Maryse Kok
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1210158 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Maryse Kok |
| NOMBRES | Maryse |
| APELLIDO | Kok |
| FIRMA | KOK M |
| AFILIACIONES | Royal Tropical Institute |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0889-8663 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 30 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 12 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 30 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2015 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Towards More Helpful and Satisfactory Sexuality Education
Drivers of child marriage in Eastern and Western provinces in Zambia and effective preventive interventions
Background Zambia has one of the highest child marriage rates in the world. Drivers of child marriage are multifaceted, complex and interrelated, firmly embedded in the social and cultural context. This study explored why, despite lower poverty and equal teenage pregnancy levels, child marriage is more prevalent in Eastern than in Western province in Zambia; and what are potential effective preventive interventions. This knowledge is vital for in…
Whose crisis is it? Local experiences and health governance in the era of polycrisis
The concept of polycrisis has gained traction to describe the interconnected shocks—pandemics, climate-related disasters, conflict and economic instability—shaping global risk. Yet for many communities in low-income settings, such entanglements are not new but reflect long-standing conditions of permacrisis. We advance a situated perspective that examines how global shocks intersect with pre-existing local vulnerabilities, drawing on examples fro…
Costs and cost-effectiveness of community health worker programs on reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health in low- and middle-income countries (2015–2024)
Community Health Workers (CHWs) are vital in delivering primary health care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To inform their broader rollout, this study updates a 2015 review, critically examining the costs, cost-effectiveness and affordability of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) CHW programs in LMICs. A scoping review was conducted using ten databases and grey literature, covering studies published between Aug…
Costs and cost-effectiveness of community health worker programmes focussed on non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries (2015–2024)
BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide, responsible for 7 out of 10 deaths, 86% occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). As the NCD burden on health systems increases, community health workers (CHWs) have become increasingly involved in NCD care provision and management. This study updates a 2015 review to synthesise and critically analyse the recent evidence base on the c…
Costs and cost-effectiveness of integrated horizontal community health worker programmes in low- and middle-income countries (2015–2024)
BACKGROUND: Community health workers (CHWs) play a vital role in delivering primary health care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), addressing multiple diseases through horizontal programmes. Despite their effectiveness, there is a US$4.4 billion annual funding gap for professional CHW programmes. Some countries have adopted these programmes, while others require stronger economic evidence to justify investments. This study updates a 201…
Economic evaluations of community health worker programs focussed on neglected tropical diseases in low- and middle-income countries (2015–2024)
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of more than twenty diseases caused by parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections, affecting more than one billion individuals worldwide. Economic evidence can help guide the investment in Community Health Workers (CHWs) who can help expand access to preventive and curative NTD services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A scoping review was conducted across ten databases and grey l…
Comparing apples with apples
This paper proposes a taxonomy for Community Health Workers (CHWs) and others engaged in front-line community health activities, encompassing formally-employed workers extending government primary health care (PHC) service delivery as well as a range of other actors with roles at the nexus of government PHC and communities. The taxonomy is grounded in current definitions from the World Health Organization and the International Labor Organization,…
Costs and cost-effectiveness of community health worker programs focussed on HIV, TB and malaria infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries (2015–2024)
Infectious diseases remain a significant public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with HIV, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Community Health Workers (CHWs) play a pivotal role in addressing these diseases, yet evidence on the costs and cost-effectiveness of CHW-led interventions remains fragmented. We performed a scoping review, searching ten databases and the grey …
Intersecting injustices
Sudan is the only country in North Africa that is yet to reform its family law embodied by the Personal Status Act for Muslims of 1991. This law legalises child marriage, contradicts the National Child Act of 2010 that outlaws child marriage. This study aimed to understand how the pluralistic legal system in Sudan affects the occurrence and circumstances of child marriage in Kassala State in the context of the current war, to inform future advoca…
From Perform to Perform2Scale
Strengthening management and leadership competencies among district and local health managers has emerged as a common approach for health systems strengthening and to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC). While the literature is rich with localized examples of initiatives that aim to strengthen the capacity of district or local health managers, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, considerably less attention is paid to the science of ‘how’ to s…
Community bylaws concerning sexual and reproductive health and rights in Machinga District, Malawi
The study revealed that community bylaws were accepted but not owned by young people, and had different effects on the rich versus the poor, and girls versus young men. Bylaws were associated with punishment in terms of money, which seemed to overpower their potential to promote rights and address social norms underlying SRHR issues of the youth
Drivers of child marriage in specific settings of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia – findings from the Yes I Do! baseline study
Multiple intersecting drivers, which were present in different degrees in each country setting, influenced the occurrence of child marriage. We found that child marriage is a manifestation of social norms, particularly related to girls' sexuality, which are intersecting with other factors at individual, social, material, and institutional level - most prominently poverty or economic constraints. Child marriage was, in some cases, a result of girl…
What makes a woman? Understanding the reasons for and circumstances of female genital mutilation/cutting in Indonesia, Ethiopia and Kenya
This study presents the reasons for, and circumstances of, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in Indonesia, Ethiopia and Kenya. Data were collected in 2016 and 2017 by means of a household survey conducted with young people (15-24 years) and through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and key informant interviews with youth and community stakeholders. The study findings confirm previously documented reasons for FGM/C, noting that …
Young people’s choice and voice concerning sex and relationships
Young people's SRHR remains a challenge in Uganda in the context of a conservative political and religious environment that reinforces social and gender norms around youth and young women's sexuality. The limited effect of the programme on increasing young people's voice and choice concerning relationships in Uganda can be understood in the context of a ban on comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) and the COVID-19 pandemic. These structural and…
Being dragged into adulthood? Young people’s agency concerning sex, relationships and marriage in Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia
This study aimed to explore how young people exercise agency in rural Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia in relation to sex, relationships and marriage, to inform local programmes aiming to prevent teenage pregnancy and child marriage. In each country, focus group discussions with young people and parents, in-depth interviews with young people and a variety of other participants, and a household survey with young people (15-24 years) were conducted. W…
An exploratory study of the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of community health worker programmes in conflict-affected South Sudan
Despite their challenges, CHW programmes can be implemented in conflict-affected South Sudan if the local human capital is leveraged and engaged by NGOs as implementing partners. Robust coordination efforts are required to build synergies among stakeholders for the effective implementation of the BHI strategy
How district health decision-making is shaped within decentralised contexts
District Health Management Teams (DHMTs) are often entry points for the implementation of health interventions. Insight into decision-making and power relationships at district level could assist DHMTs to make better use of their decision space. This study explored how district-level health system decision-making is shaped by power dynamics in different decentralised contexts in Ghana, Malawi and Uganda. In-depth interviews took place with nation…
Factors influencing the scale-up of public health interventions in low- and middle-income countries
To achieve universal health coverage, the scale-up of high impact public health interventions is essential. However, scale-up is challenging and often not successful. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to provide insights into the factors influencing the scale-up of public health interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Two databases were searched for studies with a qualitative research component. The GRADE-CERQual app…
Health policy and system support to optimise community health worker programmes
Optimising community health worker (CHW) programmes requires evidence-based policies on their education, deployment, and management. This guideline aims to inform efforts by planners, policy makers, and managers to improve CHW programmes as part of an integrated approach to strengthen primary health care and health systems. The development of this guideline followed the standard WHO approach to developing global guidelines. We conducted one overv…
Making a Case for the Critical Examination of Assignments of Responsibilities in the Reproductive Realm
Drawing on interviews with purposefully selected informants ( n = 44) and on focus group discussions ( n = 5), this article critically examines and reflects upon the gendered assignments of responsibilities in the reproductive realm, in the context of South Sudan. Through this examination, it provides insight into the social practices of assigning and apportioning responsibilities in the reproductive realm; it exposes the nature of social relatio…
How do gender relations affect the working lives of close to community health service providers? Empirical research, a review and conceptual framework
Close-to-community (CTC) providers have been identified as a key cadre to progress universal health coverage and address inequities in health service provision due to their embedded position within communities. CTC providers both work within, and are subject to, the gender norms at community level but may also have the potential to alter them. This paper synthesises current evidence on gender and CTC providers and the services they deliver. This …
Does supportive supervision enhance community health worker motivation? A mixed-methods study in four African countries
Supportive supervision is an important element of community health worker (CHW) programmes and is believed to improve CHW motivation and performance. A group supervision intervention, which included training and mentorship of supervisors, was implemented in Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique. In three of the countries, this was combined with individual and/or peer supervision. A mixed-methods implementation study was conducted to assess the e…
Gender relations and women's reproductive health in South Sudan
BACKGROUND: In South Sudan, women disproportionately bear the burden of morbidity and mortality related to sexual and reproductive health, with a maternal mortality ratio of 789 deaths per 100,000 live births. DESIGN: A qualitative study was conducted to analyze how gendered social relations among the Fertit people affect women's ability to exercise control over their reproductive lives and thereby their sexual and reproductive health. Transcript…
Optimising the benefits of community health workers’ unique position between communities and the health sector
Community health workers (CHWs) have a unique position between communities and the health sector. The strength of CHWs' relationships with both sides influences their motivation and performance. This qualitative comparative study aimed at understanding similarities and differences in how relationships between CHWs, communities and the health sector were shaped in different Sub-Saharan African settings. The study demonstrates a complex interplay o…
Limits and opportunities to community health worker empowerment
While increasingly the onus is on CHWs and CHW programs to solve the problem of health access, attention should be given to the experiences of CHWs themselves. CHW programs need to move beyond an instrumentalist approach to CHWs, and take a developmental and empowerment perspective when engaging with CHWs. CHW programs should systematically identify disempowering organisational arrangements and take steps to remedy these. Doing so will not only i…
Does supportive supervision enhance community health worker motivation? A mixed-methods study in four African countries
Supportive supervision is an important element of community health worker (CHW) programmes and is believed to improve CHW motivation and performance. A group supervision intervention, which included training and mentorship of supervisors, was implemented in Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique. In three of the countries, this was combined with individual and/or peer supervision. A mixed-methods implementation study was conducted to assess the e…
Costs and cost-effectiveness of community health workers
OBJECTIVE: This study sought to synthesize and critically review evidence on costs and cost-effectiveness of community health worker (CHW) programmes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to inform policy dialogue around their role in health systems. METHODS: From a larger systematic review on effectiveness and factors influencing performance of close-to-community providers, complemented by a supplementary search in PubMed, we did an explor…
How does context influence performance of community health workers in low- and middle-income countries? Evidence from the literature
BACKGROUND: Community health workers (CHWs) are increasingly recognized as an integral component of the health workforce needed to achieve public health goals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many factors intersect to influence CHW performance. A systematic review with a narrative analysis was conducted to identify contextual factors influencing performance of CHWs. METHODS: We searched six databases for quantitative, qualitative, and…
Which intervention design factors influence performance of community health workers in low- and middle-income countries? A systematic review
Gender relations and women's reproductive health in South Sudan
BACKGROUND: In South Sudan, women disproportionately bear the burden of morbidity and mortality related to sexual and reproductive health, with a maternal mortality ratio of 789 deaths per 100,000 live births. DESIGN: A qualitative study was conducted to analyze how gendered social relations among the Fertit people affect women's ability to exercise control over their reproductive lives and thereby their sexual and reproductive health. Transcript…
Optimising the benefits of community health workers’ unique position between communities and the health sector
Community health workers (CHWs) have a unique position between communities and the health sector. The strength of CHWs' relationships with both sides influences their motivation and performance. This qualitative comparative study aimed at understanding similarities and differences in how relationships between CHWs, communities and the health sector were shaped in different Sub-Saharan African settings. The study demonstrates a complex interplay o…
Social norms and family planning decisions in South Sudan
The sexual and reproductive health programmes in WBeG should work with and leverage existing and emerging social norms on spacing in their health promotion activities. Campaigns should focus on promoting a family ideal in which children become the object of parental investment, rather than labour to till the land - instead of focusing directly or solely on reducing family size. The conditions are right in WBeG and in South Sudan for public health…
Limits and opportunities to community health worker empowerment
While increasingly the onus is on CHWs and CHW programs to solve the problem of health access, attention should be given to the experiences of CHWs themselves. CHW programs need to move beyond an instrumentalist approach to CHWs, and take a developmental and empowerment perspective when engaging with CHWs. CHW programs should systematically identify disempowering organisational arrangements and take steps to remedy these. Doing so will not only i…
Health policy and system support to optimise community health worker programmes
Optimising community health worker (CHW) programmes requires evidence-based policies on their education, deployment, and management. This guideline aims to inform efforts by planners, policy makers, and managers to improve CHW programmes as part of an integrated approach to strengthen primary health care and health systems. The development of this guideline followed the standard WHO approach to developing global guidelines. We conducted one overv…
Making a Case for the Critical Examination of Assignments of Responsibilities in the Reproductive Realm
Drawing on interviews with purposefully selected informants ( n = 44) and on focus group discussions ( n = 5), this article critically examines and reflects upon the gendered assignments of responsibilities in the reproductive realm, in the context of South Sudan. Through this examination, it provides insight into the social practices of assigning and apportioning responsibilities in the reproductive realm; it exposes the nature of social relatio…
How do gender relations affect the working lives of close to community health service providers? Empirical research, a review and conceptual framework
Close-to-community (CTC) providers have been identified as a key cadre to progress universal health coverage and address inequities in health service provision due to their embedded position within communities. CTC providers both work within, and are subject to, the gender norms at community level but may also have the potential to alter them. This paper synthesises current evidence on gender and CTC providers and the services they deliver. This …
Does supportive supervision enhance community health worker motivation? A mixed-methods study in four African countries
Supportive supervision is an important element of community health worker (CHW) programmes and is believed to improve CHW motivation and performance. A group supervision intervention, which included training and mentorship of supervisors, was implemented in Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique. In three of the countries, this was combined with individual and/or peer supervision. A mixed-methods implementation study was conducted to assess the e…
How district health decision-making is shaped within decentralised contexts
District Health Management Teams (DHMTs) are often entry points for the implementation of health interventions. Insight into decision-making and power relationships at district level could assist DHMTs to make better use of their decision space. This study explored how district-level health system decision-making is shaped by power dynamics in different decentralised contexts in Ghana, Malawi and Uganda. In-depth interviews took place with nation…
Factors influencing the scale-up of public health interventions in low- and middle-income countries
To achieve universal health coverage, the scale-up of high impact public health interventions is essential. However, scale-up is challenging and often not successful. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to provide insights into the factors influencing the scale-up of public health interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Two databases were searched for studies with a qualitative research component. The GRADE-CERQual app…
An exploratory study of the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of community health worker programmes in conflict-affected South Sudan
Despite their challenges, CHW programmes can be implemented in conflict-affected South Sudan if the local human capital is leveraged and engaged by NGOs as implementing partners. Robust coordination efforts are required to build synergies among stakeholders for the effective implementation of the BHI strategy
Young people’s choice and voice concerning sex and relationships
Young people's SRHR remains a challenge in Uganda in the context of a conservative political and religious environment that reinforces social and gender norms around youth and young women's sexuality. The limited effect of the programme on increasing young people's voice and choice concerning relationships in Uganda can be understood in the context of a ban on comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) and the COVID-19 pandemic. These structural and…
Being dragged into adulthood? Young people’s agency concerning sex, relationships and marriage in Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia
This study aimed to explore how young people exercise agency in rural Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia in relation to sex, relationships and marriage, to inform local programmes aiming to prevent teenage pregnancy and child marriage. In each country, focus group discussions with young people and parents, in-depth interviews with young people and a variety of other participants, and a household survey with young people (15-24 years) were conducted. W…
Community bylaws concerning sexual and reproductive health and rights in Machinga District, Malawi
The study revealed that community bylaws were accepted but not owned by young people, and had different effects on the rich versus the poor, and girls versus young men. Bylaws were associated with punishment in terms of money, which seemed to overpower their potential to promote rights and address social norms underlying SRHR issues of the youth
Drivers of child marriage in specific settings of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia – findings from the Yes I Do! baseline study
Multiple intersecting drivers, which were present in different degrees in each country setting, influenced the occurrence of child marriage. We found that child marriage is a manifestation of social norms, particularly related to girls' sexuality, which are intersecting with other factors at individual, social, material, and institutional level - most prominently poverty or economic constraints. Child marriage was, in some cases, a result of girl…
What makes a woman? Understanding the reasons for and circumstances of female genital mutilation/cutting in Indonesia, Ethiopia and Kenya
This study presents the reasons for, and circumstances of, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in Indonesia, Ethiopia and Kenya. Data were collected in 2016 and 2017 by means of a household survey conducted with young people (15-24 years) and through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and key informant interviews with youth and community stakeholders. The study findings confirm previously documented reasons for FGM/C, noting that …
From Perform to Perform2Scale
Strengthening management and leadership competencies among district and local health managers has emerged as a common approach for health systems strengthening and to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC). While the literature is rich with localized examples of initiatives that aim to strengthen the capacity of district or local health managers, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, considerably less attention is paid to the science of ‘how’ to s…
Costs and cost-effectiveness of community health worker programmes focussed on non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries (2015–2024)
BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide, responsible for 7 out of 10 deaths, 86% occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). As the NCD burden on health systems increases, community health workers (CHWs) have become increasingly involved in NCD care provision and management. This study updates a 2015 review to synthesise and critically analyse the recent evidence base on the c…
Costs and cost-effectiveness of integrated horizontal community health worker programmes in low- and middle-income countries (2015–2024)
BACKGROUND: Community health workers (CHWs) play a vital role in delivering primary health care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), addressing multiple diseases through horizontal programmes. Despite their effectiveness, there is a US$4.4 billion annual funding gap for professional CHW programmes. Some countries have adopted these programmes, while others require stronger economic evidence to justify investments. This study updates a 201…
Economic evaluations of community health worker programs focussed on neglected tropical diseases in low- and middle-income countries (2015–2024)
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of more than twenty diseases caused by parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections, affecting more than one billion individuals worldwide. Economic evidence can help guide the investment in Community Health Workers (CHWs) who can help expand access to preventive and curative NTD services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A scoping review was conducted across ten databases and grey l…
Comparing apples with apples
This paper proposes a taxonomy for Community Health Workers (CHWs) and others engaged in front-line community health activities, encompassing formally-employed workers extending government primary health care (PHC) service delivery as well as a range of other actors with roles at the nexus of government PHC and communities. The taxonomy is grounded in current definitions from the World Health Organization and the International Labor Organization,…
Costs and cost-effectiveness of community health worker programs focussed on HIV, TB and malaria infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries (2015–2024)
Infectious diseases remain a significant public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with HIV, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Community Health Workers (CHWs) play a pivotal role in addressing these diseases, yet evidence on the costs and cost-effectiveness of CHW-led interventions remains fragmented. We performed a scoping review, searching ten databases and the grey …
Global Maternal and Child Health (24 obras) · Medicine (15 obras) · Political science (15 obras) · Nursing (14 obras) · Public health (14 obras) · Sociology (14 obras) · Economic growth (13 obras) · Environmental health (11 obras) · Population (11 obras) · Psychological intervention (10 obras)