R Nicholas Carleton
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1264196 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | R Nicholas Carleton |
| NOMBRES | R Nicholas |
| APELLIDO | Carleton |
| FIRMA | CARLETON R N |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Regina |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6083-8935 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 70 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 45 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 70 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2007 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
“It’s all Just Part of the Job”
Putative risk and resilience factors for predicting mental health among Royal Canadian Mounted Police after the first year of service
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) cadets complete the Cadet Training Program with lower putative risk and greater self-perceived resilience than young adults in the general population, implicating occupational stressors as possible risk factors for mental health disorders in RCMP officers. The current study assessed for changes in putative risk and resilience factors among RCMP officers after their first year of service (i.e. from pre-deployme…
Mental health of Royal Canadian Mounted Police after the first year of service
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) frequently report symptoms consistent with positive screens for one or more mental health disorders (65%), but RCMP cadets evidence a much lower prevalence (7.3%) prior to deployment. The differences in mental health between cadets and experienced RCMP implicates mental health challenges to be related to service experiences; however, less is known about how mental health changes during the first year of servic…
Provincial correctional workers in Ontario
Despite growing attention to the diverse mental health challenges within correctional work, minimal research has focused on the experiences of institutional managers and leaders. The current study analyzed survey responses from institutional managers and leaders in Ontario, Canada ( n = 97), focusing on mental health disorder prevalence, stress exposures, and support seeking practices. Results indicated a high prevalence of mental health disorder…
Understanding and addressing sexual- and gender-based harassment and discrimination among Royal Canadian Mounted Police
The current study sought to examine experiences of gender- and sexual-based harassment and discrimination within the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), and what changes, if any, RCMP think are needed to address these issues within the organization. A representative sample of serving RCMP (n = 870; 72.6% men; 83.6% White) answered an open-ended survey question examining participants’ perspectives of how the RCMP can work to eliminate harassment…
Screening positively for PTSD
Aligning with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, text revision diagnostic criteria, removal of each cluster increased positive PTSD screens in the general population ( p s < .01), suggesting PSP may be strictly limited by avoidance items due to service requirements. Results indicated ∼2% (∼100,000 PSP across Canada, the United States, and Australia) may be currently experiencing symptoms of PTSD, but not screeni…
Exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events
We discuss our results in the context of correctional worker wellness and conclude with recommendations for policies to address mental health treatment and resource gaps in correctional services. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)
PeerOnCall
Public safety personnel (PSP), including correctional workers, firefighters, paramedics, police, and public safety communicators, are at increased risk for posttraumatic stress injury, yet face barriers in receiving timely support. Mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) offer promising avenues for confidential, on-demand access to relevant information and support. The purpose of this study was to assess implementation of PeerOnCall , a new m…
Physical and psychological challenges faced by military, medical and public safety personnel relief workers supporting natural disaster operations
Natural disasters, including floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes, result in devastating consequences at the individual and community levels. To date, much of the research reflecting the consequences of natural disasters focuses heavily on victims, with little attention paid to the personnel responding to such disasters. We conducted a systematic review of the challenges faced by military, medical and public safety personnel supporting natural dis…
Canadian Provincial and Territorial Correctional Worker Mental Health and Well-Being Study (CWMH)
Previous research assessing correctional worker (CW) mental health has seldom assessed for differences based on jurisdiction or diverse occupational categories. The current study was designed to provide a nuanced quantitative examination of mental health disorder prevalence and related problems among CWs and to qualitatively explore the varying social contexts surrounding CW well-being. We reflect on how we overcame unanticipated challenges and d…
Mental health disorder symptoms among serving Royal Canadian Mounted Police
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) experience extraordinary exposures to diverse occupational stressors, potentially exacerbated by systemic stressors (e.g., public calls for pervasive organizational changes, the COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters). The current study was designed to assess the mental health of currently serving RCMP (n = 1348) who completed an online survey from June 2022 to February 2023. The positive screening prevalenc…
Sexual victimization among Royal Canadian Mounted Police
RCMP cadets appear to be sexually assaulted and sexually harassed less frequently than Canadian university and military college students, whereas RCMP appear to be sexually assaulted more often while on duty than Canadian men and women in the general population while at work; however, direct comparisons are problematic because of differing frames for questions and time spans. The current results help quantify sexual victimization among RCMP, whic…
Exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events among Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Increased PPTE exposures reported by current participants compared to a previous sample of RCMP, coupled with the observed associations between PPTE exposures and mental health disorders, highlights the need for further resources and support for RCMP to mitigate and manage the impact of PPTEs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)
Trouble with the curve
The creation of highly individualized, population-based mental health injury programs has been limited by an incomplete understanding of the causal relationships between protective factors and mental health. Disproportionate rates of disengagement from persons who screen positive for mental health disorders further compounds the difficulty in understanding the relationships between training programs and mental health. The current results suggest …
Perspectives and Experiences of Public Safety Personnel Engaged in a Peer-Led Workplace Reintegration Program Post Critical Incident or Operational Stress Injury
By addressing workplace reintegration through innovation and research, future initiatives and RP iterations can provide the best possible service and support to PSP and their communities
Provincial and territorial correctional service workers
Canadian correctional workers (CWs) experience substantial challenges with mental health, but prevalence estimates have been limited across provincial and territorial services. Participating CWs from all 13 provincial and territorial services (n = 3740) self-selected to complete an online mental health and well-being survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics and symptoms of several mental disorders. Participants worked as correctional off…
Towards a Holistic Model of Care for Moral Injury
Police members can be exposed to morally transgressive events with potential for lasting psychosocial and spiritual harm. Through interviews with police members and police chaplains across Australia and New Zealand, this qualitative study explores the current role that police chaplains play in supporting members exposed to morally transgressive events. The availability of chaplains across police services and the close alignment between the suppor…
Exposures to correctional-specific potentially psychologically traumatic events among Ontario provincial correctional workers
Eliminating PPTE exposures is unlikely in the correctional environment; nevertheless, the results indicate that mitigating PPTEs may drastically improve the mental health of correctional workers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
Factor structure and factorial invariance of the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 in public safety personnel
The current study is the first to use a large and diverse PSP sample to assess PCL-5 factorial invariance. The results support the PCL-5 as invariant across PSP sectors, age groups, and men and women. Consistent with other studies, the seven-factor hybrid model of PTSD produced the best fit, followed closely by the six-factor anhedonia model. Future research could use structured clinical interviews to further investigate the factorial structure a…
Collapsing into Darkness”
The development, implementation, and exploration of innovative policies, procedures, and initiatives to bridge the gap from clinical interventions to workplace reintegration are needed for nurses experiencing OSI. Further research is also needed regarding mental health impacts and appropriate resources to support nurses in their workplace reintegration process after experiencing psychological and/or physical injury
Pervasive Uncertainty under Threat
Exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events for correctional workers is high. However, the mechanisms driving the high prevalence are relatively unexplained. Using data from a cross-sectional, online survey of correctional service workers ( n = 845) in Ontario, Canada, collected in 2017–2018, we assess the prevalence of mental disorders with a specific focus on uncertainty in the workplace and between correctional roles. We find that…
Moral Injury, Chaplaincy and Mental Health Provider Approaches to Treatment
The aim of this research was to describe the evidence examining the approaches taken by mental health providers (MHPs) and chaplains to address symptoms related to moral injury (MI) or exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). This research also considers the implications for a holistic approach to address symptoms related to MI that combines mental health and chaplaincy work. A scoping review of literature was conducted using Med…
Assessing the impact of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) protocol and Emotional Resilience Skills Training (ERST) among diverse public safety personnel
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05530642. Registered 1 September 2022-Retrospectively registered. The subsequent PSP PTSI Study results are expected to benefit the mental health of all participants and, ultimately, all PSP
Longitudinal study of Canadian correctional workers' wellbeing, organizations, roles and knowledge (CCWORK)
Prevalence of positive screens for current mental health disorders in CORs appears lower than for the general population, and significantly lower than for serving correctional officers. The current results suggest an important causal relationship may exist between correctional work and detrimental mental health outcomes. Maintaining the mental health of correctional officers may require institutionally-supported proactive and responsive multimoda…
It Is Difficult to Always Be an Antagonist”
Nurses are exposed to PPTEs at work, but little is known about factors that can aggravate PPTE exposure in the field, impact the mental wellness of nurses, and even shape patient care. We discuss the implications of PPTE involving moral, professional, and ethical dilemmas (i.e., potentially morally injurious events), and provide recommendations for nursing policy and practice
Subjective relative deprivation is associated with poorer physical and mental health
Playing the system
There are growing concerns about the impact of public safety work on the mental health of public safety personnel; as such, we explored systemic and individual factors that might dissuade public safety personnel from seeking care. Public safety personnel barriers to care-seeking include the stigma associated with mental disorders and frequent reports of insufficient access to care. To better understand barriers to care-seeking, we thematically an…
Provincial and territorial correctional service workers
Canadian correctional workers (CWs) experience substantial challenges with mental health, but prevalence estimates have been limited across provincial and territorial services. Participating CWs from all 13 provincial and territorial services (n = 3740) self-selected to complete an online mental health and well-being survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics and symptoms of several mental disorders. Participants worked as correctional off…
Assessing the Efficacy of a Cultural and Artistic Intervention for Indigenous Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence
nato' we ho win is a trauma-and-violence-informed artistic and cultural intervention for Indigenous women who have experienced intimate partner violence. The results of this study provide evidence that engagement in nato' we ho win had a positive impact on participants' well-being. Participants completed self-report questionnaires at intake, post-intervention, and at one-year follow-up. Multilevel modeling analyses assessed for within-participant…
Fearing the unknown
Terrifying movie stimuli
Tonic immobility does not uniquely predict posttraumatic stress symptom severity
Tonic immobility (TI) is an involuntary state of temporary motor inhibition believed to occur in response to events that provoke extreme fear and the perception of inescapability. Human TI has been documented in a range of traumatic events and several researchers have reported associations between TI and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS); however, it remains unclear if TI is a unique predictor of PTSS. This study was designed to determine whet…
Metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression by A. Wells
Increasingly certain about uncertainty
The intolerance of uncertainty construct in the context of anxiety disorders
Modern anxiety disorder models implicitly include intolerance of uncertainty (IU) as a critical component for the development and maintenance of these pervasive social and economic concerns. IU represents, at its core, fear of the unknown - a long-recognized, deep-seated fear identified in normative and pathological samples. Indeed, the intrinsic nature of IU can be argued as evolutionarily supported, a notion buttressed by initial biophysiologic…
Miedo a caer. El taijiquan como forma de terapia de exposición gradual en vivo
Falls in the elderly can cause injuries that lead to loss of independence. Loss of postural sway, balance, and slower reaction times are strong predictors of falling (Lajoie & Gallagher, 2004). Traditional exercise programs focus on studying and treating these factors (Tideiksaar, 1997); however, fear of falling – another strong predictor of falls – has received relatively little attention in the treatment literature (Maki et al., 1991). There ar…
Startle response and anxiety sensitivity
There is a well-established and clinically meaningful relation between the cognitive-affective-based construct of anxiety sensitivity (AS) and risk for the development and maintenance of anxiety psychopathology (B. J. Cox, Fuentes, Borger, & Taylor, 2001). Research findings within this area have revealed mixed results; however, there is evidence to suggest that some individuals with anxiety disorder diagnoses may demonstrate enhanced subcortical …
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
BACKGROUND: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) is a commonly used freely available self-report measure of depressive symptoms. Despite its popularity, several recent investigations have called into question the robustness and suitability of the commonly used 4-factor 20-item CES-D model. The goal of the current study was to address these concerns by confirming the factorial validity of the CES-D. METHODS …
PTSD personality subtypes in women exposed to intimate-partner violence
There is considerable research implicating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a common reaction to intimate-partner violence (IPV; Golding, 1999). PTSD is categorized as a single disorder; however, there is significant heterogeneity in its symptom-presentation patterns (Dickstein, Suvak, Litz, & Adler, 2010). Researchers have posited underlying personality characteristics as potentiating different expressions of PTSD (Miller, Greif, & Smith,…
Subjective relative deprivation is associated with poorer physical and mental health
Into the unknown
The current review and synthesis serves to define and contextualize fear of the unknown relative to related constructs, such as intolerance of uncertainty, and contemporary models of emotion, attachment, and neuroticism. The contemporary models appear to share a common core in underscoring the importance of responses to unknowns. A recent surge in published research has explored the transdiagnostic impact of not knowing on anxiety and related pat…
Fear of the unknown
The current review and synthesis was designed to provocatively develop and evaluate the proposition that "fear of the unknown may be a, or possibly the, fundamental fear" (Carleton, 2016) underlying anxiety and therein neuroticism. Identifying fundamental transdiagnostic elements is a priority for clinical theory and practice. Historical criteria for identifying fundamental components of anxiety are described and revised criteria are offered. The…
Mental Disorder Symptoms among Public Safety Personnel in Canada
BACKGROUND: Canadian public safety personnel (PSP; e.g., correctional workers, dispatchers, firefighters, paramedics, police officers) are exposed to potentially traumatic events as a function of their work. Such exposures contribute to the risk of developing clinically significant symptoms related to mental disorders. The current study was designed to provide estimates of mental disorder symptom frequencies and severities for Canadian PSP. METHO…
Exposures to potentially traumatic events among public safety personnel in Canada.
Canadian Public Safety Personnel (e.g., correctional workers, dispatchers, firefighters, paramedics, and police) are regularly exposed to potentially traumatic events, some of which are highlighted as critical incidents warranting additional resources. Unfortunately, available Canadian public safety personnel data measuring associations between potentially traumatic events and mental health remains sparse. The current research quantifies estimate…
The Relationship Between Uncertainty and Affect
Uncertainty and affect are fundamental and interrelated aspects of the human condition. Uncertainty is often associated with negative affect, but in some circumstances, it is associated with positive affect. In this article, we review different explanations for the varying relationship between uncertainty and affect. We identify "mental simulation" as a key process that links uncertainty to affective states. We suggest that people have a propensi…
A Correlational Analysis of the Relationships among Intolerance of Uncertainty, Anxiety Sensitivity, Subjective Sleep Quality, and Insomnia Symptoms
In this study, we used structural equation modeling to investigate the interplay among Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), Anxiety Sensitivity (AS), and sleep problems. Three hundred undergraduate students completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Inventory, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Insomnia Severity…
Assessing the Relative Impact of Diverse Stressors among Public Safety Personnel
Public Safety Personnel (PSP; e.g., correctional workers and officers, firefighters, paramedics, police officers, and public safety communications officials (e.g., call center operators/dispatchers)) are regularly exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs). PSP also experience other occupational stressors, including organizational (e.g., staff shortages, inconsistent leadership styles) and operational elements (e.g., shift wo…
How Have Public Safety Personnel Seeking Digital Mental Healthcare Been Affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic? An Exploratory Mixed Methods Study
Public safety personnel (PSP) experience unique occupational stressors and suffer from high rates of mental health problems. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted virtually all aspects of human life around the world and has introduced additional occupational stressors for PSP. The objective of this study was to explore how PSP, especially those seeking digital mental health services, have been affected by the pandemic. Our research unit, PSPNET, pro…
Provincial Correctional Service Workers
Correctional service employees in Ontario, Canada ( n = 1487) began an online survey available from 2017 to 2018 designed to assess the prevalence and correlates of mental health challenges. Participants who provided data for the current study ( n = 1032) included provincial staff working in institutional wellness (e.g., nurses) ( n = 71), training (e.g., program officers) ( n = 26), governance (e.g., wardens) ( n = 82), correctional officers ( n…
Sleep Quality and Mental Disorder Symptoms among Canadian Public Safety Personnel
Poor sleep quality is associated with numerous mental health concerns and poorer overall physical health. Sleep disturbances are commonly reported by public safety personnel (PSP) and may contribute to the risk of developing mental disorders or exacerbate mental disorder symptoms. The current investigation was designed to provide estimates of sleep disturbances among PSP and explore the relationship between sleep quality and mental health status.…
Canadian Public Safety Personnel and Occupational Stressors
Canadian public safety personnel (e.g., correctional workers, firefighters) experience potential stressors as a function of their occupation. Occupational stressors can include organizational (e.g., job context) and operational (e.g., job content) elements. Operational stressors (e.g., exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events) may be inevitable, but opportunities may exist to mitigate other occupational stressors for public safet…
Playing the system
There are growing concerns about the impact of public safety work on the mental health of public safety personnel; as such, we explored systemic and individual factors that might dissuade public safety personnel from seeking care. Public safety personnel barriers to care-seeking include the stigma associated with mental disorders and frequent reports of insufficient access to care. To better understand barriers to care-seeking, we thematically an…
Examining Changes in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Substance Use Among a Sample of Canadian Veterans Working with Service Dogs
Comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use (SU) is a growing health concern among Canadian veterans. Veterans are increasingly seeking symptom relief for PTSD and comorbid SU by engaging service dogs (SDs). Despite promising results, the efficacy of SDs in aiding veterans warrants further investigation. An exploratory patientoriented, longitudinal, time-series, mixed-methods research design was employed with a sample of five …
When Our Work Hits Home
Background: International estimates suggest that up to one in three public safety personnel experience one or more mental disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Canadian data have been sparse until very recently, and correctional officers and forensic psychiatric staff have rarely been included. Working as a correctional officer is associated with negative health outcomes and increased work-related stress, with several variab…
Psychology (61 obras) · Medicine (51 obras) · Psychiatry (45 obras) · Mental health (34 obras) · Clinical Psychology (30 obras) · Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research (28 obras) · Clinical Psychology (24 obras) · Occupational safety and health (24 obras) · Social Psychology (23 obras) · Anxiety (20 obras)