of the contemporary Middle (International Journal of Middle East Studies). It has become a standard textbook in Middle East studies curricula all over the world. This third edition, now in paperback, with new material r…
Sectarianism and Governance in Syria
How does the multi‐sectarian make‐up of multi‐sectarian states affect governance, most notably the variation between democracy and authoritarianism, and how does the latter impact on sectarianism? This paper examines the literature on identity, especially sectarianism, and how it affects the formation of different kinds of governance, as well as the literature from Historical Sociology on how institutions affect identities, specifically sectarian…
Exploring the Nexus between Sectarianism and Regime Formation in a New Middle East
The purpose of this Special Issue is to examine the nature, causes, and consequences of the Middle East's current sectarian surge. Specifically, how might sectarianism and regime formation/type be inter‐related? The evidence from this specific analysis will also address the broader concern of whether the Arab uprisings have given rise to a qualitatively new kind of Middle Eastern politics, such that it makes sense to speak about a ‘ new Middle Ea…
The rise and decline of the populist social contract in the Arab world
After the Arab Uprisings
Core and periphery
The nineteenth-century expansion of capitalism and imperialism into the Arab region reflected a combination of superior Western technological, market and military power which penetrated and eventually reduced the Middle East to an economic periphery of the core and imposed a very flawed Western state system on it. External intervention and its often-damaging consequences stimulated an on-going reaction manifested in nationalist and Islamic moveme…
The international politics of the Middle East
The Syrian Uprising
The popular mobilization during the Arab Spring against the authoritarian political systems in the Middle East had very different results in different countries. While Tunisia today has democracy, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt gained power by means of democratic elections and had that power for over a year until the old regime retook it. In Syria, however, civil war has been raging for over six years and has killed more than 300,000 people and …
From Westphalian Failure to Heterarchic Governance in Mena
The problematic export of the Westphalian system to MENA is examined, taking Syria as exemplar. The export model is juxtaposed to actual non-lineal trajectories, semi-sovereignty and hybrid or failing states. This is manifested in post-uprising Syria in failing statehood, fragmented and overlapping governance, permeable and collapsing borders, the loss of sovereignty to trans-state movements, “competitive regime-building” between the Asad regime …
Understanding regime divergence in the post-uprising Arab states
Despite the fact that democracy was a main demand of the protestors who spearheaded the Arab uprisings, five years later only Tunisia qualifies as democratic while elsewhere the outcomes have been either authoritarian restoration or failing states. This paper seeks to understand these three divergent trajectories in the post-uprising Arab states, with Tunisia, Egypt and Syria taken as representative of each
Political parties in Mena
This article provides an overview of the development of parties and party systems in the MENA region from early oligarchic pluralism to the mass single-party systems of the populist era and the limited multi-party experiments of the 1990s era of political liberalization. The survey shows how parties develop in parallel with the deepening of politicization and become nearly indispensable adjuncts in the construction of political order. The article…
Revisiting the 1967 Arab-Israel war and its consequences for the regional system
This paper examines the causes and consequences of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war utilizing Waltz’s three levels of analysis: system, state and decision-makers. It first examines the causes, looking at why the M.E.N.A. regional system, but particularly the Arab-Israeli subsystem, was so war prone; assessing why a certain bellicosity was built into both Israel and several of its Arab neighbours; and examining the calculations and miscalculations by lea…
The battle for Syria
Syria's conflict lends credence to the post-modernist view that there is no truth, only competing narratives—indeed it is as much a battle of narratives as of arms. This book goes a long way towards penetrating the fog of war, and will be seen as the definitive account of the international dimension of the ‘battle for Syria’. Based on meticulous research and masterful analysis, and with a felicitous writing style, it uncovers the multiple agents …
The Politics of Identity in Middle East International Relations
This chapter examines identity politics in the Middle East, focusing on Arabism and other regional ethnicities as sources of political identity in the region. It argues that the persistence of conflict in the Middle East stems from the incongruence of identity and material structures. It shows how the interaction of identity with state formation and development has contributed to numerous wars, and most recently to the evolution of regional devel…
Turkey-Syria Relations
Syria from Reform to Revolt
Christian religious leadership in the Middle East
This study examines the political role of the two main Christian communities in the Middle East, the Copts and the Maronites. The work presents debates on the relationship between religion and politics, as well as secularization and the role of religious pluralism in state formation and national integration. This work offers an analysis of the role of religious institutions in both domestic and international politics. By examining the current the…
The sectarian revolution in the Middle East
This paper seeks to explain the dramatic rise of sectarianism in the Middle East. It distinguishes types of sectarianism and their drivers; looks at the rapid diffusion of sectarianism across the region, and analyses its impact on the stability of fragile states, its implications for forms of governance and its effect on the regional power struggle and the stability of the regional states system.
Authoritarian persistence, democratization theory and the Middle East
What explains the democratic deficit and authoritarian persistence in the Middle East? An overview and critique of the cumulative layers of theoretical tradition that seeks to explain democratic and non-democratic outcomes provides a wealth of tools for understanding the Middle East case. Early modernization theory's analysis of 'requisites' proved indeterminate and cultural exceptionalist arguments identified merely an intervening variable. Late…
Syria
Syria was, until recently, seen as a 'successful' example of authoritarian 'upgrading' or 'modernization;' yet in 2011 the Syrian regime faced revolution from below: what went wrong? Bashar al-Asad inherited a flawed regime yet managed to start the integration of his country into the world capitalist market, without forfeiting the nationalist card by, for instance, attempting to acquire legitimacy from opposition to Israel and the US invasion of …
Identity and state formation in multi‐sectarian societies
The relation between state formation and identity in MENA multi‐sectarian societies is examined, taking Syria as a case study. The paper looks at the impact of the mix of sectarianism and nationalism on the formation of state institutions and the impact of the latter on this mix. The flawed export of the Westphalian state system to MENA established the structural context—multiple identities, hybrid states—wherein the two identities compete, overl…
Globalization, democratization, and the Arab uprising
What explains the almost negative impact of international factors on post-Uprising democratization prospects? This article compares the utility of rival “diffusionist” and neo-Gramscian political economy frames to explain this. Three international factors deter democratization. The failure of Western democracy promotion is rooted in the contradiction between the dominance of global finance capital and the norm of democratic equality; in the perip…
The rise and decline of the populist social contract in the Arab world
Change and Continuity after the Arab Uprising
This article provides a comparative macro-level overview of political development in Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt. It examines their evolution from the colonial period through several distinct phases, showing how differences in their origins were followed over time by a certain convergence towards a common post-populist form of authoritarianism, albeit still distinguished according to monarchic and republican legitimacy principles. On this basis, i…
Introduction
This introduction sets the context for the following articles by first conceptualizing the divergent post-uprising trajectories taken by varying states: these are distinguished first by whether state capacity collapses or persists, and if it persists, whether the outcome is a hybrid regime or polyarchy. It then assesses how far starting points – the features of the regime and of the uprising – explain these pathways. Specifically, the varying lev…
Exploring the Nexus between Sectarianism and Regime Formation in a New Middle East
The purpose of this Special Issue is to examine the nature, causes, and consequences of the Middle East's current sectarian surge. Specifically, how might sectarianism and regime formation/type be inter‐related? The evidence from this specific analysis will also address the broader concern of whether the Arab uprisings have given rise to a qualitatively new kind of Middle Eastern politics, such that it makes sense to speak about a ‘ new Middle Ea…
The Middle East in the world hierarchy
The Political Economy of Economic Liberalization in Syria
When the Arab world's authoritarian-populist/;etatist regimes first emerged, they were perceived by Marxist and modernization theorists alike as potentially forging the strong states needed by late developers to pursue national development. Three decades later, the conventional wisdom sees these states as obstacles to development and statism is in retreat. Even in Syria, where the Baʿth institutionalized statist ideology more effectively than els…
Political parties in Mena
This article provides an overview of the development of parties and party systems in the MENA region from early oligarchic pluralism to the mass single-party systems of the populist era and the limited multi-party experiments of the 1990s era of political liberalization. The survey shows how parties develop in parallel with the deepening of politicization and become nearly indispensable adjuncts in the construction of political order. The article…
Conclusion
This conclusion summarizes the evidence explaining the divergent trajectories taken by post Arab uprising states in terms of multiple variables, each illustrated by an iconic case, namely: State Failure and Competitive governance (Syria), Regime Restoration and Hybrid Governance (Egypt) and Polyarchic Governance (Tunisia). Factors include the starting point: levels of opposition mobilization and regimes' resilience – a function of their patrimoni…
Modern Syrian Politics
This article examines major issues and debates in the study of modern Syrian politics including the identity crisis rooted in state formation; reasons for the failure of the early liberal experiment; the nature of the Ba'th regime and whether it can be considered to have carried out a revolution; explanations for the stabilization of the regime under Asad; the nature of Ba'thist political economy; the extent, causes, and consequences of economic …
Toward a Historical Sociology of State Formation in the Middle East
If academia has entered a ‘post-democratization’ period, this only can aid our understanding of the Middle East. The failure of the expected democratic transition in the Middle East and the resulti
The politics of economic reform in Egypt
(1993). The politics of economic reform in Egypt. Third World Quarterly: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 159-171
Syria and the Middle East Peace Process
Understanding regime divergence in the post-uprising Arab states
Despite the fact that democracy was a main demand of the protestors who spearheaded the Arab uprisings, five years later only Tunisia qualifies as democratic while elsewhere the outcomes have been either authoritarian restoration or failing states. This paper seeks to understand these three divergent trajectories in the post-uprising Arab states, with Tunisia, Egypt and Syria taken as representative of each
The battle for Syria
Syria's conflict lends credence to the post-modernist view that there is no truth, only competing narratives—indeed it is as much a battle of narratives as of arms. This book goes a long way towards penetrating the fog of war, and will be seen as the definitive account of the international dimension of the ‘battle for Syria’. Based on meticulous research and masterful analysis, and with a felicitous writing style, it uncovers the multiple agents …
Historical Sociology and the Arab Uprising
Historical sociology's perspectives—co-constitution of the international and domestic, path-dependency, variegated regime types—help illuminate the state formation paths leading to the Arab Uprising. It also points to how contention between the mass mobilization unleashed by the Uprising and oligarchic inheritances is issuing in variegated hybrid outcomes
Charisma, revolution, and state formation
(1984). Charisma, revolution, and state formation: Qaddafi and Libya. Third World Quarterly: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 59-73
From Westphalian Failure to Heterarchic Governance in Mena
The problematic export of the Westphalian system to MENA is examined, taking Syria as exemplar. The export model is juxtaposed to actual non-lineal trajectories, semi-sovereignty and hybrid or failing states. This is manifested in post-uprising Syria in failing statehood, fragmented and overlapping governance, permeable and collapsing borders, the loss of sovereignty to trans-state movements, “competitive regime-building” between the Asad regime …
Sectarianism and Governance in Syria
How does the multi‐sectarian make‐up of multi‐sectarian states affect governance, most notably the variation between democracy and authoritarianism, and how does the latter impact on sectarianism? This paper examines the literature on identity, especially sectarianism, and how it affects the formation of different kinds of governance, as well as the literature from Historical Sociology on how institutions affect identities, specifically sectarian…
Pax‐Syriana? The origins, causes and consequences of Syria's role in Lebanon
The motives for Syrian intervention in Lebanon were shaped by geopolitics, not domestic politics ‐ primarily by the struggle to forestall Israeli intervention in Lebanon. Syria's apparent success in establishing hegemony was due to its neutralisation of external rivals, the exhaustion of Lebanese factions, its use of the rising Shi'i forces, and Syria's centrality to ending the strife. The Syrian‐dominated order in Lebanon rests on its links to a…
Political Recruitment and Socialization in Syria
Over the last fifteen years the Syrian Ba'th Party has succeeded-in a country previously known for weak governments and military coups-not only in entrenching a strong relatively stable system of single party rule, but also in launching its own variety of socialist and modernizing revolution. The explanation of this transformation in the nature of Syrian political life is one of the interesting problems of contemporary Syrian and Middle Eastern p…
Europe and the Middle East
Europe’s relation with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is discussed in the context of normative (International Society) and materialist approaches (World System’s Theory). First, European imperialism’s export of a flawed Westphalian state system is summarized. How Europe is “caught” between MENA and the US and co-opted into a division of labour toward the region is then surveyed. The gap between the normative rhetoric and actual inequitab…
Political Recruitment and Socialization in Syria
Over the last fifteen years the Syrian Ba'th Party has succeeded-in a country previously known for weak governments and military coups-not only in entrenching a strong relatively stable system of single party rule, but also in launching its own variety of socialist and modernizing revolution. The explanation of this transformation in the nature of Syrian political life is one of the interesting problems of contemporary Syrian and Middle Eastern p…
Egypt under Sadat
In this paper I examine the transformations in the Egyptian state—specifically in the political establishment—as Egypt moves into a new stage of development characterized by economic liberalization and a westward political realignment. I examine persistence and change in the structure and distribution of power in the establishment, in elite ideology, recruitment practices and social composition, and in the patterns and cleavages of intra-elite po…
Rural Politics in Ba'thist Syria
The importance of the countryside (rief) for the social and economic development of Arab societies whose populations are still greatly peasant in composition and whose wealth is still based on agriculture seems incontestable. Less obvious, but equally important, is the political role of the peasantry and the rural areas in the process of transition from traditional to more modern types of social and political systems in the Middle East. There is …
Party Activists in Syria and Egypt
Using data from questionnaires given to Ba'th activists in Syria and Wafd activists in Egypt, this article examines the character of political activism in Third World authoritarian regimes. Both class and ideology appear to be significant determinants of the party chosen for participation. A complex set of motivational considerations rooted in personal and primordial relationships is often found to blend and coexist with class and ideological int…
Charisma, revolution, and state formation
(1984). Charisma, revolution, and state formation: Qaddafi and Libya. Third World Quarterly: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 59-73
The Reemergence of the Wafd Party
What has been called the Revolution of 1952 was not really a revolution; a revolution should start from the bottom, not the top. The 1919 Revolution was different; it created the Egyptian man, while the 1952 revolution killed him. The 1919 Revolution ... achieved ... the British evacuation, while the 1952 revolution brought with it several defeats. The leaders and members of the 1919 Revolution faced torture in prisons, while the leaders of the 1…
Egyptian Politics Under Sadat
Explains the forces that produced the remarkable transformation in Egypt after Nasir's death and analyzes its outcome
Bureaucracy and Development in Syria
This article examines the Syrian bureaucracy through a case study of its role in agricultural development. It analyses the degree of technocratic rationality imparted to agrarian policy, the effectiveness of the bureaucracy in carrying out agricultural policy, the beneficial role of the bureaucracy for the agrarian economy and the peasantry, and the political consequences of the Syrian bureaucracy's role in agriculture. It also indicates that whi…
Bureaucracy and Development in Syria
This article examines the Syrian bureaucracy through a case study of its role in agricultural development. It analyses the degree of technocratic rationality imparted to agrarian policy, the effectiveness of the bureaucracy in carrying out agricultural policy, the beneficial role of the bureaucracy for the agrarian economy and the peasantry, and the political consequences of the Syrian bureaucracy's role in agriculture. It also indicates that whi…
Syria and the Middle East peace process
Syria and the Middle East Peace Process
Class, State and the Reversal of Egypt's Agrarian Reform
Iran, egypt, and the middle east state system in the post‐gulf war “new world order”
Asad's Syria and the New World Order
Designs on Lebanon, Cont'd
Designs on Lebanon, Cont'd
The politics of economic reform in Egypt
(1993). The politics of economic reform in Egypt. Third World Quarterly: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 159-171
A
BYZANTIUM AND THE EARLY ISLAMIC CONQUESTS. By WALTER E. KAEGI. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992. xiii, 313pp. 5 maps, 2 pp. of plates. £45.00 (hb). STUDIES IN EARLY MUSLIM JURISPRUDENCE. By NORMAN CALDER. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1993. xiv, 257pp. £35.00. GOLDEN ROADS: MIGRATION, PILGRIMAGE AND TRAVEL IN MEDIAEVAL AND MODERN ISLAM. Edited by IAN RICHARD NETTON. Richmond (Surrey), Curzon Press, 1993. xvii, 193pp. £35 (hb), £16.99 (pb). …
B
MIDDLE EAST STUDIES IN DENMARK. Edited by LARS ERSLEV ANDERSEN. Odense, Odense University Press, 1994. 215pp. DKK 200. APPROACHES TO THE HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EAST: INTERVIEWS WITH LEADING MIDDLE EAST HISTORIANS. By NANCY ELIZABETH GALLAGHER. Reading, Garnet Publishing, 1994. viii, 197pp. A HISTORY OF THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST. By WILLIAM L. CLEVELAND. Boulder and Oxford, Westview Press, 1994. 503pp. Tables, maps, photographs, glossary, select bibli…
Syria
The Political Economy of Economic Liberalization in Syria
When the Arab world's authoritarian-populist/;etatist regimes first emerged, they were perceived by Marxist and modernization theorists alike as potentially forging the strong states needed by late developers to pursue national development. Three decades later, the conventional wisdom sees these states as obstacles to development and statism is in retreat. Even in Syria, where the Baʿth institutionalized statist ideology more effectively than els…
A
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HADITH. By John Burton. (Islamic Surveys.) Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1994. 210 pp. £39.95 (hb); £16.95 (pb). POLITICS, GENDER, AND THE ISLAMIC PAST: THE LEGACY OF ‘A'ISHA BINT ABI BAKR. By D. A. Spellberg. New York, Columbia University Press, 1995. 250 pp. $35.00. MEDIEVAL ISMA'ILI HISTORY AND THOUGHT. Edited by Farhad Daftary. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996. 331 pp. £40.00 THE THRONE CARRIER OF GO…
A
PALESTINIAN PEASANTS AND OTTOMAN OFFICIALS: RURAL ADMINISTRATION AROUND SIXTEENTH‐CENTURY JERUSALEM. By Amy Singer. (Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization.) Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1995. THE PASHA'S PEASANTS: LAND, SOCIETY, AND ECONOMY IN LOWER EGYPT, 1740–1858. By Kenneth M. Cuno. (Cambridge Middle East Library, 27.) Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992. 295 pp., tables, appendices, index. £35.00 (hb). SOCIALISM AND NAT…
Does Syria Want Peace? Syrian Policy in the Syrian-Israeli Peace Negotiations
Fallacies about Syria
Political science (77 obras) · Law (60 obras) · Politics (60 obras) · Political economy (48 obras) · Law (42 obras) · History (40 obras) · Sociology (37 obras) · Economics (36 obras) · Middle East (32 obras) · Ancient history (29 obras)