John P Pierce
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1322911 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | John P Pierce |
| NOMBRES | John P |
| APELLIDO | Pierce |
| FIRMA | PIERCE J P |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California San Diego |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0075-7471 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 65 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 122 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 65 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1988 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Tobacco advertising, cross-over effects, and US adolescent progression from never to current tobacco use
Among adolescents who were receptive to tobacco advertising but had never used tobacco at baseline, there was significant progression to current and daily tobacco use 6.6 years later. The cross-over advertising effect went beyond the particular advertised product and effectively promoted daily nicotine use, particularly among 12-14-year-old adolescents at baseline, with progression to e-cigarettes. Population increases in adolescent progression t…
Cannabis use and progression to regular tobacco use among United States youth and young adults
Among US youth and young adults who had never regularly used tobacco, cannabis use in 2017 was associated with a large increase in current regular tobacco use in 2021
Cigarette smoking decline among US young adults from 2000 to 2019, in relation to state-level cigarette price and tobacco control expenditure
National programmes may have filled a gap in state-level interventions, helping drive down the social acceptability of cigarette smoking among young adults across all states. Additional interventions are needed to assist high-prevalence states to further reduce smoking
Declines in cigarette smoking among US adolescents and young adults
Since 1997, a large decline in cigarette smoking occurred in the US population under age 24 years, that was independent of the 2017-19 adolescent surge in past 30-day e-cigarette vaping. Further research is needed to assess whether the 2014-15 to 2018-19 increase in exclusive vaping in those aged 18-24 years is a cohort effect from earlier dependence on e-cigarette vaping as adolescents
Effectiveness of e-cigarettes as aids for smoking cessation
Sales increases in high nicotine e-cigarettes in 2017 did not translate to more smokers using these e-cigarettes to quit smoking. On average, using e-cigarettes for cessation in 2017 did not improve successful quitting or prevent relapse
Evaluating US smokers’ willingness to pay for different cigarette packaging designs before and after real-world exposure in a randomised trial
Compared with US branded packs, the negative valuation of non-branded GWL packs attenuates with even 3 months' use but does not generalise to non-used GWLs. This suggests that GWLs should be regularly refreshed. The appeal valuation of industry imagery suggests that the US plan to retain such imagery on packs may ameliorate the effect of GWLs
Validation of an Index for Functionally Important Respiratory Symptoms among Adults in the Nationally Representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, 2014–2016
The purpose of this study is to validate the seven-item wheezing module from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) in the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Adult participants with complete Wave 2-3 data were selected, including those with asthma but excluding those with COPD and other respiratory diseases ( n = 16,295). We created a nine-point respiratory symptom index from …
Effects of menthol use and transitions in use on short-term and long-term cessation from cigarettes among US smokers
These results demonstrate that menthol impaired menthol smokers' attempts to quit smoking but switching from menthol improved success. This suggests that removing menthol may improve menthol smokers' success during quit attempts
Role of affective reactivity induced by cigarette packaging including graphic warning labels
Initial reactions to GWL packs, a blank pack, and smokers' current US pack reflected negative, neutral, and positive affect, respectively. Different versions of the GWL pack elicited different levels and types of immediate negative affect
Tool to assess appeal–aversion response to graphic warning labels on cigarette packs among US smokers
Smokers indicated a willingness to pay substantial premiums to avoid purchasing graphic packaging. Results suggest that mandating graphic warnings on US cigarette packs would induce price aversion and may deter cigarette purchasing. Price valuations from this appeal-aversion tool could be useful for regulators to differentiate between graphic warning labels
Tobacco control in California compared with the rest of the USA
Tobacco control strategies need to be continually updated to maintain momentum towards a smoke-free society
E-cigarette use and smoking reduction or cessation in the 2010/2011 TUS-CPS longitudinal cohort
Among early adopters, ever-use of first generation e-cigarettes to aid quitting cigarette smoking was not associated with improved cessation or with reduced consumption, even among heavier smokers
Use of imagery and text that could convey reduced harm in American Spirit advertisements
American Spirit ads use a wide range of marketing techniques to convey a natural product image, which could subsequently communicate reduced harm
Twitter analysis of California's failed campaign to raise the state's tobacco tax by popular vote in 2012
Although the Prop 29 campaigns did not effectively engage the Californian twitter communities, analysis of tweets provided an earlier indication than public polls of the loss of public supporting this election. Prospective Twitter analysis should be added to campaign evaluation strategies
Design and methods of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (Path) Study
The cumulative, population-based data generated over time by the PATH Study will contribute to the evidence base to inform FDA's regulatory mission under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act and efforts to reduce the Nation's burden of tobacco-related death and disease
Receptivity to cigarette and tobacco control messages and adolescent smoking initiation
Receptivity to tobacco control advertising appeared to ameliorate the promotion of initiation from cigarette advertising. Anti-industry advertising appears to be the most effective counter for tobacco control and should be considered for wider use. A larger longitudinal study is needed to confirm these findings
National Trends in Smoking Behaviors Among Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban Men and Women in the United States
Objectives. We examined trends in smoking behaviors across 2 periods among Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans in the United States. Methods. We analyzed data from the 1992–2007 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey. We constructed 2 data sets (1990s vs 2000s) to compare smoking behaviors between the 2 periods. Results. Significant decreases in ever, current, and heavy smoking were accompanied by increases in light and intermit…
The Effectiveness of Cigarette Price and Smoke-Free Homes on Low-Income Smokers in the United States
Objectives. We examined the effectiveness of state cigarette price and smoke-free homes on smoking behaviors of low-income and high-income populations in the United States. Methods. We used the 2006–2007 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. The primary outcomes were average daily cigarette consumption and successful quitting. We used multivariable regression to examine the association of cigarette price and smoke-free home pol…
Social, creative, human, and political capital effects on sustainability initiatives in Kansas counties
In a small sample effects analysis of 22 Kansas counties, this research note reports the results of a pilot study of the role of social, creative, human, and political capital in the centrality of environmental and equity concerns in sustainability efforts. Social capital is measured by the relative presence of rent-seeking and non-rent-seeking networks in each county, creative capital by a measure of county creative vitality, human capital by th…
Changes in Age Trajectories of Smoking Experimentation During the California Tobacco Control Program
Objectives. We aimed to investigate population-level changes in smoking initiation during California's Tobacco Control (CTC) Program from 1990 to 2005, a period during which tobacco industry marketing practices also changed. Methods. We used a discrete time survival analysis of data from the California Tobacco Survey to model changes in age of first smoking experimentation across birth cohorts. Results. Smoking initiation patterns were stable acr…
Remembering Ron Davis
Ronald Davis, MD, aged 52, passed away on 6 November 2008 after a courageous 10-month battle with pancreatic cancer. Ron’s star shone very brightly, albeit too briefly in the medical community. He graduated medical school from the University of Chicago, where he also received a Master of Arts in Public Policy Studies. He trained at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) both as a field epidemiologist and as a preventive medicine …
Smoking Cessation Rates in the United States
Objectives. We compared smoking quit rates by age in a nationally representative sample to determine differences in cessation rates among younger and older adults. Methods. We used data on recent dependent smokers aged 18 to 64 years from the 2003 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (n=31625). Results. Young adults (aged 18–24 years) were more likely than were older adults (aged 35–64 years) to report having seriously tried to…
Validation of the WHI Brief Physical Activity Questionnaire among Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer
ObjectiveTo investigate the psychometric properties of the physical activity (PA) measure of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).MethodsWomen diagnosed with breast cancer and enrolled in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study (average age 55 years) wore an accelerometer for 1 week and completed the 7-day Physical Activity Recall (PAR) and brief WHI measure.ResultsBoth self-reports correlated 0.73 with the accelerometer and had 100% sensitivi…
The California Tobacco Control Program’s effect on adult smokers
There were uniformly large declines in AA smoking from 1992-3 to 2001-2 across states, independent of type of tobacco control strategy. Further research is needed into factors associated with smoking declines among AAs
The California Tobacco Control Program’s effect on adult smokers
Successful smoking cessation increased by 25% during the 1990s in the US. Comprehensive tobacco-control programmes were associated with greater cessation success than were with high cigarette prices alone, although both effects were limited to younger adults
International comparisons of trends in cigarette smoking prevalence
Data on smoking prevalence since 1974 are presented for the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, Norway and Sweden. During this period, sex-specific prevalence has decreased in all the countries studied, with the exception of Norway, where women showed an increase. There was also a considerable decline in uptake of smoking by the young over this period, suggesting that the observed decline in prevalence is likely to continue. In the U…
Smoking Cessation Rates in the United States
Objectives. We compared smoking quit rates by age in a nationally representative sample to determine differences in cessation rates among younger and older adults. Methods. We used data on recent dependent smokers aged 18 to 64 years from the 2003 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (n=31625). Results. Young adults (aged 18–24 years) were more likely than were older adults (aged 35–64 years) to report having seriously tried to…
Long-term effectiveness of mass media led antismoking campaigns in Australia
A community antismoking campaign began in Sydney, Australia in 1983, and in Melbourne in 1984. These campaigns purchased prime-time television advertising spots to set the community agenda. An intense effort was made to ensure that antismoking activities were maximized at the school, organizational, and community level. Smoking prevalences in both cities from 1981 were fitted with a statistical model to identify any underlying trend, to assess an…
How long will today's new adolescent smoker be addicted to cigarettes
This study estimated the expected smoking duration for young smokers who have started recently. Data from National Health Interview Surveys were combined to model the ages at which smoking prevalence will decline to various percentages of the peak smoking prevalence for each successive birth cohort. Smoking-cessation ages were then estimated for the males and females born from 1975 through 1979. The median cessation age for those in this cohort w…
The reliability of self-reported cigarette consumption in the United States
To investigate the possibility that self-reported smoking is not a valid measure for assessing trends in smoking prevalence, we compared total self-reported cigarette consumption with the adjusted consumption data from cigarette excise taxes as reported by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) for the period 1974 through 1985. Self-reported consumption was calculated by using data from the National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) for adults and…
Mass media-led antismoking campaign can remove the education gap in quitting behavior
This study investigated whether the effective mass media-led antismoking campaigns in Australia had the traditional differential effect across educational levels. Our population surveys included random samples of 12,851 people before the campaign and 11,609 several years after the campaign had started. No statistically significant differences were found in quitting across education levels in three of the four subgroups. Mass media-led antismoking…
Large-Scale Environmental Risk Factors for Substance Use
This article discusses evidence on the importance of large-scale environmental risk factors for onset of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use. It is suggested that smoking onset occurs through a process in which some individuals change from nonsmoking to susceptibility, experimentation, and adoption of regular use. A distinction is made between distal and proximal risk factors, and a model is outlined that encompasses both levels. We consider evi…
First-year impact of the 1989 California cigarette tax increase on cigarette consumption
We employed a time series design to evaluate the impact of the 1989 California cigarette tax increase on cigarette consumption in California. Adult per capita consumption data from 1980 to 1990 were analyzed for California and the United States. Trend data indicated a sharp drop in California cigarette consumption coincident with the tax increase. Time-series regression analyses support this observation, and suggest that a 5% to 7% decline in con…
Do Favorite Movie Stars Influence Adolescent Smoking Initiation
Objectives. We sought to determine whether adolescents whose favorite movie stars smoke on-screen are at increased risk of tobacco use. Methods. During interviews, adolescent never smokers taking part in the California Tobacco Survey nominated their favorite stars. We reviewed popular films released during 1994 through 1996 to determine whether stars smoked on-screen in at least 2 films. Results. One third of never smokers nominated a star who sm…
Clean Indoor Air
Objectives. This study assessed progress in achieving clean indoor air in California. Methods. Data were from large, cross-sectional population-based surveys (1990–1999). Results. Indoor workers reporting smoke-free workplaces increased from 35.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 33.7, 36.3) in 1990 to 93.4% (95% CI = 92.6, 94.2) in 1999. Exposure of nonsmoking indoor workers to secondhand tobacco smoke decreased from 29.0% (95% CI = 27.2, 30.8) t…
Estimates of population smoking prevalence
OBJECTIVES. In the face of rising costs of surveillance systems, it is time to reexamine the feasibility of including proxy respondents in surveys designed to provide population estimates of smoking prevalence. METHODS. Data are from the California. Tobacco Surveys, which are random-digit dialed telephone surveys. One adult provided demographic information and smoking status for all household residents. Additionally, some adults were selected for…
Social, creative, human, and political capital effects on sustainability initiatives in Kansas counties
In a small sample effects analysis of 22 Kansas counties, this research note reports the results of a pilot study of the role of social, creative, human, and political capital in the centrality of environmental and equity concerns in sustainability efforts. Social capital is measured by the relative presence of rent-seeking and non-rent-seeking networks in each county, creative capital by a measure of county creative vitality, human capital by th…
The Effectiveness of Cigarette Price and Smoke-Free Homes on Low-Income Smokers in the United States
Objectives. We examined the effectiveness of state cigarette price and smoke-free homes on smoking behaviors of low-income and high-income populations in the United States. Methods. We used the 2006–2007 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. The primary outcomes were average daily cigarette consumption and successful quitting. We used multivariable regression to examine the association of cigarette price and smoke-free home pol…
Receptivity to Tobacco Advertising and Promotions Among Young Adolescents as a Predictor of Established Smoking in Young Adulthood
Objectives. We investigated whether receptivity to tobacco advertising and promotions during young adolescence predicts young adult smoking 6 years later. Methods. Two longitudinal cohorts of adolescents drawn from the 1993 and 1996 versions of the California Tobacco Surveys were followed 3 and 6 years later. At baseline, adolescents were aged 12 to 15 years and were not established smokers. The outcome measure was established smoking at final fo…
National Trends in Smoking Behaviors Among Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban Men and Women in the United States
Objectives. We examined trends in smoking behaviors across 2 periods among Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans in the United States. Methods. We analyzed data from the 1992–2007 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey. We constructed 2 data sets (1990s vs 2000s) to compare smoking behaviors between the 2 periods. Results. Significant decreases in ever, current, and heavy smoking were accompanied by increases in light and intermit…
Changes in Age Trajectories of Smoking Experimentation During the California Tobacco Control Program
Objectives. We aimed to investigate population-level changes in smoking initiation during California's Tobacco Control (CTC) Program from 1990 to 2005, a period during which tobacco industry marketing practices also changed. Methods. We used a discrete time survival analysis of data from the California Tobacco Survey to model changes in age of first smoking experimentation across birth cohorts. Results. Smoking initiation patterns were stable acr…
Adolescents' perceptions of their peers' health norms
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance adolescents place on preventive health behaviors. METHODS. Data were from a survey of California adolescents (n = 5040). Respondents were asked how important it was to their peers to avoid drugs, marijuana, cigarettes, heavy drinking, and drinking and driving and to maintain seat belt use, fitness, weight control, and healthy eating habits. Results were compared with d…
Forthcoming in American Journal of Primatology
Trends in Cigarette Smoking in the United States
National trends in smoking prevalence by educational category from 1974 through 1985 show that education has replaced gender as the major sociodemographic predictor of smoking status. Smoking prevalence has declined across all educational groups but the decline has occurred five times faster among the higher educated compared with the less educated. From 1974 to 1985, smoking prevalence among persons with less than a high school diploma declined …
National Age and Sex Differences in Quitting Smoking
The 1986 Adult Use of Tobacco Survey conducted by the Office on Smoking and Health of the Centers for Disease Control asked detailed questions on smoking behavior from a representative sample of 13,031 Americans. Using a smoking continuum developed from that survey as an index, it was postulated that a hard-core group of smokers would be overrepresented in some categories of this continuum in certain groups of the population. In this survey, more…
The reliability of self-reported cigarette consumption in the United States
To investigate the possibility that self-reported smoking is not a valid measure for assessing trends in smoking prevalence, we compared total self-reported cigarette consumption with the adjusted consumption data from cigarette excise taxes as reported by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) for the period 1974 through 1985. Self-reported consumption was calculated by using data from the National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) for adults and…
International comparisons of trends in cigarette smoking prevalence
Data on smoking prevalence since 1974 are presented for the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, Norway and Sweden. During this period, sex-specific prevalence has decreased in all the countries studied, with the exception of Norway, where women showed an increase. There was also a considerable decline in uptake of smoking by the young over this period, suggesting that the observed decline in prevalence is likely to continue. In the U…
Long-term effectiveness of mass media led antismoking campaigns in Australia
A community antismoking campaign began in Sydney, Australia in 1983, and in Melbourne in 1984. These campaigns purchased prime-time television advertising spots to set the community agenda. An intense effort was made to ensure that antismoking activities were maximized at the school, organizational, and community level. Smoking prevalences in both cities from 1981 were fitted with a statistical model to identify any underlying trend, to assess an…
Regional trends in cigarette smoking behaviour in the United States
Correspondence and requests for reprints to : Dr Stephen E Marcus, Analytical Studies Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, 5333 Westbard Avenue, Room 522, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Abstract Objective To examine trends in cigar ette smoking behaviour by region of the United States from 1965 to 1987. Design Survey. Setting US population. Participants Random population based samples (9000 to 89000) of adults aged ^ 20 years from 12 na…
Occasional smoking among adults
Reasons smokers give for stopping smoking
Correspondence and requests for reprints to : Dr Pierce. Abstract Objective -To determine the frequency and distribution of reasons that smokers give for stopping smoking, and whether any type of reason is associated with a greater likelihood of success than any other. Design Univariate and multivariate analyses of reasons for stopping smoking by demographic characteristics, success in stopping by demographic character istics, and success in stop…
Trends in physicians' giving advice to stop smoking, United States, 1974-87
First-year impact of the 1989 California cigarette tax increase on cigarette consumption
We employed a time series design to evaluate the impact of the 1989 California cigarette tax increase on cigarette consumption in California. Adult per capita consumption data from 1980 to 1990 were analyzed for California and the United States. Trend data indicated a sharp drop in California cigarette consumption coincident with the tax increase. Time-series regression analyses support this observation, and suggest that a 5% to 7% decline in con…
Mass media-led antismoking campaign can remove the education gap in quitting behavior
This study investigated whether the effective mass media-led antismoking campaigns in Australia had the traditional differential effect across educational levels. Our population surveys included random samples of 12,851 people before the campaign and 11,609 several years after the campaign had started. No statistically significant differences were found in quitting across education levels in three of the four subgroups. Mass media-led antismoking…
Stages of smoking cessation
Do smoking ordinances protect non-smokers from environmental tobacco smoke at work
Author(s): Pierce, JP; Shanks, TG; Pertschuk, M; Gilpin, E; Shopland, D; Johnson, M; Bal, D
Estimates of population smoking prevalence
OBJECTIVES. In the face of rising costs of surveillance systems, it is time to reexamine the feasibility of including proxy respondents in surveys designed to provide population estimates of smoking prevalence. METHODS. Data are from the California. Tobacco Surveys, which are random-digit dialed telephone surveys. One adult provided demographic information and smoking status for all household residents. Additionally, some adults were selected for…
Workplace smoking policy and changes in smoking behaviour in California
Correspondence to : John Pierce, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0901, USA Abstract Objective -To examine the association between changes in smoking behaviour and changes in workplace smoking poli cies in California, USA. Design Population-based telephone survey. Subjects Longitudinal sample of 1844 California adult indoor workers inter viewed in 1990 and 1992. …
The demographics of help-seeking for smoking cessation in California and the role of the California Smokers’ Helpline
Objective To investigate and compare the demographics of California smokers seeking assistance to quit and those of smokers who called the California Smokers’ Helpline, a large scale state-wide smoking cessation service. Data sources The 1990, 1992, and 1993 California Tobacco Surveys, and screening interviews conducted with callers to the California Smokers’ Helpline in its first 30 months of operation. Design For the California Tobacco Surveys,…
An improved surveillance measure for adolescent smoking
Objective To assess the possible usefulness and validity of a new measure to identify adolescents at risk of smoking cigarettes. Design The new measure was compared with standard ones with respect to their ability to identify young adolescents at risk of later smoking cigarettes; and the correlation between known risk factors for smoking and both the new and the standard measure of current smoking was assessed. Setting and subjects Cross-sectiona…
Does advertising promote smokeless tobacco use among adolescent boys? Evidence from California
Objectives To assess trends in smokeless tobacco use and to identify risk factors that distinguish youths who use or who are at risk of using smokeless tobacco. Design Population based telephone surveys conducted in 1990,1992, and 1993. Subjects Adolescent boys in California aged 12 to 17 years and men between the ages of 18 and 24. Sample sizes were 3912 in 1990, 883 in 1992, and 2814 in 1993. Main outcome measures Current use and susceptibility…
Progress in protecting non-smokers from environmental tobacco smoke in California workplaces
Correspondence to : John Pierce PhD, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901, USA Abstract Objective To evaluate changes in work place smoking policies and reported non smoker exposure to environmental to bacco smoke in California workplaces. Design -Data were gathered using the California Tobacco Survey, which was conducted among 13199 adult indoor workers in 1990, 5570 i…
Adolescents' perceptions of their peers' health norms
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance adolescents place on preventive health behaviors. METHODS. Data were from a survey of California adolescents (n = 5040). Respondents were asked how important it was to their peers to avoid drugs, marijuana, cigarettes, heavy drinking, and drinking and driving and to maintain seat belt use, fitness, weight control, and healthy eating habits. Results were compared with d…
Validation of susceptibility as a predictor of which adolescents take up smoking in the United States.
Smoking onset has 4 levels, with a "susceptibility" level preceding early experimentation. This study assessed the predictive validity of smoking susceptibility in a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of 4,500 adolescents who at baseline reported never having puffed on a cigarette. At follow-up 4 years later, 40% of the sample had experimented with smoking, and 8% had established a smoking habit. Baseline susceptibility to s…
How long will today's new adolescent smoker be addicted to cigarettes
This study estimated the expected smoking duration for young smokers who have started recently. Data from National Health Interview Surveys were combined to model the ages at which smoking prevalence will decline to various percentages of the peak smoking prevalence for each successive birth cohort. Smoking-cessation ages were then estimated for the males and females born from 1975 through 1979. The median cessation age for those in this cohort w…
Large-Scale Environmental Risk Factors for Substance Use
This article discusses evidence on the importance of large-scale environmental risk factors for onset of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use. It is suggested that smoking onset occurs through a process in which some individuals change from nonsmoking to susceptibility, experimentation, and adoption of regular use. A distinction is made between distal and proximal risk factors, and a model is outlined that encompasses both levels. We consider evi…
Impact of the Amecian Stop Smoking Intervention Study on Cigarette consumption
These interim results suggest that the ASSIST programme is associated with a substantial difference in tobacco consumption in a third of the United States, and that increased price from taxation may not be the only programme influence
Medicine (57 obras) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (54 obras) · Environmental health (49 obras) · Population (39 obras) · Demography (37 obras) · Demography (23 obras) · Public health (23 obras) · Tobacco control (21 obras) · Smoking cessation (20 obras) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (18 obras)