N Contractor
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 118517 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | N Contractor |
| NOMBRES | N |
| APELLIDO | Contractor |
| FIRMA | CONTRACTOR N |
| AFILIACIONES | Northwestern University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9989-3018 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 58 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 124 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 58 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1992 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
The evolving influence of social networks on collaboration technology use during telework transitions
Purpose While existing research shows that employees’ use of collaboration technologies can be influenced by their social relationships, whether and how these effects change under organizational disruptions remains unclear. This study aims to narrow this gap by examining how telework transitions affect the impacts of social networks on collaboration technology use. Design/methodology/approach To examine our research model, we utilize the massive …
We Are a go for launch! working with Nasa to forecast and improve team dynamics in space missions
This paper outlines a decade-long NASA-Northwestern University collaboration developing predictive models for crew relationships during long-duration space missions. Two computational models were created: CREWS (predicting social relations) and SCALE (forecasting shared cognition), integrated into the TEAMSTaR dashboard for mission support. Research conducted at NASA's HERA and Russia's NEK facilities revealed that while behavioral team performan…
Modeling the “who” and “how” of social influence in the adoption of health practices
Embedded Interactions and Selective Disclosure
How do absent others influence our interactions? We argue in this paper that interactions are embedded within networks formed by chains of specific relationships between known third parties. The anticipation of future interactions with external others conditions our interpretation of the current situation and affects our behavior in the interaction. We employ embedded interactions to analyze the case of conflicts between the astronauts and ground…
Vero
Despite the recognized need to prepare for a future of human–AI collaboration, the technical skills necessary to develop and deploy AI systems are considerable, making such research difficult to perform without specialized knowledge. To make human–AI collaboration research more accessible, we developed a novel experimental method that combines a standard video conferencing platform, a set of animations, and Wizard of Oz methods to simulate a grou…
Social perception in Human-AI teams
Revisiting the effects of social networks on enterprise collaboration technology use
Enterprise collaboration technologies (ECTs) are increasingly recognized for supporting effective and efficient digital collaboration, such as decision-making activities, among employees. Given the social and collaborative nature of ECT use, social network theory offers important and helpful insights into how and why employees' social network relations facilitate their ECT use. However, existing research primarily examines the effects of a single…
Information sharing in a hybrid workplace
Shifts to hybrid work prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic have the potential to substantially impact social relationships at work. Hybrid employees rely heavily on digital collaboration technologies to communicate and share information. Therefore, employees’ perceptions of the technologies are critical in shaping organizational networks. However, the dyadic-level misalignment in these perceptions may lead to relationship dissolution. To explore the…
Introduction to the special issue on scientific networks
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Leading teams over time through space
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Diversity, networks, and innovation
Despite the importance of diverse expertise in helping solve difficult interdisciplinary problems, measuring it is challenging and often relies on proxy measures and presumptive correlates of actual knowledge and experience. To address this challenge, we propose a text-based measure that uses researcher’s prior work to estimate their substantive expertise. These expertise estimates are then used to measure team-level expertise diversity by determ…
Teammate invitation networks
Network Canvas
Using Trellis software to enhance high-quality large-scale network data collection in the field
Trellis is a mobile platform created by the Human Nature Lab at the Yale Institute for Network Science to collect high-quality, location-aware, off-line/online, multi-lingual, multi-relational social network and behavior data in hard-to-reach communities. Respondents use Trellis to identify their social contacts by name and photograph, a procedure especially useful in low-literacy populations or in contexts where names may be similar or confusing…
Organizational and Individual Innovation Decisions in an Interorganizational System
This study examines the processes of complex innovation adoption in an interorganizational system. It distinguishes the innovation adoption mechanisms of organizational-decision-makers (ODMs), who make authority adoption decisions on behalf of an organization, from individual-decision-makers (IDMs), who make optional innovation decisions in their own work practice. Drawing on the Theory of Reasoned Action and Social Information Processing Theory,…
Networked experiments and modeling for producing collective identity in a group of human subjects using an iterative abduction framework
Assessing the stability of egocentric networks over time using the digital participant-aided sociogram tool Network Canvas
This paper examines the stability of egocentric networks as reported over time using a novel touchscreen-based participant-aided sociogram. Past work has noted the instability of nominated network alters, with a large proportion leaving and reappearing between interview observations. To explain this instability of networks over time, researchers often look to structural embeddedness, namely the notion that alters are connected to other alters wit…
How Team Interlock Ecosystems Shape the Assembly of Scientific Teams
Today's most pressing scientific problems necessitate scientific teamwork; the increasing complexity and specialization of knowledge render "lone geniuses" ill-equipped to make high-impact scientific breakthroughs. Social network research has begun to explore the factors that promote the assembly of scientific teams. However, this work has been limited by network approaches centered conceptually and analytically on "nodes as people," or "nodes as…
Prior shared success predicts victory in team competitions
Step by step
The emergence of group constructs is an unfolding process, whereby actions and interactions coalesce into collective psychological states. Implicitly, there is a connection between these states and the underlying procession of events. The manner in which interactions follow one another over time describe a group's behavior, with different temporal patterns being indicative of different team characteristics. In this study, we explicitly connect ev…
Space, time, and the development of shared leadership networks in multiteam systems
Digital technologies have created the potential for new forms of organizing among geographically dispersed individuals by connecting their ideas across the time and space in complex multiteam systems (MTSs). Realizing this potential requires novel forms of shared leadership structures to shepherd divergent and convergent thinking necessary to nurture innovation. While there is limited research on how space influences leadership and how the time i…
Individual Motivations and Network Effects
This article explores the relative influence of individual and network-level effects on the emergence of online social relationships. Using network modeling and data drawn from logs of social behavior inside the virtual world Second Life, we combine individual- and network-level theories into an integrated model of online social relationship formation. Results reveal that time spent online and the network pressure toward balance (individuals tend…
The Effects of Diversity and Network Ties on Innovations
This study examines the influence of different types of diversity, both observable and unobservable, on the creation of innovative ideas. Our framework draws on theory and research on information processing, social categorization, coordination, and homophily to posit the influence of cognitive, gender, and country diversity on innovation. Our longitudinal model is based on a unique data set of 1,354 researchers who helped create the new scientifi…
Theoretical Frameworks for the Study of Structuring Processes in Group Decision Support Systems
Most theoretical perspectives used to explain the use and effects of communication and decision support technologies assume some form of technological determinism. Inconsistencies in the research findings have prompted theorists to reject the assumptions of technological determinism in favor of an emergent perspective. To date, only adaptive Structuration theory (AST) offers the promise of satisfying two requirements for explanation based on an e…
Assessing the stability of egocentric networks over time using the digital participant-aided sociogram tool Network Canvas
This paper examines the stability of egocentric networks as reported over time using a novel touchscreen-based participant-aided sociogram. Past work has noted the instability of nominated network alters, with a large proportion leaving and reappearing between interview observations. To explain this instability of networks over time, researchers often look to structural embeddedness, namely the notion that alters are connected to other alters wit…
Social Network Methodology in the Study of Disasters
Coevolution of Communication and Knowledge Networks in Transactive Memory Systems
This study focuses on the initial conditions of work teams and the impacts of these conditions on the development of teams’ transactive memory (TM) systems through computational modeling. TM theory describes the conditions under which team members retrieve and allocate information to accomplish collective tasks. Previous research has shown evidence for teams developing TM systems over time, but field research does not allow for the extensive mani…
Step by step
The emergence of group constructs is an unfolding process, whereby actions and interactions coalesce into collective psychological states. Implicitly, there is a connection between these states and the underlying procession of events. The manner in which interactions follow one another over time describe a group's behavior, with different temporal patterns being indicative of different team characteristics. In this study, we explicitly connect ev…
Social information processing and job characteristics
Journal Article Social Information Processing and Job Characteristics: A Simultaneous Test of Two Theories With Implications for Job Satisfaction Get access Timothy G. Pollock, Timothy G. Pollock 1(Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1998) is an assistant professor in the Management and Human Resources Department of the University of Wisconsin at Madison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Rober…
Interactional Influence in the Structuring of Media Use in Groups Influence in Members'Perceptions of Group Decision Support System Use
Journal Article Interactional Influence in the Structuring of Media Use in Groups: Influence in Members' Perceptions of Group Decision Support System Use Get access Noshir S. Contractor, Noshir S. Contractor 1Noshir S. Contractor is an associate professor in the Department of Speech Communication, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David R. Seibold, David R. Seibold …
Hot Off the Wiki
Wikipedia's coverage of breaking news and current events dominates editor contributions and reader attention in any given month. Collaborators on breaking news articles rapidly synthesize content to produce timely information in spite of steep coordination demands. Wikipedia's coverage of breaking news events thus presents a case to test theories about how open collaborations coordinate complex, time-sensitive, and knowledge-intensive work in the…
From Microactions to Macrostructure and Back
Structuration theory (ST) and network analysis are promising approaches for studying the emergence of communication networks. We offer a model that integrates the conceptual richness of structuration with the precision of relevant concepts and mechanisms offered from communication network research. We leverage methodological advancements (i.e., stochastic actor-oriented models) to test hypotheses deduced from ST using longitudinal communication n…
Structural Position and Perceived Similarity
Several alternative models of structural similarity, or positions, have been proposed. A wide variety of algorithms currently are employed to detect structural positions in a social network. The present work explores how these models correspond to the perception of interpersonal similarity. At the same time this work helps to explain how social structure may influence perceptions. Social network data were collected over 11 weeks in a class of 18 …
The Effects of Diversity and Network Ties on Innovations
This study examines the influence of different types of diversity, both observable and unobservable, on the creation of innovative ideas. Our framework draws on theory and research on information processing, social categorization, coordination, and homophily to posit the influence of cognitive, gender, and country diversity on innovation. Our longitudinal model is based on a unique data set of 1,354 researchers who helped create the new scientifi…
The Virtual Worlds Exploratorium
The Virtual Worlds Exploratorium is a multidisciplinary project dedicated to the study of communication-related behaviors using data from massively multiplayer online games (MMOs). In a partnership with a corporation that hosts an MMO, a 20-person team of scholars is engaged in the study of behavior within a game and also game activities that parallel those in “real life” (e.g., economic activity, social networking, group processes). A key aspect…
Teammate invitation networks
Formal and Emergent Predictors of Coworkers' Perceptual Congruence on an Organization's Social Structure
Journal Article Formal and Emergent Predictors of Coworkers' Perceptual Congruence on an Organization's Social Structure Get access Maureen R. Heald, Maureen R. Heald 1Maureen R. Heald is a graduate student of communication at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Noshir S. Contractor, Noshir S. Contractor 2Noshir S. Contractor (Ph.D., Annenberg School for Communica…
Information sharing in a hybrid workplace
Shifts to hybrid work prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic have the potential to substantially impact social relationships at work. Hybrid employees rely heavily on digital collaboration technologies to communicate and share information. Therefore, employees’ perceptions of the technologies are critical in shaping organizational networks. However, the dyadic-level misalignment in these perceptions may lead to relationship dissolution. To explore the…
Prior shared success predicts victory in team competitions
Dynamic Models of Communication in an Online Friendship Network
In this article, we argue for the usefulness of relational event network analysis to study online communication networks. Unlike other network analytic techniques that require online communication data to be summarized prior to analysis, relational event network analysis uses un-summarized time-stamped data to track the dynamic evolution of communication networks. To illustrate, we use relational event network analysis to analyze the evolution of…
Introduction to the special issue on scientific networks
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Reprint of
Diversity, networks, and innovation
Despite the importance of diverse expertise in helping solve difficult interdisciplinary problems, measuring it is challenging and often relies on proxy measures and presumptive correlates of actual knowledge and experience. To address this challenge, we propose a text-based measure that uses researcher’s prior work to estimate their substantive expertise. These expertise estimates are then used to measure team-level expertise diversity by determ…
Networked experiments and modeling for producing collective identity in a group of human subjects using an iterative abduction framework
Space, time, and the development of shared leadership networks in multiteam systems
Digital technologies have created the potential for new forms of organizing among geographically dispersed individuals by connecting their ideas across the time and space in complex multiteam systems (MTSs). Realizing this potential requires novel forms of shared leadership structures to shepherd divergent and convergent thinking necessary to nurture innovation. While there is limited research on how space influences leadership and how the time i…
Individual Motivations and Network Effects
This article explores the relative influence of individual and network-level effects on the emergence of online social relationships. Using network modeling and data drawn from logs of social behavior inside the virtual world Second Life, we combine individual- and network-level theories into an integrated model of online social relationship formation. Results reveal that time spent online and the network pressure toward balance (individuals tend…
The Emergence of Multidimensional Networks
Structural Position and Perceived Similarity
Several alternative models of structural similarity, or positions, have been proposed. A wide variety of algorithms currently are employed to detect structural positions in a social network. The present work explores how these models correspond to the perception of interpersonal similarity. At the same time this work helps to explain how social structure may influence perceptions. Social network data were collected over 11 weeks in a class of 18 …
Issues for a Theory of High-Speed Management
Theoretical Frameworks for the Study of Structuring Processes in Group Decision Support Systems
Most theoretical perspectives used to explain the use and effects of communication and decision support technologies assume some form of technological determinism. Inconsistencies in the research findings have prompted theorists to reject the assumptions of technological determinism in favor of an emergent perspective. To date, only adaptive Structuration theory (AST) offers the promise of satisfying two requirements for explanation based on an e…
Order to Chaos versus Chaos to Order
Journal Article Order to Chaos versus Chaos to Order Get access Noshir S. Contractor Noshir S. Contractor 1University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 44, Issue 3, September 1994, Pages 135–136, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1994.tb00692.x Published: 07 February 2006
Interactional Influence in the Structuring of Media Use in Groups Influence in Members'Perceptions of Group Decision Support System Use
Journal Article Interactional Influence in the Structuring of Media Use in Groups: Influence in Members' Perceptions of Group Decision Support System Use Get access Noshir S. Contractor, Noshir S. Contractor 1Noshir S. Contractor is an associate professor in the Department of Speech Communication, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David R. Seibold, David R. Seibold …
Formal and Emergent Predictors of Coworkers' Perceptual Congruence on an Organization's Social Structure
Journal Article Formal and Emergent Predictors of Coworkers' Perceptual Congruence on an Organization's Social Structure Get access Maureen R. Heald, Maureen R. Heald 1Maureen R. Heald is a graduate student of communication at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Noshir S. Contractor, Noshir S. Contractor 2Noshir S. Contractor (Ph.D., Annenberg School for Communica…
Social information processing and job characteristics
Journal Article Social Information Processing and Job Characteristics: A Simultaneous Test of Two Theories With Implications for Job Satisfaction Get access Timothy G. Pollock, Timothy G. Pollock 1(Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1998) is an assistant professor in the Management and Human Resources Department of the University of Wisconsin at Madison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Rober…
Information Systems Division
The Information Systems Division of the International Communication Association is concerned with the systems that make communication work, ranging from the intrapersonal (e.g., emotional and cognitive systems) to interpersonal, organizational, and societal systems. Over the past two decades, the interests of the division have focused increasingly on systems of mental processes in communication, but underlying mechanisms explored in information s…
Network Concepts, Measures, and the Multitheoretical, Multilevel Analytic Framework
This chapter begins with an overview of network analysis concepts and measures. Those readers who are new to the area, or who are familiar with the social theories described in this book but not with network analysis itself, should find a careful reading of the first section of this chapter to be essential in understanding the remainder of the chapter and book. Network analysis has become a fairly technical topic, and there are a number of concep…
Evolutionary and Coevolutionary Theories
Chapter 3 discussed the emergence of communication networks from the perspective of complexity theory. Specifically, we described complexity as a network of agents, each with a set of attributes, who follow rules of interaction, which produces emergent structure. Complexity arose from the fact that there were numerous agents with extensive relations. Some complex systems but by no means all, we argued, were self-organizing, meaning that they crea…
Computational Modeling of Networks
Computer simulations have long been used as an effective tool in engineering, economics, psychology, and a number of other social sciences. Engineers typically use simulations to predict performance of a system that has known dynamic characteristics. These characteristics are typically obtained from theory and are then articulated in the simulation as difference or differential equations. The goal of engineering simulation is then to assess the d…
Homophily, Proximity, and Social Support Theories
This chapter discusses three families of theoretical mechanisms—homophily, proximity (physical and electronic), and social support—that have been identified by social scientists as important motivations for why we create, maintain, dissolve, and reconstitute our communication networks. While much of this research is conducted in nonorganizational settings, this chapter focuses on the theory and research that we consider to be most germane to comm…
Communication and Knowledge Networks as Complex Systems
The concept of a system has a long and distinguished history in the social sciences. In fact, Mattelart and Mattelart (1998) claim that “the idea of society as an organism, that is, a whole composed of organs performing predetermined functions, inspired the earliest conceptions of a ‘science of communication’”. We begin this chapter with a brief historical overview of the major systems perspectives that have been utilized in social theory and res…
Networks and Flows in Organizational Communication
Communication networks are the patterns of contact that are created by the flow of messages among communicators through time and space. The concept of message should be understood here in its broadest sense to refer to data, information, knowledge, images, symbols, and any other symbolic forms that can move from one point in a network to another or can be cocreated by network members. These networks take many forms in contemporary organizations, …
Contagion, Semantic, and Cognitive Theories
This chapter reviews theory and research that seeks to explain the emergence of communication networks based on individuals’ cognitions about other people and the relations among those individuals. Contagion theories seek to explain networks as conduits for “infectious” attitudes and behavior. Semantic theories attempt explanations on the basis of networks that map similarities among individuals’ interpretations. Theories of cognitive social stru…
Multitheoretical, Multilevel Models of Communication and Other Organizational Networks
In this book we have argued for a multitheoretical, multilevel approach to the study of communication and other forms of organizational and social networks. We began by exploring several problems within the existing corpus of network research. We then showed how the MTML model provides a network research strategy that resolves most of these problems. (For ease of presentation, this review of the essential arguments and social theories includes ci…
Theories of Self-Interest and Collective Action
Many social theories are based on generative mechanisms that are directly relevant to the emergence and coevolution of human networks. Ironically, as Monge and Contractor (2001) demonstrate, many published network studies fail to acknowledge or explicitly identify the social theories and generative mechanisms that motivate their research. In much of the rest of this book we examine a number of social theories in order to identify their generative…
Exchange and Dependency Theories
Extensive research has been conducted that seeks to explain the emergence of networks based on exchange and dependency mechanisms. Social exchange theory, originally developed by Romans (1950, 1974) and Blau (1964), seeks to explain human action by a calculus of exchange of material or information resources. In its original formulation, social exchange theory attempted to explain the likelihood of a dyadic relationship based on the supply and dem…
Network Theory and Small Groups
This article describes the network approach to small groups. First, the core constructs that compose social network research are explained. The primary theories that provide the intellectual underpinning of the network approach are described, including theories of self-interest, theories of social exchange or dependency, theories of mutual or collective interest, cognitive theories, and theories of homophily. Highlights of the empirical work exam…
Testing Multitheoretical, Multilevel Hypotheses About Organizational Networks
Network forms of organization, unlike hierarchies or marketplaces, are agile and are constantly adapting as new links are added and dysfunctional ones dropped. We review some of the theoretical and methodological accomplishments and challenges of contemporary research on organizational networks. We then offer an analytic framework that can be used to specify and statistically test simultaneously multilevel, multitheoretical hypotheses about the s…
Coevolution of Communication and Knowledge Networks in Transactive Memory Systems
This study focuses on the initial conditions of work teams and the impacts of these conditions on the development of teams’ transactive memory (TM) systems through computational modeling. TM theory describes the conditions under which team members retrieve and allocate information to accomplish collective tasks. Previous research has shown evidence for teams developing TM systems over time, but field research does not allow for the extensive mani…
Analysis of Social Networks and Group Dynamics from Electronic Communication
Computational Social Science
A field is emerging that leverages the capacity to collect and analyze data at a scale that may reveal patterns of individual and group behaviors.
The Emergence of Multidimensional Networks
Social Network Methodology in the Study of Disasters
Computer Science (50 obras) · Psychology (35 obras) · Social Psychology (24 obras) · Sociology (23 obras) · Complex Network Analysis Techniques (18 obras) · Knowledge management (18 obras) · Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence (16 obras) · Data science (14 obras) · Epistemology (14 obras) · Team Dynamics and Performance (14 obras)