John M Starr
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 113289 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | John M Starr |
| NOMBRES | John M |
| APELLIDO | Starr |
| FIRMA | STARR J M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Edinburgh |
| ORCID | 0009-0007-0801-0165 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 31 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 103 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 31 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2003 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Losing Phonotactic Distinctions in Context
Previous psycholinguistic research has demonstrated that sentence processing varies according to both syntactic and discourse context. However, a systematic investigation of how such contexts influence how the processor manages low‐level representations of linguistic structure has yet to be carried out. In this paper, we conduct a series of self‐paced reading experiments which show how one well‐established linguistic measurement—phonotactic disti…
Physical frailty and decline in general and specific cognitive abilities
BACKGROUND: Physical frailty is associated with many adverse outcomes including disability, chronic disease, hospitalisation, institutionalisation and death. It is unclear what impact it might have on the rate of normal cognitive ageing. We investigated whether physical frailty was related to initial level of, and change in, cognitive abilities from age 70 to 79 years. METHOD: Participants were 950 members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Physic…
Genome-wide association study identifies 48 common genetic variants associated with handedness
Handedness has been extensively studied because of its relationship with language and the over-representation of left-handers in some neurodevelopmental disorders. Using data from the UK Biobank, 23andMe and the International Handedness Consortium, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of handedness (N = 1,766,671). We found 41 loci associated (P < 5 × 10−8) with left-handedness and 7 associated with ambidexterity. Tissue-enrichmen…
Brain Peak Width of Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity (PSMD) and Cognitive Function in Later Life
It is suggested that the brain's peak width of skeletonized water mean diffusivity (PSMD) is a neuro-biomarker of processing speed, an important aspect of cognitive aging. We tested whether PSMD is more strongly correlated with processing speed than with other cognitive domains, and more strongly than other structural brain MRI indices. Participants were 731 Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 members, mean age = 73 years (SD = 0.7); analytical sample was …
Predicting change in quality of life from age 79 to 90 in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921
This study has identified potential targets for interventions to improve QoL in the oldest old. Further research should address causal pathways between QoL and functional and mood decline, perceived health and loneliness
Green space and cognitive ageing
International evidence suggests that green space has beneficial effects on general and mental health but little is known about how lifetime exposure to green space influences cognitive ageing. Employing a novel longitudinal life course approach, we examined the association between lifetime availability of public parks and cognitive ageing. Lifetime residential information was gathered from the participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 using a…
Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses
Intelligence and socioeconomic position in childhood in relation to frailty and cumulative allostatic load in later life
BACKGROUND: Information on childhood determinants of frailty or allostatic load in later life is sparse. We investigated whether lower intelligence and greater socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood increased the risk of frailty and higher allostatic load, and explored the mediating roles of adult socioeconomic position, educational attainment and health behaviours. METHODS: Participants were 876 members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 whose in…
Pulmonary function as a risk factor for dementia death
GWAS of 126,559 Individuals Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Educational Attainment
Genetic College Many genomic elements in humans are associated with behavior, including educational attainment. In a genome-wide association study including more than 100,000 samples, Rietveld et al. (p. 1467 , published online 30 May; see the Perspective by Flint and Munafò ) looked for genes related to educational attainment in Caucasians. Small genetic effects at three loci appeared to impact educational attainment.
Modeling multisystem biological risk in later life
OBJECTIVES: To investigate and replicate a multisystem model of biological risk, or allostatic load, in a sample of generally healthy older adults. METHODS: Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) was applied to data from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 726). Blood samples were taken at a physical examination. Three markers of inflammation (fibrinogen, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein), five metabolic markers (high- and low-densi…
Personality Traits and Inflammation in Men and Women in Their Early 70s
OBJECTIVES: Studies have reported associations between the five-factor model's personality traits and inflammation markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Findings, however, have been inconsistent. This study investigates these associations in individuals who ranged in age from approximately 70 to 73 years. METHODS: Participants were from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 818). Acute-phase proteins-CRP and fibrinogen-were meas…
OP18 Does Dementia Risk Begin in Early Life? Examining the Relationship Between Height and Dementia Mortality in an Individual Participant Meta-analysis of 181,800 People from Eighteen Prospective Coh…
Background Risk factors measured in middle age do not fully explain the occurrence of future dementia risk. This raises the possibility that pre-adult risk factors may be implicated in its aetiology. Height is a proxy for early life circumstances (early life illness, adversity, nutritional privation, or psychosocial stress). Lower physical stature is associated with elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates. Since CVD and dementia have a shared…
Association between psychological distress and mortality
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the link between lower, subclinically symptomatic, levels of psychological distress and cause-specific mortality in a large scale, population based study. DESIGN: Individual participant meta-analysis of 10 large prospective cohort studies from the Health Survey for England. Baseline psychological distress measured by the 12 item General Health Questionnaire score, and mortality from death certification. PARTICIPANTS: 68,222…
Predicting Mortality From Human Faces
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether and to what extent mortality is predictable from facial photographs of older people. METHODS: High-quality facial photographs of 292 members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921, taken at the age of about 83 years, were rated in terms of apparent age, health, attractiveness, facial symmetry, intelligence, and well-being by 12 young-adult raters. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to study associations betwe…
Correlates of personality trait levels and their changes in very old age
Sex differences in reaction time mean and intraindividual variability across the life span
Men are often found to have faster and less variable reaction times (RTs) than do women. However, it has not been established whether these differences occur in children. One suggestion is that sex differences in RT variability may be due to the effect of sex hormones on the brain and, by implication, may be expected in adults but not in children. The present study investigates sex differences in RT mean and intraindividual variability in a sampl…
On the street where you live
Symmetry of the face in old age reflects childhood social status
Psychosocial factors and health as determinants of quality of life in community-dwelling older adults
Caffeine Consumption and Cognitive Function at Age 70
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between caffeine consumption and cognitive outcomes in later life. METHODS: Participants were 923 healthy adults from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 Study, on whom there were intelligence quotient (IQ) data from age 11 years. Cognitive function at age 70 years was assessed, using tests measuring general cognitive ability, speed of information processing, and memory. Current caffeine consumption (using mult…
Which aspects of subjectively reported quality of life are important in predicting mortality beyond known risk factors? The Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 Study
Symmetric faces are a sign of successful cognitive aging
Age-associated cognitive decline
INTRODUCTION: Age-associated cognitive decline-or normal (non-pathological, normative, usual) cognitive ageing-is an important human experience which differs in extent between individuals. The determinants of the differences in age-related cognitive decline are not fully understood. Progress in the field is taking place across many areas of biomedical and psychosocial sciences. AREAS OF AGREEMENT AND CONTROVERSY: The phenotype of normal cognitive…
Reverse Causation in the Association Between C-Reactive Protein and Fibrinogen Levels and Cognitive Abilities in an Aging Sample
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that increased levels of inflammatory and hemostatic markers are associated with poorer cognitive performance and to assess the influence of childhood intelligence quotient (IQ) and current cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors on this relationship. Blood inflammatory markers have been shown to predict late-life cognition, although the mechanism through which this occurs is unknown. METHODS: Levels of the bio…
Green space and cognitive ageing
International evidence suggests that green space has beneficial effects on general and mental health but little is known about how lifetime exposure to green space influences cognitive ageing. Employing a novel longitudinal life course approach, we examined the association between lifetime availability of public parks and cognitive ageing. Lifetime residential information was gathered from the participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 using a…
The Impact of Childhood Intelligence on Later Life
The Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947 collected valid IQ-type test scores for almost everyone born in 1921 and 1936 and attending school on June 1, 1932 (N=89,498) and June 4, 1947 (N=70,805). These surveys are described. This research, using the surveys' data, examined (a) the stability of intelligence differences across the life span, (b) the determinants of cognitive change from childhood to old age, and (c) the impact of childhood inte…
Childhood IQ and cardiovascular disease in adulthood
Intelligence and socioeconomic position in childhood in relation to frailty and cumulative allostatic load in later life
BACKGROUND: Information on childhood determinants of frailty or allostatic load in later life is sparse. We investigated whether lower intelligence and greater socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood increased the risk of frailty and higher allostatic load, and explored the mediating roles of adult socioeconomic position, educational attainment and health behaviours. METHODS: Participants were 876 members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 whose in…
On the street where you live
Correlates of personality trait levels and their changes in very old age
Sex differences in reaction time mean and intraindividual variability across the life span
Men are often found to have faster and less variable reaction times (RTs) than do women. However, it has not been established whether these differences occur in children. One suggestion is that sex differences in RT variability may be due to the effect of sex hormones on the brain and, by implication, may be expected in adults but not in children. The present study investigates sex differences in RT mean and intraindividual variability in a sampl…
Genome-wide association study identifies 48 common genetic variants associated with handedness
Handedness has been extensively studied because of its relationship with language and the over-representation of left-handers in some neurodevelopmental disorders. Using data from the UK Biobank, 23andMe and the International Handedness Consortium, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of handedness (N = 1,766,671). We found 41 loci associated (P < 5 × 10−8) with left-handedness and 7 associated with ambidexterity. Tissue-enrichmen…
Physical frailty and decline in general and specific cognitive abilities
BACKGROUND: Physical frailty is associated with many adverse outcomes including disability, chronic disease, hospitalisation, institutionalisation and death. It is unclear what impact it might have on the rate of normal cognitive ageing. We investigated whether physical frailty was related to initial level of, and change in, cognitive abilities from age 70 to 79 years. METHOD: Participants were 950 members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Physic…
Childhood IQ, Social Class, Deprivation, and Their Relationships with Mortality and Morbidity Risk in Later Life
OBJECTIVE: To investigate how childhood mental ability (IQ) is related to mortality and morbidity risk, when socioeconomic factors are also considered. METHODS: Participants were from the Midspan studies conducted on adults in the 1970s; 938 Midspan participants were successfully matched with the Scottish Mental Survey 1932 in which children born in 1921 and attending Scottish schools on June 1, 1932, took a cognitive ability test. Mortality, hos…
Birth Weight and Cognitive Ability in Childhood
The Impact of Childhood Intelligence on Later Life
The Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947 collected valid IQ-type test scores for almost everyone born in 1921 and 1936 and attending school on June 1, 1932 (N=89,498) and June 4, 1947 (N=70,805). These surveys are described. This research, using the surveys' data, examined (a) the stability of intelligence differences across the life span, (b) the determinants of cognitive change from childhood to old age, and (c) the impact of childhood inte…
Childhood IQ and cardiovascular disease in adulthood
Childhood Iq of Parents Related to Characteristics of Their Offspring
the objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between childhood iq of parents and characteristics of their adult offspring. it was a prospective family cohort study linked to a mental ability survey of the parents and set in renfrew and paisley in scotland. participants were 1921-born men and women who took part in the scottish mental survey in 1932 and the renfrew/paisley study in the 1970s, and whose offspring took part in the …
All-cause mortality in the Aberdeen 1921 birth cohort
Both physical and psychological variables independently predicted survival in old age: respiratory function and executive function in particular. Male gender conferred increased risk of mortality and this was not explained by the broad range of socio-environmental, mental ability and health status variables examined in the study
Symmetric faces are a sign of successful cognitive aging
Age-associated cognitive decline
INTRODUCTION: Age-associated cognitive decline-or normal (non-pathological, normative, usual) cognitive ageing-is an important human experience which differs in extent between individuals. The determinants of the differences in age-related cognitive decline are not fully understood. Progress in the field is taking place across many areas of biomedical and psychosocial sciences. AREAS OF AGREEMENT AND CONTROVERSY: The phenotype of normal cognitive…
Reverse Causation in the Association Between C-Reactive Protein and Fibrinogen Levels and Cognitive Abilities in an Aging Sample
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that increased levels of inflammatory and hemostatic markers are associated with poorer cognitive performance and to assess the influence of childhood intelligence quotient (IQ) and current cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors on this relationship. Blood inflammatory markers have been shown to predict late-life cognition, although the mechanism through which this occurs is unknown. METHODS: Levels of the bio…
Caffeine Consumption and Cognitive Function at Age 70
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between caffeine consumption and cognitive outcomes in later life. METHODS: Participants were 923 healthy adults from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 Study, on whom there were intelligence quotient (IQ) data from age 11 years. Cognitive function at age 70 years was assessed, using tests measuring general cognitive ability, speed of information processing, and memory. Current caffeine consumption (using mult…
Which aspects of subjectively reported quality of life are important in predicting mortality beyond known risk factors? The Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 Study
Symmetry of the face in old age reflects childhood social status
Psychosocial factors and health as determinants of quality of life in community-dwelling older adults
Association between psychological distress and mortality
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the link between lower, subclinically symptomatic, levels of psychological distress and cause-specific mortality in a large scale, population based study. DESIGN: Individual participant meta-analysis of 10 large prospective cohort studies from the Health Survey for England. Baseline psychological distress measured by the 12 item General Health Questionnaire score, and mortality from death certification. PARTICIPANTS: 68,222…
Predicting Mortality From Human Faces
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether and to what extent mortality is predictable from facial photographs of older people. METHODS: High-quality facial photographs of 292 members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921, taken at the age of about 83 years, were rated in terms of apparent age, health, attractiveness, facial symmetry, intelligence, and well-being by 12 young-adult raters. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to study associations betwe…
Correlates of personality trait levels and their changes in very old age
Sex differences in reaction time mean and intraindividual variability across the life span
Men are often found to have faster and less variable reaction times (RTs) than do women. However, it has not been established whether these differences occur in children. One suggestion is that sex differences in RT variability may be due to the effect of sex hormones on the brain and, by implication, may be expected in adults but not in children. The present study investigates sex differences in RT mean and intraindividual variability in a sampl…
On the street where you live
GWAS of 126,559 Individuals Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Educational Attainment
Genetic College Many genomic elements in humans are associated with behavior, including educational attainment. In a genome-wide association study including more than 100,000 samples, Rietveld et al. (p. 1467 , published online 30 May; see the Perspective by Flint and Munafò ) looked for genes related to educational attainment in Caucasians. Small genetic effects at three loci appeared to impact educational attainment.
Modeling multisystem biological risk in later life
OBJECTIVES: To investigate and replicate a multisystem model of biological risk, or allostatic load, in a sample of generally healthy older adults. METHODS: Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) was applied to data from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 726). Blood samples were taken at a physical examination. Three markers of inflammation (fibrinogen, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein), five metabolic markers (high- and low-densi…
Personality Traits and Inflammation in Men and Women in Their Early 70s
OBJECTIVES: Studies have reported associations between the five-factor model's personality traits and inflammation markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Findings, however, have been inconsistent. This study investigates these associations in individuals who ranged in age from approximately 70 to 73 years. METHODS: Participants were from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 818). Acute-phase proteins-CRP and fibrinogen-were meas…
OP18 Does Dementia Risk Begin in Early Life? Examining the Relationship Between Height and Dementia Mortality in an Individual Participant Meta-analysis of 181,800 People from Eighteen Prospective Coh…
Background Risk factors measured in middle age do not fully explain the occurrence of future dementia risk. This raises the possibility that pre-adult risk factors may be implicated in its aetiology. Height is a proxy for early life circumstances (early life illness, adversity, nutritional privation, or psychosocial stress). Lower physical stature is associated with elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates. Since CVD and dementia have a shared…
Pulmonary function as a risk factor for dementia death
Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses
Intelligence and socioeconomic position in childhood in relation to frailty and cumulative allostatic load in later life
BACKGROUND: Information on childhood determinants of frailty or allostatic load in later life is sparse. We investigated whether lower intelligence and greater socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood increased the risk of frailty and higher allostatic load, and explored the mediating roles of adult socioeconomic position, educational attainment and health behaviours. METHODS: Participants were 876 members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 whose in…
Medicine (23 obras) · Psychology (20 obras) · Demography (19 obras) · Cohort (12 obras) · Gerontology (12 obras) · Psychiatry (12 obras) · Cognition (11 obras) · Developmental psychology (9 obras) · Internal Medicine (9 obras) · Internal Medicine (9 obras)