Johann Louw
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 135237 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Johann Louw |
| NOMBRES | Johann |
| APELLIDO | Louw |
| FIRMA | LOUW J |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Cape Town |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4557-1996 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 43 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 60 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1981 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2019 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Building a mental hospital in apartheid South Africa
In April 1962, a new mental hospital was inaugurated in Belville, a town near Cape Town, South Africa. Stikland Mental Hospital was planned as mental health care was changing with the introduction of psychotropic drugs and renewed debates about deinstitutionalization-and as the South African legislature formalized the system known as "apartheid." This article focuses on this hospital, which embodied many global ideas about treatment and managemen…
Going against the grain
The institutionalisation of the United Nations Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) in business schools involves a normatively challenging change project. Drawing on the institutional work and emotional labour literatures, this paper reports on the findings of a qualitative study into the emotional labour that underpins the practices of PRME advocates in 24 UK business schools. While acknowledging institutional gains, findings h…
When There Are Only Minorities
Intergroup relation perspectives stem from research in Western contexts with clear distinctions between the dominant and nondominant groups. In South Africa, with at least 13 different cultural groups and 11 official languages, no group is dominant in all life spheres. We examine the relationship between identity and in-/out-group orientation across Black-Zulu, Coloured (mixed racial ancestry), Indian, and White-Afrikaans emerging adults ( N = 39…
Discussing peace psychology in South Africa
Political intolerance
This study investigated whether the perception of intergroup threat, and intergroup emotion, are related to political intolerance. One hundred and twenty three South African undergraduate students (females = 76%; males = 24%; White = 65%; Coloured = 24%; Indian = 8%; Chinese = 2%; mean age = 19.8, SD = 3.03 years) were randomly assigned to either a heightened (n = 68) or low intergroup threat condition (n = 55). Data on intergroup threat, intergr…
Remembrance of Willem van Hoorn (1939–2014)
Psychology in the 2011 South African census
The database of the 2011 South African census results provides an additional source of data to understand psychology education in South Africa. Despite the limitations of the data, the emerging picture is a familiar one: Those reporting psychology as a primary field of education tend to be concentrated in urban areas and are mostly White and female. In addition, census respondents are mostly Afrikaans-speaking or English-speaking and earn reasona…
Improving the Counselling Skills of Lay Counsellors in Antiretroviral Adherence Settings
Historical–psychological reflections on emotion and human subjectivity
The changeability of human beings over time is the central theme of this article. Emotion in Western society, in particular grief, is selected to provide a case history of mental change over a long time period. Two historical examples are examined: from Greek Antiquity, a scene from Homer’s Iliad, and from around 90 ce, a consolation letter written by Plutarch to his wife. These are contrasted to modern-day psychological advice given to grieving …
From Research to Practice
Meaning-Making After Neonatal Death
The death of a neonate can be traumatic for mothers, resulting in profound grief which ruptures their sense of coherence and identity. A narrative approach was used to explore how six Xhosa-speaking women tell stories about the death of their baby to help them understand the significance of the loss. They struggled to establish a sense of their baby as a person to be mourned, to redefine their own identity, and to find reasons for the death. Thei…
Playing games
The rise in new communication technologies makes anonymous interactions increasingly possible, extending the possibilities for understanding the effects of anonymity on the behaviour of individuals. Theories of deindividuation and dehumanisation propose that anonymity will automatically lead to aggressive and antisocial behaviour, while the Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects adds that the social environment can mediate this effect. …
A quasi-experimental comparison of spreadsheet- and classroom-based statistics tutorials
This article reports an evaluation of a set of eight spreadsheet-based tutorials developed for the statistics portion of an undergraduate psychology research methods course. The evaluation involved a quasi-experimental comparison of spreadsheet-based and traditional classroom teaching methods in a course that gave equal teaching time to both solutions, and took the unique approach of investigating both outcomes-based and attitudinal measures in t…
It’s Important to Take Your Medication Everyday Okay?” An Evaluation of Counselling by Lay Counsellors for ARV Adherence Support in the Western Cape, South Africa
Behaviour Change Counselling for ARV Adherence Support Within Primary Health Care Facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa
Perceptions of Organizational Functioning in Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities in South Africa
Registered Counsellors and Professional Work in South African Psychology
All registered counsellors on the database of the Professional Board for Psychology of the Health Professions Council of South Africa were surveyed to establish their demographic characteristics and the nature of their employment. A relatively low number of counsellors (N = 256) have registered since the creation of the category “registered counsellor”, and not many register each year. Responses were from 82 counsellors (response rate 32.8%). Of …
The Psychological Effects of Solitary Confinement
Solitary confinement has a long and appalling history in South Africa, since its introduction in the 1950s. The general history of the relationship between psychology and law in this country tends to overlook the way in which solitary confinement under the so-called 90-day Act provided an early instance of psychological expertise being called upon in legal trials. Two psychologists in particular, Ronald Albino at the University of Natal and Kurt …
Eating Attitudes and Behaviours in South African Adolescents and Young Adults
We examined the presence and severity of disordered eating attitudes and behaviours in a group of 895 South Africans. The Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE) and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE), were administered to high-school and college students (515 White, 126 Black, and 254 'Coloured'). There were few differences between these three groups on measures of eating disorder pathology and self-…
Prejudice and Social Contact in South Africa
In this article the relationship between intergroup contact and racial prejudice in formerly segregated schools in Cape Town, South Africa, is investigated. A total of 1 119 black African, coloured, Afrikaans-speaking and English-speaking white learners were surveyed, using three measures of intergroup prejudice, a self-report intergroup contact measure and a racial identification scale. In general, quality of contact with individuals of other ra…
The Meaning of ?Self-Starvation? in Impoverished Black Adolescents in South Africa
Learning Environment, Motivation and Interest
The relationship between university students' motivation and their learning environment is the focus of this article. Following self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of interest, it is proposed that perceived support of basic psychological needs (support of autonomy, competence and social relatedness), as well as aspects of a constructivist learning environment (teachers' interest, relevance of contents, and quality of instruction, as we…
History of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS)
Psychology, History, and Society
Psychology, in particular clinical Psychology, has experienced strong growth in the twentieth century. This growth has been the strongest in industrialised, urbanised democracies, and as a result, the discipline has come under criticism for its Western bias. While not denying the possibility of such bias, this paper argues that an historical analysis provides a more thoroughgoing explanation for what has happened in the relationship between Psych…
An English asylum in Africa
Prejudice and Social Contact in South Africa
In this article the relationship between intergroup contact and racial prejudice in formerly segregated schools in Cape Town, South Africa, is investigated. A total of 1 119 black African, coloured, Afrikaans-speaking and English-speaking white learners were surveyed, using three measures of intergroup prejudice, a self-report intergroup contact measure and a racial identification scale. In general, quality of contact with individuals of other ra…
Psychology, History, and Society
Psychology, in particular clinical Psychology, has experienced strong growth in the twentieth century. This growth has been the strongest in industrialised, urbanised democracies, and as a result, the discipline has come under criticism for its Western bias. While not denying the possibility of such bias, this paper argues that an historical analysis provides a more thoroughgoing explanation for what has happened in the relationship between Psych…
Registered Counsellors and Professional Work in South African Psychology
All registered counsellors on the database of the Professional Board for Psychology of the Health Professions Council of South Africa were surveyed to establish their demographic characteristics and the nature of their employment. A relatively low number of counsellors (N = 256) have registered since the creation of the category “registered counsellor”, and not many register each year. Responses were from 82 counsellors (response rate 32.8%). Of …
The International Union of Psychological Science and the politics of membership
This article examines the origins and the development of psychological associations in the German Democratic Republic and the Republic of South Africa and the ways membership in the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS)--founded in 1951--figured in the process. The political regimes in these 2 countries had difficulties of their own in achieving a standing in the international community and, as a result, psychologists faced signif…
World War II, Industry, and the Professionalization of South African Psychology
Two institutions were created in South Africa during the Second World War, which significantly influenced the development of South African psychology. These were the Personnel Research Section of the Leather Industries Research Institute, and the Aptitude Tests Section of the South African Air Force. It is argued that this formed a significant advance in the professionalization of psychology in this country, as it institutionalized psychology as …
An English asylum in Africa
Achievement-Related Causal Attributions
Students from three South African universities, representing three ethnic groups, gave their own explanations of their perceived success or failure on a class test, and rated the importance of causal attributions derived from previous studies. Effort, academic skills, and understanding emerged as important explanations of success or failure on the open-ended section of the questionnaire. Further analyses failed to support Weiner's (1979) categori…
Learning Environment, Motivation and Interest
The relationship between university students' motivation and their learning environment is the focus of this article. Following self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of interest, it is proposed that perceived support of basic psychological needs (support of autonomy, competence and social relatedness), as well as aspects of a constructivist learning environment (teachers' interest, relevance of contents, and quality of instruction, as we…
History of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS)
Ideology and utopia revisited
Building a mental hospital in apartheid South Africa
In April 1962, a new mental hospital was inaugurated in Belville, a town near Cape Town, South Africa. Stikland Mental Hospital was planned as mental health care was changing with the introduction of psychotropic drugs and renewed debates about deinstitutionalization-and as the South African legislature formalized the system known as "apartheid." This article focuses on this hospital, which embodied many global ideas about treatment and managemen…
Going against the grain
The institutionalisation of the United Nations Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) in business schools involves a normatively challenging change project. Drawing on the institutional work and emotional labour literatures, this paper reports on the findings of a qualitative study into the emotional labour that underpins the practices of PRME advocates in 24 UK business schools. While acknowledging institutional gains, findings h…
Meaning-Making After Neonatal Death
The death of a neonate can be traumatic for mothers, resulting in profound grief which ruptures their sense of coherence and identity. A narrative approach was used to explore how six Xhosa-speaking women tell stories about the death of their baby to help them understand the significance of the loss. They struggled to establish a sense of their baby as a person to be mourned, to redefine their own identity, and to find reasons for the death. Thei…
Playing games
The rise in new communication technologies makes anonymous interactions increasingly possible, extending the possibilities for understanding the effects of anonymity on the behaviour of individuals. Theories of deindividuation and dehumanisation propose that anonymity will automatically lead to aggressive and antisocial behaviour, while the Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects adds that the social environment can mediate this effect. …
The Psychological Effects of Solitary Confinement
Solitary confinement has a long and appalling history in South Africa, since its introduction in the 1950s. The general history of the relationship between psychology and law in this country tends to overlook the way in which solitary confinement under the so-called 90-day Act provided an early instance of psychological expertise being called upon in legal trials. Two psychologists in particular, Ronald Albino at the University of Natal and Kurt …
Eating Attitudes and Behaviours in South African Adolescents and Young Adults
We examined the presence and severity of disordered eating attitudes and behaviours in a group of 895 South Africans. The Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE) and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE), were administered to high-school and college students (515 White, 126 Black, and 254 'Coloured'). There were few differences between these three groups on measures of eating disorder pathology and self-…
An English asylum in Africa
The authors explore the use of space within and outside the buildings of Valkenberg, a Cape Colonial asylum. Valkenberg's design was conditioned by a complex interplay of factors: the way insanity itself was viewed by the colonial government, developments in medical knowledge, social-economic relations in the colonial setting, and practical forms of treatment. The internal structuring of space within the building, and the way the building was sit…
Regulating Professional Conduct Part II
In the second paper on the regulation of professional conduct the functioning of the Professional Board of Psychology with regard to ethical complaints and enquiries is examined. A relatively low number of complaints was lodged in the period 1974 to 1990, with 23 findings of guilt established. Complaints involving fees or accounts predominated, with advertising an important second category. Advertising complaints mostly were submitted by psycholo…
Ideology and utopia revisited
Explanations for unemployment by a group of employed whites in South Africa
In this study attributions for unemployment as a function of voting pattern and religious affiliation were examined. The attributions were provided by employed high-level managers, professionals, and executives. The five target groups of unemployed were South Africans in general, black and white working class, and black and white middle class. The results showed that voting pattern and religious affiliation influenced attributions for unemploymen…
Explanations for unemployment by a group of employed whites in South Africa
In this study attributions for unemployment as a function of voting pattern and religious affiliation were examined. The attributions were provided by employed high-level managers, professionals, and executives. The five target groups of unemployed were South Africans in general, black and white working class, and black and white middle class. The results showed that voting pattern and religious affiliation influenced attributions for unemploymen…
Achievement-Related Causal Attributions
Students from three South African universities, representing three ethnic groups, gave their own explanations of their perceived success or failure on a class test, and rated the importance of causal attributions derived from previous studies. Effort, academic skills, and understanding emerged as important explanations of success or failure on the open-ended section of the questionnaire. Further analyses failed to support Weiner's (1979) categori…
World War II, Industry, and the Professionalization of South African Psychology
Two institutions were created in South Africa during the Second World War, which significantly influenced the development of South African psychology. These were the Personnel Research Section of the Leather Industries Research Institute, and the Aptitude Tests Section of the South African Air Force. It is argued that this formed a significant advance in the professionalization of psychology in this country, as it institutionalized psychology as …
From separation to division
In June 1962 the South African Psychological Association lost a substantial number of its members when a rival psychological association was formed. The events that culminated in this split within the ranks of South African psychologists are described. It is argued that the division occurred over the question of whether blacks should be allowed as members of the organization, thus making the South African race issue and the feasibility of aparthe…
Thoughts about Death and Dying in an African Sample
The attitudes toward death and dying of 163 Xhosa-speaking respondents living in Transkei, South Africa were assessed by means of semi-structured interviews. Eight aspects of death were studied: personal death, death of others, the right to know about one's impending death, preferred length of life span, preferences for manner of dying, and place of death, euthanasia, and suicide. A number of critical factors in the formation of attitudes were re…
Constructing the Subject
Thirty-three journal articles reporting empirical findings published by South African psychologists before 1939 were examined to establish the dominant research models of the time. Danziger's study provided the initial impetus as well as methodological guidelines. Findings indicate that three models of research were present, but that one, the Galtonian form of experimentation, soon dominated the field. One possible explanation is to be found in t…
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and the Personal Construction of Self
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) has attracted a great deal of media attention in recent years, much of it unfavourable. Despite increasing evidence that ME may have a viral, immunological, or neurological aetiology, this publicity has led to people with ME experiencing negative reactions from many medical doctors and lay-people, who have regarded them as depressed at best and malingerers at worst. Two questions are examined in this article: What i…
The emergence of psychological themes in the South African Medical Journal , 1927–1975
The articles published in the South African Medical Journal between 1927 and 1975 were examined for the presence of psychological and psychiatric themes. Two hundred and seventy-seven articles and editorials were identified and analysed. The relative space allocated to issues psychological remained quite stable at low levels in the period under investigation. The following themes are discussed: psychopathology and treatment, psychoneuroses, psych…
Social Context and Psychological Testing in South Africa, 1918-1939
In the period between the two world wars the social and human sciences in South Africa became important contributors to the debates about vital social issues, of which `the Native question' was a particularly pressing one. Psychological knowledge, too, was utilized in the legitimation of a social order based on race, since the perception was that psychological testing produced empirical data which supported certain explanations of this order. Two…
Psychology, conflict, and peace in South Africa
Three historical developments in the history of South African psychology are examined in this article, in the light of an analytical framework that stresses the multiple origins of psychology, its
Regulating Professional Conduct Part II
In the second paper on the regulation of professional conduct the functioning of the Professional Board of Psychology with regard to ethical complaints and enquiries is examined. A relatively low number of complaints was lodged in the period 1974 to 1990, with 23 findings of guilt established. Complaints involving fees or accounts predominated, with advertising an important second category. Advertising complaints mostly were submitted by psycholo…
Regulating Professional Conduct Part I
This article provides a brief history of the development of codes of ethics in two South African psychological associations. It also examines the patterns of complaints and enquiries forwarded to the ethics committees of these associations. Concerns about advertising dominated in a relatively low total number of complaints and enquiries over the years. Most of the complaints were lodged by psychologists themselves. The development of a code of et…
Culture and Self in South Africa
People from collectivist cultures may have more concrete and interdependent self-concepts than do people from individualist cultures (G. Hofstede, 1980). African cultures are considered collectivist (H. C. Triandis, 1989), but research on self-concept and culture has neglected this continent. The authors attempted a partial replication in an African context of cross-cultural findings on the abstract-concrete and independent-interdependent dimensi…
An English asylum in Africa
An English asylum in Africa
The authors explore the use of space within and outside the buildings of Valkenberg, a Cape Colonial asylum. Valkenberg's design was conditioned by a complex interplay of factors: the way insanity itself was viewed by the colonial government, developments in medical knowledge, social-economic relations in the colonial setting, and practical forms of treatment. The internal structuring of space within the building, and the way the building was sit…
The International Union of Psychological Science and the politics of membership
The International Union of Psychological Science and the politics of membership
This article examines the origins and the development of psychological associations in the German Democratic Republic and the Republic of South Africa and the ways membership in the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS)--founded in 1951--figured in the process. The political regimes in these 2 countries had difficulties of their own in achieving a standing in the international community and, as a result, psychologists faced signif…
Psychology, History, and Society
Psychology, in particular clinical Psychology, has experienced strong growth in the twentieth century. This growth has been the strongest in industrialised, urbanised democracies, and as a result, the discipline has come under criticism for its Western bias. While not denying the possibility of such bias, this paper argues that an historical analysis provides a more thoroughgoing explanation for what has happened in the relationship between Psych…
History of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS)
The Meaning of ?Self-Starvation? in Impoverished Black Adolescents in South Africa
Learning Environment, Motivation and Interest
The relationship between university students' motivation and their learning environment is the focus of this article. Following self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of interest, it is proposed that perceived support of basic psychological needs (support of autonomy, competence and social relatedness), as well as aspects of a constructivist learning environment (teachers' interest, relevance of contents, and quality of instruction, as we…
Prejudice and Social Contact in South Africa
In this article the relationship between intergroup contact and racial prejudice in formerly segregated schools in Cape Town, South Africa, is investigated. A total of 1 119 black African, coloured, Afrikaans-speaking and English-speaking white learners were surveyed, using three measures of intergroup prejudice, a self-report intergroup contact measure and a racial identification scale. In general, quality of contact with individuals of other ra…
Eating Attitudes and Behaviours in South African Adolescents and Young Adults
We examined the presence and severity of disordered eating attitudes and behaviours in a group of 895 South Africans. The Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE) and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE), were administered to high-school and college students (515 White, 126 Black, and 254 'Coloured'). There were few differences between these three groups on measures of eating disorder pathology and self-…
Psychology (38 obras) · Sociology (21 obras) · Political science (20 obras) · Social Psychology (20 obras) · Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology (12 obras) · Social science (11 obras) · Medicine (9 obras) · Educational and Psychological Assessments (8 obras) · Law (8 obras) · Social Psychology (8 obras)