Tomoki Nakaya
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1340276 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Tomoki Nakaya |
| NOMBRES | Tomoki |
| APELLIDO | Nakaya |
| FIRMA | NAKAYA T |
| AFILIACIONES | Tohoku University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3827-1012 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 71 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 135 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 71 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2000 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
The Nature of Orangutan “Rescue Data” in Understanding Human-Orangutan Conflict in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Understanding the spatial distribution of human-orangutan conflict (HOC) is key to effective orangutan conservation. In this Central Kalimantan study, we make use of “rescue data” to examine their relationship to HOC. We collected data from 98 orangutan rescue operations and conducted field visits to 20 sites. Then we analysed the nature of the “rescue data”, its distribution, relationship to local orangutan distribution according to the 2016 Pop…
Prevalence and characteristics of above-recommended-dose non-medical use of over-the-counter drugs in Japan
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe the prevalence, acquisition routes, and help-seeking behavior of non-medical use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs among Japanese online survey respondents. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey using the Japan "Society and New Tobacco" Internet Survey (JASTIS) was conducted from February 23 to March 31, 2025. Past 12-month use, misuse defined as use above the recommended dose, and non-medical use among r…
Coarse‐to‐Fine Spatial Modeling
This study proposes coarse‐to‐fine spatial modeling (CFSM) as a scalable and machine learning‐compatible alternative to conventional spatial process models. Unlike conventional covariance‐based spatial models, CFSM represents spatial processes using a multiscale ensemble of local models. To ensure stable model training, larger‐scale patterns that are easier to learn are modeled first, followed by smaller‐scale patterns, with training terminated o…
Dose-response associations between a walkability index and adults' domain-specific walking
We examined dose–response relations between a Japan Postcode-level Walkability Index (JPWI) and total walking, walking for leisure; and walking for transport, among adults living in 95 cities across the country. This nationwide cross-sectional study included 40,286 adults (males 50.5%, 49.4 ± 15.6 years) residing in a wide range of urban and rural settings, who responded to a web-based survey conducted in 2021 using quota sampling. The JPWI was c…
Pandemic, People, and Street Crime
Previous research has demonstrated that declines in street crime during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with reduced human mobility. Whether midterm changes in human mobility—sharp reduction and gradual return to prepandemic levels—are linked to corresponding changes in street crime remains unclear, however. Moreover, whereas pandemic-related mobility shifts and the reduction in street crime vary by area types such as downtown and residenti…
Educational inequalities in site-specific cancer mortality
Background Reports on socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality are limited in East Asia. We investigated educational inequalities in cancer mortality in Japan, serving as an advanced example of a nationwide census-based surveillance. Methods We developed a Japanese census-linked mortality dataset, using our unique linkage method. The dataset encompassed approximately 0.48 million cancer deaths linked to individual-level census data of 80 mi…
Dynamics of internal migration rates in Japan
In recent decades, a long-term internal migration decline has been observed in many countries, including Japan. To explore the dynamics of internal migration in Japan, we apply the age-period-cohort-interaction model to five-year inter-prefectural migration rate data from six nationally representative surveys conducted between 1991 and 2016. The results show regular age-specific migration patterns, fluctuating period effects, and inter- and intra…
From Masculinisation to Feminisation of Metropolitan Areas
In Western countries, more women live in urban or high‐population‐density areas than men, reflecting selective rural‐to‐urban migration by sex. In contrast, the sex ratio of the Tokyo metropolitan area, which includes the capital in Japan, is relatively high compared to other areas within the country, suggesting male‐dominant migration towards that area. However, there were contradictory patterns of recent migration, such as selective migration o…
Heat-related impacts on all-cause emergency hospitalisation differ by area deprivation and urbanicity
BACKGROUND: Climate-related health impacts have been a global public health concern. Identifying vulnerable populations is critical in implementing adaptation strategies. This study aimed to examine how heat-related impacts on all-cause emergency hospitalisations differ by area deprivation and urbanicity. METHODS: All-cause emergency hospitalisations were identified in the Japanese nationwide administrative database during the warm season between…
Examining the role of social environment on Covid-19 infections and vaccine uptake among migrants in Japan
Studies have shown that migrants and ethnic minority groups were disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, yet the role of the social environment in shaping their vulnerabilities remains underexplored in Japan. This study explored the experiences of migrants in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic and examined the association between social environmental factors (i.e., population density, neighborhood deprivation, ethnic density, and so…
Revisiting public open space and physical activity
Lower suicidal ideation linked to easier access to urban green spaces during the Covid-19 pandemic
Urban green spaces (UGSs) have been linked to improved mental health and lower suicide rates, yet their protective role during large-scale crises remains underexplored. We examined associations of UGS accessibility with long-term and pandemic induced new-onset suicidal ideation during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in urban Japan, using data from a nationwide health survey of 17,376 participants (August 2020). Modified Poisson regressio…
The effects of neighbourhood green spaces on mental health of disadvantaged groups
Mental disorders affect many different groups around the world, and disadvantaged groups are often more severely affected. Neighbourhood green spaces (GS) can improve mental health, especially in disadvantaged groups. Many countries address social inequality and inequity through GS interventions. However, current evidence shows inconsistencies, which may result from the study site, research design, socio-demographically diverse samples, inclusivi…
Encapsulating Spatially Varying Relationships with a Generalized Additive Model
This paper describes the use of Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to create regression models whose coefficient estimates vary with geographic location—spatially varying coefficient (SVC) models. The approach uses Gaussian Process (GP) splines (smooths) for each predictor variable, which are parameterised with observation location in order to generate SVC estimates. These describe the spatially varying relationships between predictor and respons…
Urban Streetscape Changes in Portland, Oregon
Streetscape imagery has considerable potential for observing urban change. The literature lacks sufficient longitudinal studies, however, on urban change considering human perception and activities. We conducted a longitudinal virtual audit to observe the change in urban liveliness, human activities, and built environment by examining streetscape imagery taken in the late 2000s and the late 2010s in Portland, Oregon. Eleven untrained crowd worker…
Relative age effect on the physical activity and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years old
The relative age effect on physical activity can persist after middle school, and the relatively younger individuals are more likely to replace physical activity with sedentary behavior
Moving up and down the urban hierarchy
This study aimed to understand the age‐specific internal migration patterns in Japan where more than a quarter of the population is aged ≥65 years and the national population is on the decline, focusing on the urban hierarchy. Demographic efficiency, which is the ratio of net to gross migration, was calculated for each migration flow between the levels of urban hierarchy in Japan based on the 2020 census. The results showed that the overall upwar…
The contributions of neighbourhood design in promoting metabolic health
The design and quality of the neighbourhood built environment can encourage health-supportive behaviours and support cardiometabolic health. However, despite the relationships between demographic and behavioural risk factors of metabolic syndrome being investigated by many studies, only some studies have directly estimated the associations between the built environment and metabolic syndrome. Using data from Canada, we examined the associations b…
Associations between neighborhood walkability and walking following residential relocation
Introduction Cross-sectional studies consistently find that the neighborhood built environment (e.g., walkability) is associated with walking. However, findings from the few existing longitudinal residential relocation studies that have estimated associations between changes in neighborhood built characteristics and walking are equivocal. The study objective was to estimate whether changes in neighborhood walkability resulting from residential re…
Place attachment and walking behaviour
Depression among middle-aged adults in Japan
There has been considerable interest in the effect of the built environment design on depressive symptoms. However, there are still few empirical studies on this topic, and there is a dearth of evidence among middle-aged adults. The present study examined the associations of urban design attributes with depressive symptoms among a sample of middle-aged adults in Japan. Cross-sectional data from a random sample of residents (40–64 years old) in tw…
A Route Map for Successful Applications of Geographically Weighted Regression
Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is increasingly used in spatial analyses of social and environmental data. It allows spatial heterogeneities in processes and relationships to be investigated through a series of local regression models rather than a single global one. Standard GWR assumes that relationships between the response and predictor variables operate at the same spatial scale, which is frequently not the case. To address this, se…
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics Associated with the Covid-19 Incidence in Elementary School Children
We aimed to determine whether neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics are associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in elementary school children and, if so, the associated characteristics. We obtained data on the number of infected children from 282 public elementary schools and the socioeconomic characteristics of each school district in Osaka City, Japan. We examined associations between these variables through negat…
Urban Form Metrics for Promoting Walking
Trends and Disparities in Adult Body Mass Index Across the 47 Prefectures of Japan, 1975–2018
Background Among high-income countries, Japan has a low prevalence of obesity, but little is understood about subnational trends and variations in body mass index (BMI), largely owing to the lack of data from representative samples of prefectures. We aimed to examine long-term trends and distributions of adult BMI at the prefecture level in Japan from the late 1970s using a spatiotemporal model. Methods We obtained cross-sectional data for 233,98…
Does walkable mean sociable? Neighborhood determinants of social capital among older adults in Japan
Objective scoring of streetscape walkability related to leisure walking
Although the pedestrian-friendly qualities of streetscapes promote walking, quantitative understanding of streetscape functionality remains insufficient. This study proposed a novel automated method to assess streetscape walkability (SW) using semantic segmentation and statistical modeling on Google Street View images. Using compositions of segmented streetscape elements, such as buildings and street trees, a regression-style model was built to p…
Local spatial interaction modelling based on the geographically weighted regression approach
An Information Statistical Approach to the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Incidence Rate Maps
The modifiable areal unit problem becomes apparent when incidence rates are mapped on the basis of areal units. Although small units with high spatial accuracy can present unreliable rates, large spatial units may remove relevant geographical variation. Regarding mapping as a kind of statistical modelling, this author proposes a new methodology to select appropriate areal units using the Akaike information criterion and two search methods for an …
Trends in internal migration in Japan, 2012–2020
In the past 10 years or so, there have been growing concerns in Japan that migration trends, such as large in-migration to the Tokyo metropolitan area (TMA) at the national scale and large movements from the suburbs to the centres at the metropolitan scale, have widened the core-periphery disparities at each scale under national population decline. However, the COVID-19 pandemic led to unexpected changes in these migration patterns, such as a wea…
Geographical inequalities of mortality by income in two developed island countries
Evidence for urban design and public health policy and practice
Scalable GWR
Although a number of studies have developed fast geographically weighted regression (GWR) algorithms for large samples, none of them has achieved linear-time estimation, which is considered a requisite for big data analysis in machine learning, geostatistics, and related domains. Against this backdrop, this study proposes a scalable GWR (ScaGWR) for large data sets. The key improvement is the calibration of the model through a precompression of t…
The Importance of Scale in Spatially Varying Coefficient Modeling
Although spatially varying coefficient (SVC) models have attracted considerable attention in applied science, they have been criticized as being unstable. The objective of this study is to show that capturing the “spatial scale” of each data relationship is crucially important to make SVC modeling more stable and, in doing so, adds flexibility. Here, the analytical properties of six SVC models are summarized in terms of their characterization of …
A comparison of migration behaviour in Japan and Britain using spatial interaction models
Several recent papers have compared the measurement of migration in different countries, and some have compared migration patterns to the extent that these can be compared cross‐nationally. In this paper we measure and comment on differences in the behaviour of migrants in two systems, Japan and Britain. In both countries the focus of attention is on interregional migration. Migration behaviour is measured in terms of elasticities of migration re…
Analytical Data Transformations in Space–Time Region
In this era of abundant space–time geographic information systems (GIS) data, one challenge in GIScience is to adapt and improve current GIS environments to facilitate new ways of space–time thinking and to fully exploit the information in these data. This article focuses on the use of spatiotemporal data transformations using the construct of a space–time cube, which is a space–time coordinate space with geographical horizontal axes and a tempor…
Moving up and down the urban hierarchy
This study aimed to understand the age‐specific internal migration patterns in Japan where more than a quarter of the population is aged ≥65 years and the national population is on the decline, focusing on the urban hierarchy. Demographic efficiency, which is the ratio of net to gross migration, was calculated for each migration flow between the levels of urban hierarchy in Japan based on the 2020 census. The results showed that the overall upwar…
Dog-walking in dense compact areas
There is a dearth of evidence about how high-density living may influence dog-walking behaviour. We examined associations between neighbourhood built environment attributes and dog-ownership and dog-walking behaviour in Japan. Data from 1058 participants were used. The dog-ownership was 18.8%. All neighbourhood built attributes (excluding availability of parks) were negatively associated with dog-ownership. Among dog-owners, these same attributes…
Japanese surname regions
Hierarchical Destination Choice and Spatial Interaction Modelling
A simulation experiment is proposed and undertaken to extend our understanding of the role of the competing destinations spatial interaction model in capturing the effects of hierarchical destination choice. In doing so, we make explicit the linkage between spatial choice behaviour at different levels of a spatial hierarchy. We also make explicit the way in which decisions made at one level of the hierarchy can lead to biased measurements of beha…
Urban Form Metrics for Promoting Walking
Strong, weak, or reversed
Virtual audits of streetscapes by crowdworkers
Audits have been used to provide objective ratings of neighborhood environments. Physical audits, however, are time- and resource-intensive. This study examines the efficiency and reliability of virtual auditing using Google Street View and crowdsourcing to conduct walkability audits of streets in Japan. Overall, 830 street segments were physically and virtually audited by two trained auditors; 300 untrained crowdworkers also virtually audited 3 …
Associations of Neighborhood Environmental Attributes with Walking in Japan
Educational inequalities in site-specific cancer mortality
Background Reports on socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality are limited in East Asia. We investigated educational inequalities in cancer mortality in Japan, serving as an advanced example of a nationwide census-based surveillance. Methods We developed a Japanese census-linked mortality dataset, using our unique linkage method. The dataset encompassed approximately 0.48 million cancer deaths linked to individual-level census data of 80 mi…
Revisiting public open space and physical activity
Associations between the traditional and novel neighbourhood built environment metrics and weight status among Canadian men and women
Urban design and Japanese older adults' depressive symptoms
Despite associations found between physical activity and depression, and the built environment and physical activity, there appears to be inconclusive evidence regarding the role of built environment attributes with preventing depression among the elderly. This is mainly because few studies exist on this topic. In addition, the majority of existing studies have been conducted in Western countries; and there is a dearth of studies in other regions…
Neighborhood contextual factors for smoking among middle-aged Japanese
Network-based spatial interpolation of commuting trajectories
An Information Statistical Approach to the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Incidence Rate Maps
The modifiable areal unit problem becomes apparent when incidence rates are mapped on the basis of areal units. Although small units with high spatial accuracy can present unreliable rates, large spatial units may remove relevant geographical variation. Regarding mapping as a kind of statistical modelling, this author proposes a new methodology to select appropriate areal units using the Akaike information criterion and two search methods for an …
Local spatial interaction modelling based on the geographically weighted regression approach
Hierarchical Destination Choice and Spatial Interaction Modelling
A simulation experiment is proposed and undertaken to extend our understanding of the role of the competing destinations spatial interaction model in capturing the effects of hierarchical destination choice. In doing so, we make explicit the linkage between spatial choice behaviour at different levels of a spatial hierarchy. We also make explicit the way in which decisions made at one level of the hierarchy can lead to biased measurements of beha…
A comparison of migration behaviour in Japan and Britain using spatial interaction models
Several recent papers have compared the measurement of migration in different countries, and some have compared migration patterns to the extent that these can be compared cross‐nationally. In this paper we measure and comment on differences in the behaviour of migrants in two systems, Japan and Britain. In both countries the focus of attention is on interregional migration. Migration behaviour is measured in terms of elasticities of migration re…
Geographically weighted Poisson regression for disease association mapping
This paper describes geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) and its semi-parametric variant as a new statistical tool for analysing disease maps arising from spatially non-stationary processes. The method is a type of conditional kernel regression which uses a spatial weighting function to estimate spatial variations in Poisson regression parameters. It enables us to draw surfaces of local parameter estimates which depict spatial varia…
Geographical inequalities of mortality by income in two developed island countries
Lost in Translation
This paper reports on a cross-cultural outreach activity of the current UK 'Spatial Literacy in Teaching' (SPLINT) Centre of Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETL), a past UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) grant, and shared interests in family names between Japanese and UK academics. It describes a pedagogic programme developed for Japanese postgraduates and advanced undergraduates that entailed quantitative and qualitative analy…
Geomorphology' of Population Health in Japan
Neighborhood built environment and physical activity of Japanese older adults
Our findings provide mixed support for the association between PA and the characteristics of BE measures, previously used in Western settings. Some characteristics of the neighborhood built environment may facilitate leisure time sports activity, but not increase the total walking time for Japanese older adults
Does walkable mean sociable? Neighborhood determinants of social capital among older adults in Japan
Income Inequalities in Japan and the UK
This article builds on recent work entitled The Spirit Level by Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett suggesting that Japan is one of the most harmonious affluent countries in the world, whereas the United Kingdom (UK) is one of the most unequal and hence disharmonious. In particular, the article revisits The Spirit Level evidence according to which Japan is a more equitable society in terms of income than any other industrialised country, but espec…
Network-based spatial interpolation of commuting trajectories
Analytical Data Transformations in Space–Time Region
In this era of abundant space–time geographic information systems (GIS) data, one challenge in GIScience is to adapt and improve current GIS environments to facilitate new ways of space–time thinking and to fully exploit the information in these data. This article focuses on the use of spatiotemporal data transformations using the construct of a space–time cube, which is a space–time coordinate space with geographical horizontal axes and a tempor…
Individualized and institutionalized residential place-based discrimination and self-rated health
Institutionalized PBD may be a more important environmental determinant of SRH than other area-level SES indicators such as deprivation. Although it may have a smaller health impact than individualized PBD, attention should be paid to invisible and unconscious aspects of institutionalized PBD to improve residents' health
Neighborhood contextual factors for smoking among middle-aged Japanese
Japanese surname regions
Perceived and Objective Measures of Neighborhood Walkability and Physical Activity among Adults in Japan
Although associations between a person's neighborhood and their health have been studied internationally, most studies have been limited to a few cities or towns. Therefore, we used a nationally representative sample to explore whether perceived and objective neighborhood walkability was associated with the physical activity of residents. Data were analyzed from the Japanese General Social Surveys of 2010 (n = 2395; 1114 men and 1281 women). Perc…
Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health, smoking, and physical activity of Japanese adults from 2000 to 2010
Health disparities in Japan are attracting increasing attention. Temporal trends in health disparities should be continuously monitored using multiple indices of socioeconomic status (SES) and health-related outcomes. We explored changes in socioeconomic differences in the health of Japanese adults during 2000–2010. The data was taken from the Japanese General Social Surveys, the cross-sectional surveys for nationally representative samples of Ja…
Heat-not-burn tobacco product use in Japan
A popular TV programme triggered IQOS diffusion in Japan. Extrapolating from survey results to the general population, around 3.1 million people currently use IQOS in Japan. Tobacco control organisations and governments should closely monitor HNB tobacco and consider how to regulate it
Associations of Neighborhood Environmental Attributes with Walking in Japan
Activity-Friendly Built Environments in a Super-Aged Society, Japan
There is a growing recognition of the role of built environment attributes, such as streets, shops, greenways, parks, and public transportation stations, in supporting people's active behaviors. In particular, surrounding built environments may have an important role in supporting healthy active aging. Nevertheless, little is known about how built environments may influence active lifestyles in "super-aged societies". More robust evidence-based r…
Physical Activity Environment and Japanese Adults’ Body Mass Index
Evidence about the impacts of the physical activity environment on adults' weight in the context of Asian countries is scarce. Likewise, no study exists in Asia examining whether Walk Score ® -a free online walkability tool-is related to obesity. This study aimed to examine associations between multiple physical activity environment measures and Walk Score ® ratings with Japanese adults' body mass index (BMI). Data from 1073 adults in the Healthy…
Objectively Measured Neighborhood Walkability and Change in Physical Activity in Older Japanese Adults
Objectives: This study investigated the longitudinal association between changes in older adults’ physical activity and neighborhood walkability measured by geographic information systems (GISs, (ArcGIS, ESRI Inc., Redlands, CA, USA)). Methods: A mail survey was conducted for Japanese older adults who were randomly selected from three different settlement types. Data on walking, total moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sociodemogr…
Virtual audits of streetscapes by crowdworkers
Audits have been used to provide objective ratings of neighborhood environments. Physical audits, however, are time- and resource-intensive. This study examines the efficiency and reliability of virtual auditing using Google Street View and crowdsourcing to conduct walkability audits of streets in Japan. Overall, 830 street segments were physically and virtually audited by two trained auditors; 300 untrained crowdworkers also virtually audited 3 …
Evidence for urban design and public health policy and practice
Geography (40 obras) · Medicine (34 obras) · Urban Transport and Accessibility (29 obras) · Demography (28 obras) · Environmental health (25 obras) · Sociology (25 obras) · Computer Science (22 obras) · Demography (19 obras) · Population (19 obras) · Built environment (18 obras)