José Luis Luján
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 119644 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | José Luis Luján |
| NOMBRES | José Luis |
| APELLIDO | Luján |
| FIRMA | LUJÁN J L |
| AFILIACIONES | Universitat de les Illes Balears |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8829-0609 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 21 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 13 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1994 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Methodological tensions in risk assessment and benefit assessment
This article analyzes some of the methodological tensions that can be observed in the regulation of science and technology, and that often manifest themselves as controversies. We offer a three-way classification of such tensions. The latter can arise from: 1) external (non-cognitive) factors that are specific to a particular regulation; 2) external (non- cognitive) factors of wider societal importance that are not related to any particular regul…
Evidence‐based policies
In this article, various examples of controversies in regulatory science are analyzed concerning chemical and pharmaceutical products and functional foods. In these controversies, it is possible to show the relationship between epistemic policies and regulatory objectives (decision‐making objectives). From an analysis of this relationship, four points must be noted that can be extrapolated to current evidence‐based policy proposals: (1) The regul…
Análisis crítico y pensamiento
El propósito del presente dosier monográfico es doble. En primer lugar, \nmostrar algunos de los problemas y desarrollos en el contexto de lo que se \nconoce como “pensamiento crítico”, aunque sin hacer un uso restringido \nde esta expresión. Se trata de un ámbito muy amplio, así que lo que presentamos \nen esta compilación es solo una entre los miles de posibilidades. \nAfortunadamente, existe una cantidad ingente de publicaciones recientes \nso…
Rationality in Context
Is there such a thing as a "best scientific methodology" in regulatory (decision-oriented) science? By examining cases from varying regulatory processes, we argue that there is no best scientific method for generating decision-relevant data. In addition, in regulatory science, the most suitable methodologies often differ from what is considered best practice in knowledge-oriented (academic) science. In data generation for regulatory purposes, we …
Constructing consumers
This paper presents an analysis of the underlying assumptions and choices of the European regulatory process for health claims. The latter are scientifically substantiated statements, usually in the form of food labels, regarding the health benefits that a food may confer upon its consumer. We show that the European regulator (the European Food Safety Authority, EFSA) has adopted a particular construction (or definition) of a ‘standard consumer’ …
Standards of evidence and causality in regulatory science
The role of epistemic policies in regulatory science
This paper presents an analysis of the concept of scientific substantiation in European health claims regulation. It focuses on the controversies about the demand for the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between food consumption and health outcomes in claim substantiation. Our analysis, on the basis of regulatory and scientific documents, identifies two opposing views about the aims of health claims regulation. Each of these two st…
Values and Decisions
The relevance of scientific knowledge for science and technology policy and regulation has led to a growing debate about the role of values. This article contributes to the clarification of what specific functions cognitive and noncognitive values adopt in knowledge generation and decisions, and what consequences the operation of values has for policy making and regulation. For our analysis, we differentiate between three different types of decis…
Who is willing to pay for science? On the relationship between public perception of science and the attitude to public funding of science
This article examines the relationship between the general public’s understanding of science and the attitude towards public funding of scientific research. It applies a multivariate and discriminant analysis (Wilks’ Lambda), in addition to a more commonly used bivariate analysis (Cramer’s V), to data compiled from the Third National Survey on the Social Perception of Science and Technology in Spain (FECYT, 2006). The general conclusion is that t…
Precaution
In this paper we propose a typology of three interpretations of the precautionary principle, each with its associated philosophical and policy implications. We found that these different interpretations of precaution are closely related to variations in the understanding of scientific uncertainty, as well as varying ways of assessing possible (but uncertain) impacts of scientific–technological development. There is a direct link to the question o…
Dinámica de los conceptos reguladores
La regulación de ciencia y tecnología recurre a conceptos reguladores, como incertidumbre o precaución, para poder operacionalizar toma de decisiones. En la práctica reguladora, estos conceptos tienen múltiples interpretaciones y funciones dinámicas (generalmente diferentes de los que se les asigna en la legislación). Este trabajo presenta un análisis de algunos de los conceptos reguladores más relevantes, analizando la tensión entre su significa…
The Context(s) of Precaution
This article contributes to the clarification of the concept of precaution and its function in social debate. The authors compare the uses of precaution in science and technology—related conflicts (as indicated by an analysis of media reports on precaution) with data from a survey on precaution and the role of science in decision making. While the survey data confirm the existence of opposing “idealized” or “ideological” conceptualizations of the…
A new social contract for technology? – On the policy dynamics of uncertainty
This paper proposes a typology of two fundamentally opposing conceptualizations of managing technology under uncertainty: ‘technology governability’ and ‘technology selection’. A wide variety of different versions of these idealized conceptualizations can be shown to underlie the controversies about scientific‐technological development. The example of genetic engineering indicates that such points of view are reconstructed over time in different …
Precaution in public
This article presents the results of a study of public perception recently completed in Spain which questioned citizens about their views on the precautionary principle, the role of science in policy making, as well as their level of trust in science. The results show that Spanish citizens, by a significant margin, consider that scientists may be influenced by economic interests, that values play a key role in policy making, and that policy shoul…
Science news and contemporary politic scene
In this article, I analyze several characteristics of science and technology which have studies (STS). These characteristics imply some important conclusions for the infor: science and technology are activities which are dependent, up to a certain point, En este trabajo se analizan varias características que han sido investigadas en el marco de los estudios sobre ciencia y tecnología (CTS). De éstas se extraen conclusiones que son relevantes para…
Perceptions, attitudes and ethical valuations
This paper analyzes the study of the public perception of biotechnology, comparing different studies made on the European and the Spanish national levels. It aims at testing the applicability of these kinds of studies, and describes some of their limits. The analysis shows clear ambivalence in the public response to distinct applications of this technology, pointing out the crucial differences between general moral valuation and attitude towards …
Biological lottery and social solidarity
El cambio tecnológico en las ciencias sociales
En este artículo se analizan y relacionan las principales orientaciones sobre el estudio de la tecnología. La exposición se estructura en base a dos dicotomías: determinismo tecnológico "versus" determinismo sociológico y enfoques descriptivos (economía y sociología) "versus" enfoques prescriptivos (ciencia politica y evaluación). Con el fin de identificar similitudes, diferencias y complementariedades, se revisan las adscripciones disciplinares …
Conflicto social, controversias científicas y debate ético. Sobre el contexto de la bioética
Las implicaciones éticas y sociales de la \nciencia y la tecnología son en nuestros \ndías materia de debate público y objeto \nde investigación por parte de científicos \nsociales y humanistas.? Varios son los \nfactores que han conducido a esta situación. \nPodemos hablar de la aceleración \ndel ritmo del cambio científico y tecnológico, \nde la aparición de la Big Science \nque difumina la tradicional distinción \nentre ciencia básica y tecnol…
Public perception of biotechnology and genetic engineering in Spain
Ciencia y política del riesgo
Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) represent a paradox. On the one hand, they lack clinical meaningfulness, particularly in regard to cancer patients. DRG 403, which includes patients diagnosed than 69 and/or complications or comorbidities, is particularly inadequate as a tool to group together homogeneous patients. On the other hand, the practice of classifying similar patients into clinically meaningful groups represents a potentially valuable ne…
Constructing consumers
This paper presents an analysis of the underlying assumptions and choices of the European regulatory process for health claims. The latter are scientifically substantiated statements, usually in the form of food labels, regarding the health benefits that a food may confer upon its consumer. We show that the European regulator (the European Food Safety Authority, EFSA) has adopted a particular construction (or definition) of a ‘standard consumer’ …
The role of epistemic policies in regulatory science
This paper presents an analysis of the concept of scientific substantiation in European health claims regulation. It focuses on the controversies about the demand for the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between food consumption and health outcomes in claim substantiation. Our analysis, on the basis of regulatory and scientific documents, identifies two opposing views about the aims of health claims regulation. Each of these two st…
Values and Decisions
The relevance of scientific knowledge for science and technology policy and regulation has led to a growing debate about the role of values. This article contributes to the clarification of what specific functions cognitive and noncognitive values adopt in knowledge generation and decisions, and what consequences the operation of values has for policy making and regulation. For our analysis, we differentiate between three different types of decis…
Precaution
In this paper we propose a typology of three interpretations of the precautionary principle, each with its associated philosophical and policy implications. We found that these different interpretations of precaution are closely related to variations in the understanding of scientific uncertainty, as well as varying ways of assessing possible (but uncertain) impacts of scientific–technological development. There is a direct link to the question o…
A new social contract for technology? – On the policy dynamics of uncertainty
This paper proposes a typology of two fundamentally opposing conceptualizations of managing technology under uncertainty: ‘technology governability’ and ‘technology selection’. A wide variety of different versions of these idealized conceptualizations can be shown to underlie the controversies about scientific‐technological development. The example of genetic engineering indicates that such points of view are reconstructed over time in different …
Public perception of biotechnology and genetic engineering in Spain
Biological lottery and social solidarity
Public perception of biotechnology and genetic engineering in Spain
Conflicto social, controversias científicas y debate ético. Sobre el contexto de la bioética
Las implicaciones éticas y sociales de la \nciencia y la tecnología son en nuestros \ndías materia de debate público y objeto \nde investigación por parte de científicos \nsociales y humanistas.? Varios son los \nfactores que han conducido a esta situación. \nPodemos hablar de la aceleración \ndel ritmo del cambio científico y tecnológico, \nde la aparición de la Big Science \nque difumina la tradicional distinción \nentre ciencia básica y tecnol…
Biological lottery and social solidarity
El cambio tecnológico en las ciencias sociales
En este artículo se analizan y relacionan las principales orientaciones sobre el estudio de la tecnología. La exposición se estructura en base a dos dicotomías: determinismo tecnológico "versus" determinismo sociológico y enfoques descriptivos (economía y sociología) "versus" enfoques prescriptivos (ciencia politica y evaluación). Con el fin de identificar similitudes, diferencias y complementariedades, se revisan las adscripciones disciplinares …
Perceptions, attitudes and ethical valuations
This paper analyzes the study of the public perception of biotechnology, comparing different studies made on the European and the Spanish national levels. It aims at testing the applicability of these kinds of studies, and describes some of their limits. The analysis shows clear ambivalence in the public response to distinct applications of this technology, pointing out the crucial differences between general moral valuation and attitude towards …
Science news and contemporary politic scene
In this article, I analyze several characteristics of science and technology which have studies (STS). These characteristics imply some important conclusions for the infor: science and technology are activities which are dependent, up to a certain point, En este trabajo se analizan varias características que han sido investigadas en el marco de los estudios sobre ciencia y tecnología (CTS). De éstas se extraen conclusiones que son relevantes para…
Precaution in public
This article presents the results of a study of public perception recently completed in Spain which questioned citizens about their views on the precautionary principle, the role of science in policy making, as well as their level of trust in science. The results show that Spanish citizens, by a significant margin, consider that scientists may be influenced by economic interests, that values play a key role in policy making, and that policy shoul…
A new social contract for technology? – On the policy dynamics of uncertainty
This paper proposes a typology of two fundamentally opposing conceptualizations of managing technology under uncertainty: ‘technology governability’ and ‘technology selection’. A wide variety of different versions of these idealized conceptualizations can be shown to underlie the controversies about scientific‐technological development. The example of genetic engineering indicates that such points of view are reconstructed over time in different …
The Context(s) of Precaution
This article contributes to the clarification of the concept of precaution and its function in social debate. The authors compare the uses of precaution in science and technology—related conflicts (as indicated by an analysis of media reports on precaution) with data from a survey on precaution and the role of science in decision making. While the survey data confirm the existence of opposing “idealized” or “ideological” conceptualizations of the…
Dinámica de los conceptos reguladores
La regulación de ciencia y tecnología recurre a conceptos reguladores, como incertidumbre o precaución, para poder operacionalizar toma de decisiones. En la práctica reguladora, estos conceptos tienen múltiples interpretaciones y funciones dinámicas (generalmente diferentes de los que se les asigna en la legislación). Este trabajo presenta un análisis de algunos de los conceptos reguladores más relevantes, analizando la tensión entre su significa…
Who is willing to pay for science? On the relationship between public perception of science and the attitude to public funding of science
This article examines the relationship between the general public’s understanding of science and the attitude towards public funding of scientific research. It applies a multivariate and discriminant analysis (Wilks’ Lambda), in addition to a more commonly used bivariate analysis (Cramer’s V), to data compiled from the Third National Survey on the Social Perception of Science and Technology in Spain (FECYT, 2006). The general conclusion is that t…
Precaution
In this paper we propose a typology of three interpretations of the precautionary principle, each with its associated philosophical and policy implications. We found that these different interpretations of precaution are closely related to variations in the understanding of scientific uncertainty, as well as varying ways of assessing possible (but uncertain) impacts of scientific–technological development. There is a direct link to the question o…
Values and Decisions
The relevance of scientific knowledge for science and technology policy and regulation has led to a growing debate about the role of values. This article contributes to the clarification of what specific functions cognitive and noncognitive values adopt in knowledge generation and decisions, and what consequences the operation of values has for policy making and regulation. For our analysis, we differentiate between three different types of decis…
The role of epistemic policies in regulatory science
This paper presents an analysis of the concept of scientific substantiation in European health claims regulation. It focuses on the controversies about the demand for the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between food consumption and health outcomes in claim substantiation. Our analysis, on the basis of regulatory and scientific documents, identifies two opposing views about the aims of health claims regulation. Each of these two st…
Standards of evidence and causality in regulatory science
Constructing consumers
This paper presents an analysis of the underlying assumptions and choices of the European regulatory process for health claims. The latter are scientifically substantiated statements, usually in the form of food labels, regarding the health benefits that a food may confer upon its consumer. We show that the European regulator (the European Food Safety Authority, EFSA) has adopted a particular construction (or definition) of a ‘standard consumer’ …
Análisis crítico y pensamiento
El propósito del presente dosier monográfico es doble. En primer lugar, \nmostrar algunos de los problemas y desarrollos en el contexto de lo que se \nconoce como “pensamiento crítico”, aunque sin hacer un uso restringido \nde esta expresión. Se trata de un ámbito muy amplio, así que lo que presentamos \nen esta compilación es solo una entre los miles de posibilidades. \nAfortunadamente, existe una cantidad ingente de publicaciones recientes \nso…
Rationality in Context
Is there such a thing as a "best scientific methodology" in regulatory (decision-oriented) science? By examining cases from varying regulatory processes, we argue that there is no best scientific method for generating decision-relevant data. In addition, in regulatory science, the most suitable methodologies often differ from what is considered best practice in knowledge-oriented (academic) science. In data generation for regulatory purposes, we …
Evidence‐based policies
In this article, various examples of controversies in regulatory science are analyzed concerning chemical and pharmaceutical products and functional foods. In these controversies, it is possible to show the relationship between epistemic policies and regulatory objectives (decision‐making objectives). From an analysis of this relationship, four points must be noted that can be extrapolated to current evidence‐based policy proposals: (1) The regul…
Ciencia y política del riesgo
Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) represent a paradox. On the one hand, they lack clinical meaningfulness, particularly in regard to cancer patients. DRG 403, which includes patients diagnosed than 69 and/or complications or comorbidities, is particularly inadequate as a tool to group together homogeneous patients. On the other hand, the practice of classifying similar patients into clinically meaningful groups represents a potentially valuable ne…
Methodological tensions in risk assessment and benefit assessment
This article analyzes some of the methodological tensions that can be observed in the regulation of science and technology, and that often manifest themselves as controversies. We offer a three-way classification of such tensions. The latter can arise from: 1) external (non-cognitive) factors that are specific to a particular regulation; 2) external (non- cognitive) factors of wider societal importance that are not related to any particular regul…
Political science (15 obras) · Sociology (12 obras) · Law (10 obras) · Economics (9 obras) · Computer Science (7 obras) · Philosophy (7 obras) · Psychology (7 obras) · Climate Change Communication and Perception (6 obras) · Epistemology (6 obras) · Politics (6 obras)