Caroline Kuo
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 129795 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Caroline Kuo |
| NOMBRES | Caroline |
| APELLIDO | Kuo |
| FIRMA | KUO C |
| AFILIACIONES | Brown University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2009-0504 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 39 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 19 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 39 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2009 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
“It’s burning down there”
Objectives South Africa has one of the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally, with adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) disproportionately affected due to intersecting biological, behavioral, structural, and social determinants. While HIV prevention receives sustained attention, other STIs remain under-addressed despite high prevalence and increased HIV transmission risk. This study explored STI- and vaginal infectio…
Gender norms and sexual violence among South African adolescents
Social norms, particularly those pertaining to gender equity, can shape attitudes and behaviors that contribute to adolescent sexual violence (SV). This study examines personal attitudes and perceived peer norms regarding gender equity and associations with perpetration of SV among 100 South Africans aged 13-17 in 2019. We assessed: (1) sexual activity and SV behaviors and (2) personal attitudes and perceived peer norms around gender equity. Desc…
Correcting misperceived norms
South Africa is a critical hotspot in the global fight against sexual violence and HIV. We report on the development of Schools Championing Safe South Africa , a behavioural intervention that engages adolescent boys and their peers to identify and address misperceived norms related to these epidemics within the school setting. A social norms survey conducted among 1,431 students aged 13-19 at 3 high schools guided the development of intervention …
I Just Stopped Taking PrEP Without a Reason”
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use is not a once-off bio-behavioural strategy but part of ongoing HIV prevention decision-making. We explored PrEP decision-making through qualitative interviews with 68 adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15-24 years from communities in which a large-scale combination prevention intervention supporting daily oral PrEP uptake for AGYW in South Africa was implemented. Thematic analysis of transcripts was i…
Acceptability, Feasibility, and Preliminary Efficacy of Schools Championing Safe South Africa, a Social Norms Intervention to Prevent HIV Risk Behavior and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence Am…
Schools Championing Safe South Africa is an intervention to prevent sexual violence perpetration and HIV/STI risk behavior among teenage boys, focusing on correcting misperceived social norms regarding risk behavior and engaging boys, teachers and peers in school. We tested its acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy in a pilot RCT (N = 282). 99% of intervention boys reported high satisfaction with content, format, and delivery. Ther…
Identifying Adolescents at Highest Risk of ART Non-adherence, Using the World Health Organization-Endorsed HEADSS and HEADSS+ Checklists
Brief tools are necessary to identify adolescents at greatest risk for ART non-adherence. From the WHO's HEADSS/HEADSS+ adolescent wellbeing checklists, we identify constructs strongly associated with non-adherence (validated with viral load). We conducted interviews and collected clinical records from a 3-year cohort of 1046 adolescents living with HIV from 52 South African government facilities. We used least absolute shrinkage and selection op…
Social resources, resilience, and sexual health among South African adolescent girls and young women
Socioecological factors, including social resources, influence South African adolescent girls' and young women's sexual health. Few studies have explored how these multi-level social factors relate to both resilience and sexual health in this community. This study examines if social resources mediate associations between resilience and two sexual health outcomes. A weighted-sample of 7,237 South African girls and young women (aged 15-24 years) co…
From resilient girls to (more) resilient women
Adolescence and emerging adulthood are times of heightened adversity for South African girls and young women due to structural disadvantage. In this mixed-methods study, we explored lived experiences of resilience among a sample of 377 South African girls and young women (15-24 years) who completed a quantitative cross-sectional survey that included a validated measure of resilience. Quantitative analyses included descriptive statistics and an in…
I can't go to her when I have a problem
Parent-adolescent sexuality communication, the process in which parents and their adolescent children discuss sexuality and sexual and reproductive health, is a key component for adolescents' protective behaviours. Open communication with parents, particularly mothers, enables informed sexual and reproductive health (SRH) decision-making amongst adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). As part of a qualitative study evaluating a South African com…
Pre-exposure prophylaxis as an opportunity for engagement in HIV prevention among South African adolescents
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) offers a potential biomedical strategy to reduce HIV incidence among adolescent populations disproportionately affected by HIV. There is limited evidence on the social and clinical implications, including engagement in HIV prevention efforts, of PrEP for South African adolescents, who face high HIV risk. We conducted a mixed-methods study in Western Cape, South Africa from 2015 to 2016. Adolescents (N = 35) aged 16…
The Money, It’s OK but It’s not OK”
From Survival to Glamour
We explored transactional sex and relationships (TSR) among South African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) using (1) survey data from 4,399 AGYW aged 15-24 years, and (2) qualitative data from 237 AGYW and 38 male peers. Ten percent of sexually active AGYW reported having ever had transactional sex; 14% reported having stayed in a relationship for money or material items. Factors associated with higher reporting of TSR included HIV positiv…
In this place we have found sisterhood”
A combination sexual and reproductive health (SRH) intervention for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), implemented in South Africa 2016–2019, included facilitated peer-group clubs designed to build AGYW self-esteem, foster supportive peer networks, and provide SRH education. We conducted qualitative in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with AGYW who had participated in peer-group clubs, club facilitators, teachers and interventio…
Adolescent-Centered HIV Prevention
“As a Young Pregnant Girl… The Challenges You Face”
In South Africa, adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are at risk of poor mental health, HIV infection and early pregnancy. Poor mental health in AGYW is associated with increased sexual risk behaviours, and impeded HIV testing and care. Using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, we explored subjective experiences of mental health and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) amongst 237 AGYW aged 15-24 years in five South African distr…
Isay (incentives for South African youth)
“If He’s Abusing You . . . the Baby Is Going to Be Affected”
Pregnancy represents a time of increased risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), and an HIV diagnosis further increases the vulnerability of this at-risk group. This study explores experiences of recent IPV using qualitative interviews with N = 12 HIV-positive pregnant women recruited from a clinical setting in South Africa, a location with a high global prevalence of IPV and HIV. Partner dynamics around IPV resulted in HIV shame and stigma and…
A Qualitative Systematic Review of Women's Experiences Using Contraceptive Vaginal Rings
Sara E. Vargas, Miriam M. Midoun, Melissa Guillen, Melissa L. Getz, Kristen Underhill, Caroline Kuo, Kate M. Guthrie, other members of the Project WISH Research Team, A Qualitative Systematic Review of Women's Experiences Using Contraceptive Vaginal Rings: Implications for New Technologies, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 45 (2019), pp. 25-34
A Qualitative Systematic Review of Women's Experiences Using Contraceptive Vaginal Rings
Trauma, Power, and Intimate Relationships Among Women in Prison
The present study, which included four focus groups of women ( n = 21) in four New England prisons, aimed to understand how power impacted women's relationships, exposure to violence, and health. Women described power in three ways: (a) power as control over their sexuality and their sexual partners, (b) power emerging from emotional strength, and (c) power referring to a process of empowerment. Women's perceptions and experiences of power were i…
Building resilient families
Depression contributes significantly to the global burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries. In South Africa, individuals may be at elevated risk for depression due to HIV and AIDS, violence, and poverty. For adolescents, resilience-focused prevention strategies have the potential to reduce onset of depression. Involving families in promoting adolescent mental health is developmentally appropriate, but few existing interventions take…
How qualitative methods contribute to intervention adaptation
This paper describes how to use qualitative data for adapting an existing behavioral intervention to a new population using a specific illustration-the adaptation of the Women's CoOp HIV intervention to the needs of women prisoners who have experienced interpersonal violence. We describe and illustrate how we conducted each step in the adaptation process, including (1) choosing a well-matched intervention to adapt, (2) setting specific goals for …
Stumbling Blocks at the Clinic
Punto Seguro
Readiness for Antiretroviral Therapy
Investigating tangible and mental resources as predictors of perceived household food insecurity during pregnancy among women in a South African birth cohort study
Direct and Indirect Effects of Caregiver Social Support on Adolescent Psychological Outcomes in Two South African Aids‐Affected Communities
Caregiver social support has been shown to be protective for caregiver mental health, parenting and child psychosocial outcomes. This is the first known analysis to quantitatively investigate the relationship between caregiver social support and adolescent psychosocial outcomes in HIV‐endemic, resource–scarce Southern African communities. A cross‐sectional household survey was conducted over 2009–2010 with 2,477 South African adolescents aged 10–…
From resilient girls to (more) resilient women
Adolescence and emerging adulthood are times of heightened adversity for South African girls and young women due to structural disadvantage. In this mixed-methods study, we explored lived experiences of resilience among a sample of 377 South African girls and young women (15-24 years) who completed a quantitative cross-sectional survey that included a validated measure of resilience. Quantitative analyses included descriptive statistics and an in…
Social Support Disparities for Caregivers of Aids‐orphaned Children in South Africa
Drawing upon a sample of 1,599 adults caring for children in HIV‐endemic Umlazi Township in South Africa, this cross‐sectional survey investigated whether perceived social support varied among caregivers of AIDS‐orphaned children (n = 359) as compared with caregivers of children orphaned by other causes (n = 171) and caregivers of nonorphaned children (n = 1,069). Results of multivariate linear regressions indicate that caregivers of AIDS‐orphane…
I can't go to her when I have a problem
Parent-adolescent sexuality communication, the process in which parents and their adolescent children discuss sexuality and sexual and reproductive health, is a key component for adolescents' protective behaviours. Open communication with parents, particularly mothers, enables informed sexual and reproductive health (SRH) decision-making amongst adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). As part of a qualitative study evaluating a South African com…
Trauma, Power, and Intimate Relationships Among Women in Prison
The present study, which included four focus groups of women ( n = 21) in four New England prisons, aimed to understand how power impacted women's relationships, exposure to violence, and health. Women described power in three ways: (a) power as control over their sexuality and their sexual partners, (b) power emerging from emotional strength, and (c) power referring to a process of empowerment. Women's perceptions and experiences of power were i…
Building resilient families
Depression contributes significantly to the global burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries. In South Africa, individuals may be at elevated risk for depression due to HIV and AIDS, violence, and poverty. For adolescents, resilience-focused prevention strategies have the potential to reduce onset of depression. Involving families in promoting adolescent mental health is developmentally appropriate, but few existing interventions take…
Child prosociality within HIV-affected contexts
Considerable attention has been provided to the potential adverse outcomes for youth in the context of HIV and AIDS. Using data from a large community-based study on the psychosocial well-being of youth affected by HIV and AIDS, this paper advances a strength-based, resiliency perspective that is centred on the construct of prosociality. Data was derived from the Young Carers South Africa Project, where a cross-sectional household survey was cond…
Caring for Aids-orphaned children
Depression among carers of Aids-orphaned and other-orphaned children in Umlazi Township, South Africa
South Africa faces the challenge of supporting the well-being of adults caring for growing numbers of AIDS-orphaned children. These adults play a critical role in responses to the epidemic, but little information exists in regard to their mental health needs. This paper reports on findings from n=1599 adults, recruited through representative household sampling, who serve as primary carers for children in Umlazi Township, an HIV-endemic community.…
Social Support Disparities for Caregivers of Aids‐orphaned Children in South Africa
Drawing upon a sample of 1,599 adults caring for children in HIV‐endemic Umlazi Township in South Africa, this cross‐sectional survey investigated whether perceived social support varied among caregivers of AIDS‐orphaned children (n = 359) as compared with caregivers of children orphaned by other causes (n = 171) and caregivers of nonorphaned children (n = 1,069). Results of multivariate linear regressions indicate that caregivers of AIDS‐orphane…
The hidden harm of home-based care
Millions of children in sub-Saharan Africa undertake personal and medical care for family members who are unwell with AIDS. To date, no research has investigated whether such care provision places children at heightened risk for pulmonary tuberculosis. This study aimed to address this gap by identifying risk factors for paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis symptomatology. In 2009-2011, 6002 children aged 10-17 years were surveyed using door-to-door …
“They give us hope”
A number of studies indicate that social support is associated with better health outcomes among HIV-positive caregivers of children, suggesting its potential importance for interventions aimed at safeguarding the well-being of this population. However, there is very little published literature assessing the support-health relationship or evaluating applied social support interventions with HIV-positive populations in HIV-endemic contexts of the …
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Adults Caring for Orphaned Children in HIV-Endemic South Africa
Effects of incarceration on risky Sex
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) risk and interpersonal violence are interconnected public health problems facing incarcerated women. Prison may provide an opportune time to conduct HIV prevention activities with high-risk women. This study used qualitative analysis to explore how incarceration affected women’s experiences of and thoughts about sex and sex risk. Twenty-one incarcerated women who had engaged in unprotected sex with a male in the…
Positive parenting for positive parents
Families affected by HIV/AIDS in the developing world experience higher risks of psychosocial problems than nonaffected families. Positive parenting behavior may buffer against the negative impact of child AIDS-orphanhood and caregiver AIDS-sickness on child well-being. Although there is substantial literature regarding the predictors of parenting behavior in Western populations, there is insufficient evidence on HIV/AIDS as a risk factor for poo…
Medical Pluralism Predicts Non-ART Use among Parents in Need of ART
Social Support Network Characteristics of Incarcerated Women with Co-Occurring Major Depressive and Substance Use Disorders
The nature of social support available to incarcerated women is not well-understood, particularly among women at high risk of negative outcomes, including women dually diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder and a Substance Use Disorder (MDD-SUD). Descriptive statistics and paired-tests were conducted on 60 incarcerated MDD-SUD women receiving in-prison substance use and depression treatments to characterize the women's social networks, includin…
Direct and Indirect Effects of Caregiver Social Support on Adolescent Psychological Outcomes in Two South African Aids‐Affected Communities
Caregiver social support has been shown to be protective for caregiver mental health, parenting and child psychosocial outcomes. This is the first known analysis to quantitatively investigate the relationship between caregiver social support and adolescent psychosocial outcomes in HIV‐endemic, resource–scarce Southern African communities. A cross‐sectional household survey was conducted over 2009–2010 with 2,477 South African adolescents aged 10–…
Developing family interventions for adolescent HIV prevention in South Africa
Adolescents and young people account for 40% of all new HIV infections each year, with South Africa one of the hardest hit countries, and having the largest population of people living with HIV. Although adolescent HIV prevention has been delivered through diverse modalities in South Africa, and although family-based approaches for adolescent HIV prevention have great potential for highly affected settings such as South Africa, there is a scarcit…
Child prosociality within HIV-affected contexts
Considerable attention has been provided to the potential adverse outcomes for youth in the context of HIV and AIDS. Using data from a large community-based study on the psychosocial well-being of youth affected by HIV and AIDS, this paper advances a strength-based, resiliency perspective that is centred on the construct of prosociality. Data was derived from the Young Carers South Africa Project, where a cross-sectional household survey was cond…
Stumbling Blocks at the Clinic
Punto Seguro
Readiness for Antiretroviral Therapy
Investigating tangible and mental resources as predictors of perceived household food insecurity during pregnancy among women in a South African birth cohort study
How qualitative methods contribute to intervention adaptation
This paper describes how to use qualitative data for adapting an existing behavioral intervention to a new population using a specific illustration-the adaptation of the Women's CoOp HIV intervention to the needs of women prisoners who have experienced interpersonal violence. We describe and illustrate how we conducted each step in the adaptation process, including (1) choosing a well-matched intervention to adapt, (2) setting specific goals for …
“If He’s Abusing You . . . the Baby Is Going to Be Affected”
Pregnancy represents a time of increased risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), and an HIV diagnosis further increases the vulnerability of this at-risk group. This study explores experiences of recent IPV using qualitative interviews with N = 12 HIV-positive pregnant women recruited from a clinical setting in South Africa, a location with a high global prevalence of IPV and HIV. Partner dynamics around IPV resulted in HIV shame and stigma and…
A Qualitative Systematic Review of Women's Experiences Using Contraceptive Vaginal Rings
Sara E. Vargas, Miriam M. Midoun, Melissa Guillen, Melissa L. Getz, Kristen Underhill, Caroline Kuo, Kate M. Guthrie, other members of the Project WISH Research Team, A Qualitative Systematic Review of Women's Experiences Using Contraceptive Vaginal Rings: Implications for New Technologies, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 45 (2019), pp. 25-34
A Qualitative Systematic Review of Women's Experiences Using Contraceptive Vaginal Rings
Trauma, Power, and Intimate Relationships Among Women in Prison
The present study, which included four focus groups of women ( n = 21) in four New England prisons, aimed to understand how power impacted women's relationships, exposure to violence, and health. Women described power in three ways: (a) power as control over their sexuality and their sexual partners, (b) power emerging from emotional strength, and (c) power referring to a process of empowerment. Women's perceptions and experiences of power were i…
Building resilient families
Depression contributes significantly to the global burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries. In South Africa, individuals may be at elevated risk for depression due to HIV and AIDS, violence, and poverty. For adolescents, resilience-focused prevention strategies have the potential to reduce onset of depression. Involving families in promoting adolescent mental health is developmentally appropriate, but few existing interventions take…
“As a Young Pregnant Girl… The Challenges You Face”
In South Africa, adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are at risk of poor mental health, HIV infection and early pregnancy. Poor mental health in AGYW is associated with increased sexual risk behaviours, and impeded HIV testing and care. Using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, we explored subjective experiences of mental health and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) amongst 237 AGYW aged 15-24 years in five South African distr…
Isay (incentives for South African youth)
Medicine (31 obras) · Psychology (29 obras) · Psychiatry (22 obras) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (20 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (18 obras) · Social Psychology (16 obras) · Environmental health (15 obras) · Nursing (15 obras) · Public health (15 obras) · Family medicine (12 obras)