Lester H Phillips
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1164867 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Lester H Phillips |
| NOMBRES | Lester H |
| APELLIDO | Phillips |
| FIRMA | PHILLIPS L H |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Aberdeen |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0988-3028 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 35 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1949 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
How social media use and abuse are related to social cognition and loneliness in older adults
Social media (SM) offers older adults new avenues for social interaction, yet its relations to social cognition remain unclear given its fundamental differences from face-to-face communication. This study examined how SM use and abuse relate to social cognition, cognitive functioning, and loneliness in older adults. A total of 529 participants aged 60–89 completed online measures of social cognition, cognitive functioning, loneliness, and social …
Do Age-Based Meta-Stereotypes Matter in Intergenerational Relationships
Our motivation to interact with people from different generations might be influenced by age-based meta-stereotypes: whether we think that those from other age groups view us negatively or positively. In three studies, we investigated the relationship between age-based meta-stereotypes and intergenerational contact in younger (18–30) and older (65+) adults. In Study 1, the valence of meta-stereotypes was significantly related to intergenerational…
Expression ambiguity leads to greater influence of predictive context during face emotion perception
Context has been theoretically proposed to exert greater impact on face emotion processing when expressions are ambiguous. However, evidence for such "context-weighting" as a function of expression ambiguity is very limited. We investigated the presence of context-weighting using emotive sentence cues that provided a predictive context for a neutral face that changed expression in response. Emotional expressions were either congruent or incongrue…
Now you see it, now you don’t
There is an age-related positivity effect in attention to emotional faces. However, all of these studies have relied on computer tasks where people are directed to look at faces on a screen. The primary aim of this study was to test whether the age-related positivity effect to emotional faces emerges under more naturalistic settings. The secondary aim was to test whether an own-age bias exists in attention to emotional faces and whether task ecol…
Involvement of older adults in shared decision-making on care transitions in the UK
The global population is ageing rapidly, emphasising the need to understand the decision-making processes of older adults regarding potential care transitions. Gerontological research has focused on healthcare decisions, with less information on living situation choices of older adults. This review explored older adults' experiences with their involvement in decision-making processes related to transitioning into care facilities in the United Kin…
Age and cultural differences in the relationship between reading and theory of mind
Adult Age Differences in Using Information From the Eyes and Mouth to Make Decisions About Others’ Emotions
These studies indicate that older people are more able than young to interpret emotional information from the mouth, they are more biased to use information from the mouth, and suffer more difficulty in emotion perception when the mouth is covered with a face mask. This has implications for social communication in different age groups
Visual attentional orienting by eye gaze
Given limitations in the amount of visual information that a person can simultaneously process through to conscious perception, selective visual attention is necessary. Visual signals in the environment aid this selection process by triggering reflexive shifts of covert attention to locations of potential importance. One such signal appears to be others' eye gaze. Indeed, a gaze-cueing effect, whereby healthy adults respond faster to targets that…
The Effects of Adult Aging and Culture on Theory of Mind
This pattern of results may reflect changes in the familiarity and cognitive load of explicit mental state attribution, along with cultural differences in the pace and nature of cognitive aging. Cultural differences in education and WM should be considered when researching age differences in ToM
Is Individualism Suicidogenic? Findings From a Multinational Study of Young Adults From 12 Countries
The associations of individualistic versus collectivistic value orientations with suicidal ideation and attempts, attitudes towards suicide and towards suicidal individuals, and psychological distress were investigated across 12 nations ( N = 5572 university students). We expected differential associations of value orientations with suicidal behavior and moderating effects of the prevailing value orientations in the various countries. Findings sh…
The detrimental effects of mood on prospective memory are modulated by age
Everyday fluctuations in mood can influence our ability to remember to carry out intentions (prospective memory [PM]). Theories of mood-cognition interaction make differing predictions about the effects of positive and negative mood states on cognition that may change in aging. To test these predictions, we looked at the effects of age and induced mood on different types of PM tasks. Results showed that on a task which required constant attention…
The Role of Religion in Suicidal Behavior, Attitudes and Psychological Distress Among University Students
The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between religion, suicidal behavior, attitudes and psychological distress in 5572 students from 12 countries by means of a self-report questionnaire. Our results showed that an affiliation with Islam was associated with reduced risk for suicide ideation, however affiliating with Orthodox Christianity and no religion was related to increased risk for suicide ideation. While affiliating wi…
Suicidal Behavior and Psychological Distress in University Students
This study investigated the prevalence of suicidal behavior and psychological distress in university students across 12 nations. A total of 5,572 university students from 12 countries were surveyed about suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and psychological distress by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Almost 29% of the samples reported having contemplated suicide and 7% reported attempting suicide. Of the total sample, 51.1% scored abo…
Mental and perceptual feedback in the development of creative flow
Age Deficits in Facial Affect Recognition
Together, these studies provide important and novel insights into the specific circumstances in which older adults may be expected to experience difficulties in perceiving facial emotions
Older adults have difficulty in decoding sarcasm
Younger and older adults differ in performance on a range of social-cognitive skills, with older adults having difficulties in decoding nonverbal cues to emotion and intentions. Such skills are likely to be important when deciding whether someone is being sarcastic. In the current study we investigated in a life span sample whether there are age-related differences in the interpretation of sarcastic statements. Using both video and verbal materia…
The emotional eyewitness
The present set of experiments aimed to investigate the effects of negative emotion on specific aspects of eyewitness recall and recognition performance. The experience of emotion was manipulated between subjects, with participants either viewing a crime scenario (a mugging) or a neutral scenario (a conversation). Eyewitness recall was categorized into descriptions of the perpetrator, critical incident, victim, and environmental details. The comp…
Processing orientation and emotion recognition
There is evidence that some emotional expressions are characterised by diagnostic cues from individual face features. For example, an upturned mouth is indicative of happiness, while a furrowed brow is associated with anger. The current investigation explored whether motivating people to perceive stimuli in a local (i.e., feature-based) rather than global (i.e., holistic) processing orientation was advantageous for recognising emotional facial ex…
"Investigating the "Deceiver Stereotype
These findings provide further evidence of age-related differences in the ability to extract socially relevant information from the eye region, which might relate to changes in visual scanning of facial features with age
Age-related changes in the integration of gaze direction and facial expressions of emotion
Gaze direction influences younger adults' perception of emotional expressions, with direct gaze enhancing the perception of anger and joy, while averted gaze enhances the perception of fear. Age-related declines in emotion recognition and eye-gaze processing have been reported, indicating that there may be age-related changes in the ability to integrate these facial cues. As there is evidence of a positivity bias with age, age-related difficultie…
Age-Related Differences in Gaze Following
Previous research revealed age differences in following the gaze of others. To date, however, investigations have concentrated on only young faces as target stimuli. The present study explored whether varying the age of target stimuli moderated gaze following in younger and older adults. Overall, older participants showed less evidence of gaze following, but this was qualified by the age of the face viewed. Younger participants showed an own-age …
Shifting moods, wandering minds
This study examined the effect of mood states on mind wandering. Positive, neutral, and negative moods were induced in participants prior to them completing a sustained attention task. Mind wandering was measured by using the frequencies of both behavioral lapses and retrospective indices of subjective experience. Relative to a positive mood, induction of a negative mood led participants to make more lapses, report a greater frequency of task irr…
A meta-analytic review of emotion recognition and aging
The role of working memory in decoding emotions
Decoding facial expressions of emotion is an important aspect of social communication that is often impaired following psychiatric or neurological illness. However, little is known of the cognitive components involved in perceiving emotional expressions. Three dual task studies explored the role of verbal working memory in decoding emotions. Concurrent working memory load substantially interfered with choosing which emotional label described a fa…
Effective Regulation of the Experience and Expression of Negative Affect in Old Age
We investigated age differences in the experience and expression of emotion in 64 younger and 62 older adults. By manipulating emotion-regulation instructions, we investigated the effects of age on the control of both the inner experience and the outward expression of emotion. We predicted that there would be age improvements in regulating the inner experience of emotion. Indeed, our results indicated that older adults were more effective than yo…
Age and the Understanding of Emotions
Sociocognitive approaches suggest that the ability to understand emotions should be well maintained in adult aging. However, neuropsychological evidence suggests potential impairments in processing emotions in older adults. In the current study, 30 young adults (aged 20-40 years) and 30 older adults (aged 60-80 years) were tested on a range of emotional ability measures. There were no age effects on the ability to decode emotions from verbal mate…
Age Deficits in Facial Affect Recognition
Together, these studies provide important and novel insights into the specific circumstances in which older adults may be expected to experience difficulties in perceiving facial emotions
Older adults have difficulty in decoding sarcasm
Younger and older adults differ in performance on a range of social-cognitive skills, with older adults having difficulties in decoding nonverbal cues to emotion and intentions. Such skills are likely to be important when deciding whether someone is being sarcastic. In the current study we investigated in a life span sample whether there are age-related differences in the interpretation of sarcastic statements. Using both video and verbal materia…
Age-Related Differences in Gaze Following
Previous research revealed age differences in following the gaze of others. To date, however, investigations have concentrated on only young faces as target stimuli. The present study explored whether varying the age of target stimuli moderated gaze following in younger and older adults. Overall, older participants showed less evidence of gaze following, but this was qualified by the age of the face viewed. Younger participants showed an own-age …
Effective Regulation of the Experience and Expression of Negative Affect in Old Age
We investigated age differences in the experience and expression of emotion in 64 younger and 62 older adults. By manipulating emotion-regulation instructions, we investigated the effects of age on the control of both the inner experience and the outward expression of emotion. We predicted that there would be age improvements in regulating the inner experience of emotion. Indeed, our results indicated that older adults were more effective than yo…
The Role of Religion in Suicidal Behavior, Attitudes and Psychological Distress Among University Students
The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between religion, suicidal behavior, attitudes and psychological distress in 5572 students from 12 countries by means of a self-report questionnaire. Our results showed that an affiliation with Islam was associated with reduced risk for suicide ideation, however affiliating with Orthodox Christianity and no religion was related to increased risk for suicide ideation. While affiliating wi…
The Effects of Adult Aging and Culture on Theory of Mind
This pattern of results may reflect changes in the familiarity and cognitive load of explicit mental state attribution, along with cultural differences in the pace and nature of cognitive aging. Cultural differences in education and WM should be considered when researching age differences in ToM
"Investigating the "Deceiver Stereotype
These findings provide further evidence of age-related differences in the ability to extract socially relevant information from the eye region, which might relate to changes in visual scanning of facial features with age
The Presidential Tenure Amendment
United Nations Membership
Multilateral Constitution-Making
Multilateral Constitution-Making
HE EVER-INCREASING NUMBER of international agencies reflects the contemporary significance of international government, and of the multilateral procedures used in the creation of these agencies. One authority refers to this multilateralism as a central factor in the formulation of legislative and constitutional treaties. 1 Observing that the attitudes and skills involved in such processes are quasi-legislative rather than diplomatic, he suggests …
Constitutional Revision in the Specialized Agencies
The significant rôle for the specialized agencies contemplated by the Charter of the United Nations is reflected in the constitutions of those agencies. It is the purpose of this paper to analyze, on a comparative basis, one aspect of the constitutional law of intergovernmental agencies related to the United Nations, viz. , the flexibility of their constitutions. This study should reveal the degree of adequacy of this ingredient, so essential to …
The effects of adult aging and induced positive and negative mood on planning
The effects of adult aging and induced positive and negative mood on planning
Changes in executive functions have been found in older adults and also in young adults experiencing positive or negative mood states. The current study investigated the hypothesis that older adults would show greater executive function impairment following mood induction than young adults. Ninety-six participants (half aged 19-37, half aged 53-80) completed a neutral, positive, or negative mood induction procedure, followed by the Tower of Londo…
Positive mood and executive function
Positive mood and executive function
Contrasting predictions have been made about the effects of positive mood states on the performance of frontal lobe tests that tap executive functions such as inhibition, switching, and strategy use. It has been argued that positive mood is likely to improve some cognitive processes, particularly those dependent on the frontal cortex and anterior cingulate of the brain. However, there is some evidence that happy mood may impair executive function…
Age and the Understanding of Emotions
Sociocognitive approaches suggest that the ability to understand emotions should be well maintained in adult aging. However, neuropsychological evidence suggests potential impairments in processing emotions in older adults. In the current study, 30 young adults (aged 20-40 years) and 30 older adults (aged 60-80 years) were tested on a range of emotional ability measures. There were no age effects on the ability to decode emotions from verbal mate…
A meta-analytic review of emotion recognition and aging
The role of working memory in decoding emotions
Decoding facial expressions of emotion is an important aspect of social communication that is often impaired following psychiatric or neurological illness. However, little is known of the cognitive components involved in perceiving emotional expressions. Three dual task studies explored the role of verbal working memory in decoding emotions. Concurrent working memory load substantially interfered with choosing which emotional label described a fa…
Effective Regulation of the Experience and Expression of Negative Affect in Old Age
We investigated age differences in the experience and expression of emotion in 64 younger and 62 older adults. By manipulating emotion-regulation instructions, we investigated the effects of age on the control of both the inner experience and the outward expression of emotion. We predicted that there would be age improvements in regulating the inner experience of emotion. Indeed, our results indicated that older adults were more effective than yo…
Shifting moods, wandering minds
This study examined the effect of mood states on mind wandering. Positive, neutral, and negative moods were induced in participants prior to them completing a sustained attention task. Mind wandering was measured by using the frequencies of both behavioral lapses and retrospective indices of subjective experience. Relative to a positive mood, induction of a negative mood led participants to make more lapses, report a greater frequency of task irr…
Age-related changes in the integration of gaze direction and facial expressions of emotion
Gaze direction influences younger adults' perception of emotional expressions, with direct gaze enhancing the perception of anger and joy, while averted gaze enhances the perception of fear. Age-related declines in emotion recognition and eye-gaze processing have been reported, indicating that there may be age-related changes in the ability to integrate these facial cues. As there is evidence of a positivity bias with age, age-related difficultie…
Age-Related Differences in Gaze Following
Previous research revealed age differences in following the gaze of others. To date, however, investigations have concentrated on only young faces as target stimuli. The present study explored whether varying the age of target stimuli moderated gaze following in younger and older adults. Overall, older participants showed less evidence of gaze following, but this was qualified by the age of the face viewed. Younger participants showed an own-age …
Processing orientation and emotion recognition
There is evidence that some emotional expressions are characterised by diagnostic cues from individual face features. For example, an upturned mouth is indicative of happiness, while a furrowed brow is associated with anger. The current investigation explored whether motivating people to perceive stimuli in a local (i.e., feature-based) rather than global (i.e., holistic) processing orientation was advantageous for recognising emotional facial ex…
"Investigating the "Deceiver Stereotype
These findings provide further evidence of age-related differences in the ability to extract socially relevant information from the eye region, which might relate to changes in visual scanning of facial features with age
The emotional eyewitness
The present set of experiments aimed to investigate the effects of negative emotion on specific aspects of eyewitness recall and recognition performance. The experience of emotion was manipulated between subjects, with participants either viewing a crime scenario (a mugging) or a neutral scenario (a conversation). Eyewitness recall was categorized into descriptions of the perpetrator, critical incident, victim, and environmental details. The comp…
Age Deficits in Facial Affect Recognition
Together, these studies provide important and novel insights into the specific circumstances in which older adults may be expected to experience difficulties in perceiving facial emotions
Older adults have difficulty in decoding sarcasm
Younger and older adults differ in performance on a range of social-cognitive skills, with older adults having difficulties in decoding nonverbal cues to emotion and intentions. Such skills are likely to be important when deciding whether someone is being sarcastic. In the current study we investigated in a life span sample whether there are age-related differences in the interpretation of sarcastic statements. Using both video and verbal materia…
Suicidal Behavior and Psychological Distress in University Students
This study investigated the prevalence of suicidal behavior and psychological distress in university students across 12 nations. A total of 5,572 university students from 12 countries were surveyed about suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and psychological distress by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Almost 29% of the samples reported having contemplated suicide and 7% reported attempting suicide. Of the total sample, 51.1% scored abo…
Mental and perceptual feedback in the development of creative flow
The Role of Religion in Suicidal Behavior, Attitudes and Psychological Distress Among University Students
The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between religion, suicidal behavior, attitudes and psychological distress in 5572 students from 12 countries by means of a self-report questionnaire. Our results showed that an affiliation with Islam was associated with reduced risk for suicide ideation, however affiliating with Orthodox Christianity and no religion was related to increased risk for suicide ideation. While affiliating wi…
Is Individualism Suicidogenic? Findings From a Multinational Study of Young Adults From 12 Countries
The associations of individualistic versus collectivistic value orientations with suicidal ideation and attempts, attitudes towards suicide and towards suicidal individuals, and psychological distress were investigated across 12 nations ( N = 5572 university students). We expected differential associations of value orientations with suicidal behavior and moderating effects of the prevailing value orientations in the various countries. Findings sh…
Psychology (27 obras) · Cognitive psychology (16 obras) · Developmental psychology (15 obras) · Cognition (12 obras) · Face Recognition and Perception (11 obras) · Aging and Gerontology Research (10 obras) · Social Psychology (10 obras) · Neuroscience (9 obras) · Social Psychology (9 obras) · Political science (8 obras)