Sheina Orbell
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1359641 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Sheina Orbell |
| NOMBRES | Sheina |
| APELLIDO | Orbell |
| FIRMA | ORBELL S |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Essex |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8665-3541 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 37 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 123 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1993 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
A Green and Pleasant Helping Hand – Examining the Phenomenological Effects of Outdoor Recreational Experiences on Military Veterans With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
This article presents qualitative findings from interviews with participants in an outdoor activity programme aimed at assisting them to alleviate symptoms of military-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Aside from exploring if and how participants felt the programme helped them manage their PTSD symptoms, the study also sought to identify factors that may help to inform future programme development. Thematic analysis of transcripts dr…
A green, connected future Britain
Developing habit-based health behaviour change interventions
OBJECTIVE: Habitual behaviours are triggered automatically, with little conscious forethought. Theory suggests that making healthy behaviours habitual, and breaking the habits that underpin many ingrained unhealthy behaviours, promotes long-term behaviour change. This has prompted interest in incorporating habit formation and disruption strategies into behaviour change interventions. Yet, notable research gaps limit understanding of how to harnes…
The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Contribution of Local Green Space and Nature Connection to Mental Health
Survey responses from 877 UK residents were included in the analyses. Independent t -tests revealed significant declines in mental health scores during the pandemic. After controlling for age and gender, greater nature connection significantly predicted lower depression and stress and improved well-being. Percentage of green space did not significantly predict any mental health outcomes. Further, time point (pre- or during COVID) and the interact…
Attitudes, Habits, and Behavior Change
Efforts to guide peoples’ behavior toward environmental sustainability, good health, or new products have emphasized informational and attitude change strategies. There is evidence that changing attitudes leads to changes in behavior, yet this approach takes insufficient account of the nature and operation of habits, which form boundary conditions for attitude-directed interventions. Integration of research on attitudes and habits might enable in…
Differences between decisions made using verbal or numerical quantifiers
Past research suggests that people process verbal quantifiers differently from numerical ones, but this suggestion has yet to be formally tested. Drawing from traditional correlates of dual-process theories, we investigated whether people process verbal quantifiers faster, less accurately, and with less subjective effort than numerical quantifiers. In two pre-registered experiments, participants decided whether a quantity (either verbal or numeri…
Effect of information on reducing inappropriate expectations and requests for antibiotics
People often expect antibiotics when they are clinically inappropriate (e.g., for viral infections). This contributes significantly to physicians' decisions to prescribe antibiotics when they are clinically inappropriate, causing harm to the individual and to society. In two pre-registered studies employing UK general population samples (n1 = 402; n2 = 190), we evaluated the relationship between knowledge and beliefs with antibiotic expectations,…
The contribution of a negative colorectal screening test result to symptom appraisal and help‐seeking behaviour among patients subsequently diagnosed with an interval colorectal cancer
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes using a guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBt) reduce CRC mortality. Interval cancers are diagnosed between screening rounds: reassurance from a negative gFOBt has the potential to influence the pathway to diagnosis of an interval colorectal cancer. METHODS: Twenty-six semi-structured face-to-face interviews were carried out in Scotland and England, with individuals diagnosed with an inter…
Gender nonconformity of identical twins with discordant sexual orientations
Childhood gender nonconformity (femininity in males, masculinity in females) predicts a nonstraight (gay, lesbian, or bisexual) sexual orientation in adulthood. In previous work, nonstraight twins reported more childhood gender nonconformity than their genetically identical, but straight, cotwins. However, self-reports could be biased. We therefore assessed gender nonconformity via ratings of photographs from childhood and adulthood. These rating…
Finger Length Ratios of Identical Twins with Discordant Sexual Orientations
Understanding of a negative bowel screening result and potential impact on future symptom appraisal and help‐seeking behaviour
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using a faecal occult blood test (FOBt) has the potential to reduce cancer-related mortality. Symptom vigilance remains crucial as a proportion of cancers will be diagnosed between screening rounds. A negative FOBt has the potential to influence how participants respond to future symptoms of CRC. OBJECTIVE: To explore (i) understanding of a negative FOBt and (ii) the potential impact of a negative FOB…
The common sense model of self-regulation
According to the common-sense model of self-regulation, individuals form lay representations of illnesses that guide coping procedures to manage illness threat. We meta-analyzed studies adopting the model to (a) examine the intercorrelations among illness representation dimensions, coping strategies, and illness outcomes; (b) test the sufficiency of a process model in which relations between illness representations and outcomes were mediated by c…
The Role of Habit and Perceived Control on Health Behavior among Pregnant Women
Findings highlight the influence of habit on behavior and suggest that automaticity interventions may be useful in changing health behaviors during pregnancy
The automatic component of habit in health behavior
OBJECTIVE: Habit might be usefully characterized as a form of automaticity that involves the association of a cue and a response. Three studies examined habitual automaticity in regard to different aspects of the cue-response relationship characteristic of unhealthy and healthy habits. DESIGN, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES, AND RESULTS: In each study, habitual automaticity was assessed by the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI). In Study 1 SRHI scores correla…
Illness representations and coping following an abnormal colorectal cancer screening result
Prospective Research in Health Service Settings
Health service providers sometimes express concern about the impact of prospective survey research upon patient behaviour. To date, there is little available evidence from which to estimate the likelihood of any 'Hawthorne' effect on patient behaviour in health service settings. We analysed data from one of our own surveys to investigate whether inviting people to participate in research had any impact on their subsequent uptake of a screening se…
Reflections on Past Behavior
We argue that habit is a psychological construct, rather than simply past behavioral frequency. In 4 studies, a 12‐item index of habit strength (the Self‐Report Habit Index, SRHI) was developed on the basis of features of habit; that is, a history of repetition, automaticity (lack of control and awareness, efficiency), and expressing identity. High internal and test‐retest reliabilities were found. The SRHI correlated strongly with past behaviora…
A Meta-Analytic Review of the Common-Sense Model of Illness Representations
A meta-analysis of empirical studies ( N = 45) adopting Leventhal, Meyer and Nerenz's (1980) Common Sense Model (CSM) of illness representations is presented. The average corrected intercorrelation matrix for the sample of studies showed that the CSM illness cognition dimensions of consequences, control/cure, identity and timeline followed a logical pattern supporting their construct and discriminant validity across illness types. A content analy…
Combining motivational and volitional interventions to promote exercise participation
Objective: This study compared a motivational intervention based on protection motivation theory (PMT, Rogers, 1975, 1983) with the same motivational intervention augmented by a volitional intervention based on implementation intentions (Gollwitzer, 1993). Design: The study had a longitudinal design, involving three waves of data collection over a 2‐week period, incorporating an experimental manipulation of PMT variables at Time 1 and a volitiona…
Prediction and Intervention in Health‐Related Behavior
Protection motivation theory (PMT) was introduced by Rogers in 1975 and has since been widely adopted as a framework for the prediction of and intervention in health‐related behavior. However. PMT remains the only major cognitive model of behavior not to have been the subject of a meta‐analytic review. A quantitative review of PMT is important to assess its overall utility as a predictive model and to establish which of its variables would be mos…
Self-schemas and the theory of planned behaviour
This paper argues that empirical, conceptual, and statistical difficulties characterise previous demonstrations that self-schemas moderate the relationship between intentions and behaviour. A longitudinal study (n=163) was designed to overcome limitations of previous research. Theory of planned behaviour variables, past behaviour, and self-schemas were assessed in relation to exercise. Behaviour was followed up two weeks later. Findings showed th…
Augmenting the Theory of Planned Behavior
Ajzen (1991) invited researchers to identify additional predictors of intentions and behavior after the effects of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control from the theory of planned behavior (TPB) have been taken into account. Findings from 3 correlational studies showed that anticipated regret and descriptive norms contributed substantial variance in intentions to play the lottery after the theory's predictors had been cont…
Evidence that intentions based on attitudes better predict behaviour than intentions based on subjective norms
Self-determination theory suggests that better prediction of behaviour will be observed from intentions based on attitudes than intentions based on subjective norms. Analyses of the intention–behavior relationship for both attitudinally versus normatively controlled people and attitudinally versus normatively controlled behaviours supported this hypothesis. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation intentions and repeated behaviour
Two experiments based upon Gollwitzer's (1993) concept of implementation intentions are described. In both experiments, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intentions from Ajzen's (1991) theory of planned behaviour were used to measure participants' motivation prior to an intervention in which participants made implementation intentions specifying where and when they would take a vitamin C pill each day. Behaviours were…
The Role of Social-Cognitive Research in Informal Care
In this article I aim to outline the ways in which psychological research, and in particular, a social-cognitive approach, can make a meaningful contribution to the development of public policy and health and community care practice
Psychosocial correlates of heterosexual condom use
Despite increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS, there has been no systematic review of correlates of condom use among heterosexual samples. To rectify this, the present study used meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between psychosocial variables and self-reported condom use. Six hundred sixty correlations distributed across 44 variables were derived from 121 empirical studies. Variables were organized in terms of the labeling, commitment, and e…
The common sense model of self-regulation
According to the common-sense model of self-regulation, individuals form lay representations of illnesses that guide coping procedures to manage illness threat. We meta-analyzed studies adopting the model to (a) examine the intercorrelations among illness representation dimensions, coping strategies, and illness outcomes; (b) test the sufficiency of a process model in which relations between illness representations and outcomes were mediated by c…
Gender nonconformity of identical twins with discordant sexual orientations
Childhood gender nonconformity (femininity in males, masculinity in females) predicts a nonstraight (gay, lesbian, or bisexual) sexual orientation in adulthood. In previous work, nonstraight twins reported more childhood gender nonconformity than their genetically identical, but straight, cotwins. However, self-reports could be biased. We therefore assessed gender nonconformity via ratings of photographs from childhood and adulthood. These rating…
Illness representations and coping following an abnormal colorectal cancer screening result
Measuring the impact of informal caring
A factor‐analysis of caregiving impact appraisals amongst a community‐derived sample of informal carers of elderly people revealed two negative (care work strain and relationship dissatisfaction) and two positive (care work satisfaction and care lifestyle satisfaction) scales. Validity was assessed by means of concurrent correlations with levels of assistance with daily living tasks provided by carers and levels of behaviour problems exhibited by…
Cognitive representations of illness and functional and affective adjustment following surgery for osteoarthritis
Finger Length Ratios of Identical Twins with Discordant Sexual Orientations
Prospective Research in Health Service Settings
Health service providers sometimes express concern about the impact of prospective survey research upon patient behaviour. To date, there is little available evidence from which to estimate the likelihood of any 'Hawthorne' effect on patient behaviour in health service settings. We analysed data from one of our own surveys to investigate whether inviting people to participate in research had any impact on their subsequent uptake of a screening se…
Cognition and affect after cervical screening
Health benefits of joint replacement surgery for patients with osteoarthritis
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine extent of change in psychological, functional, and social health after knee and hip joint replacement surgery using independent assessments. DESIGN: Patients were recruited before surgery and interviewed preoperatively, three months after surgery, and nine months after surgery. Interviews were conducted in the patients' own homes. SETTING: Two orthopaedic surgery units in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: A consecutive sample…
Cervical screening
OBJECTIVE--To investigate the numbers of visits required to obtain interviews with users and non-users of cervical screening, and to determine the workload involved to enable an optimum visit plan to be developed. DESIGN--Case-control study of users and non-users of cervical screening using a flexible visit plan that involved up to eight attempts at contact. Visits were made in mornings, afternoons, and evenings, the visit pattern being determine…
Effect of information on reducing inappropriate expectations and requests for antibiotics
People often expect antibiotics when they are clinically inappropriate (e.g., for viral infections). This contributes significantly to physicians' decisions to prescribe antibiotics when they are clinically inappropriate, causing harm to the individual and to society. In two pre-registered studies employing UK general population samples (n1 = 402; n2 = 190), we evaluated the relationship between knowledge and beliefs with antibiotic expectations,…
The Role of Social-Cognitive Research in Informal Care
In this article I aim to outline the ways in which psychological research, and in particular, a social-cognitive approach, can make a meaningful contribution to the development of public policy and health and community care practice
Conceptual and methodological issues in care research
Reply to Ungerson
Measuring the impact of informal caring
A factor‐analysis of caregiving impact appraisals amongst a community‐derived sample of informal carers of elderly people revealed two negative (care work strain and relationship dissatisfaction) and two positive (care work satisfaction and care lifestyle satisfaction) scales. Validity was assessed by means of concurrent correlations with levels of assistance with daily living tasks provided by carers and levels of behaviour problems exhibited by…
Integrating sociological and psychological perspectives on informal care
In this response to Ungerson we present evidence to support the respresentativeness of the sample and argue that the exclusion of ‘minimal’ carers from caregiving research is not justified. Ungerson's arguments for the consideration of large scale social processes are addressed by examining the role of gender as a determinant or moderator of care outcomes. No support was found for a model in which care work satisfaction mediated associations betw…
Cervical screening
OBJECTIVE--To investigate the numbers of visits required to obtain interviews with users and non-users of cervical screening, and to determine the workload involved to enable an optimum visit plan to be developed. DESIGN--Case-control study of users and non-users of cervical screening using a flexible visit plan that involved up to eight attempts at contact. Visits were made in mornings, afternoons, and evenings, the visit pattern being determine…
Cognition and affect after cervical screening
Implementation Intentions and the Theory of Planned Behavior
This study concerns the implications of Peter Gollwitzer's concept of implementation intentions for Icek Ajzen's theory of planned behavior. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intentions were assessed before an intervention that required subjects to make implementation intentions concerning when and where they would perform breast self-examination during the next month. Behavior was assessed by self-report 1 month later.…
Do intentions predict condom use? Metaanalysis and examination of six moderator variables
This study used meta‐analysis to quantify the relationship between intentions and behaviour in prospective studies of condom use. The effects of six moderator variables were also examined: sexual orientation, gender, sample age, time interval, intention versus expectation and condom use with ‘steady’ versus ‘casual’ partners. Literature searches revealed 28 hypotheses based on a total sample of 2532 which could be included in the review. Overall,…
‘Inclined abstainers’
A longitudinal test of the association between motivation to undertake a precautionary health action and subsequent behaviour was conducted on women's uptake of the cervical screening test. A sample of never-screened women (N = 166) completed measures derived from protection-motivation theory (PMT; Rogers, 1983). One year later, screening uptake was reliably determined from medical records. While regression analyses demonstrated that PMT variable…
Can social cognitive models contribute to the effectiveness of HIV‐preventive behavioural interventions? A brief review of the literature and a reply to Joffe (1996; 1997) and Fife‐Schaw (1997)
A recent debate in the British Journal of Medical Psychology has considered the role of social cognitive models, such as the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behaviour, in understanding HIV‐preventive behaviour. In this paper we clarify some of the assumptions involved in applications of social cognitive models. We briefly review available evidence on the capacity of such models to predict HIV‐preventive sexual behaviour and ou…
Health benefits of joint replacement surgery for patients with osteoarthritis
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine extent of change in psychological, functional, and social health after knee and hip joint replacement surgery using independent assessments. DESIGN: Patients were recruited before surgery and interviewed preoperatively, three months after surgery, and nine months after surgery. Interviews were conducted in the patients' own homes. SETTING: Two orthopaedic surgery units in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: A consecutive sample…
Cognitive representations of illness and functional and affective adjustment following surgery for osteoarthritis
Augmenting the Theory of Planned Behavior
Ajzen (1991) invited researchers to identify additional predictors of intentions and behavior after the effects of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control from the theory of planned behavior (TPB) have been taken into account. Findings from 3 correlational studies showed that anticipated regret and descriptive norms contributed substantial variance in intentions to play the lottery after the theory's predictors had been cont…
Evidence that intentions based on attitudes better predict behaviour than intentions based on subjective norms
Self-determination theory suggests that better prediction of behaviour will be observed from intentions based on attitudes than intentions based on subjective norms. Analyses of the intention–behavior relationship for both attitudinally versus normatively controlled people and attitudinally versus normatively controlled behaviours supported this hypothesis. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation intentions and repeated behaviour
Two experiments based upon Gollwitzer's (1993) concept of implementation intentions are described. In both experiments, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intentions from Ajzen's (1991) theory of planned behaviour were used to measure participants' motivation prior to an intervention in which participants made implementation intentions specifying where and when they would take a vitamin C pill each day. Behaviours were…
The Role of Social-Cognitive Research in Informal Care
In this article I aim to outline the ways in which psychological research, and in particular, a social-cognitive approach, can make a meaningful contribution to the development of public policy and health and community care practice
Psychosocial correlates of heterosexual condom use
Despite increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS, there has been no systematic review of correlates of condom use among heterosexual samples. To rectify this, the present study used meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between psychosocial variables and self-reported condom use. Six hundred sixty correlations distributed across 44 variables were derived from 121 empirical studies. Variables were organized in terms of the labeling, commitment, and e…
Prediction and Intervention in Health‐Related Behavior
Protection motivation theory (PMT) was introduced by Rogers in 1975 and has since been widely adopted as a framework for the prediction of and intervention in health‐related behavior. However. PMT remains the only major cognitive model of behavior not to have been the subject of a meta‐analytic review. A quantitative review of PMT is important to assess its overall utility as a predictive model and to establish which of its variables would be mos…
Self-schemas and the theory of planned behaviour
This paper argues that empirical, conceptual, and statistical difficulties characterise previous demonstrations that self-schemas moderate the relationship between intentions and behaviour. A longitudinal study (n=163) was designed to overcome limitations of previous research. Theory of planned behaviour variables, past behaviour, and self-schemas were assessed in relation to exercise. Behaviour was followed up two weeks later. Findings showed th…
Combining motivational and volitional interventions to promote exercise participation
Objective: This study compared a motivational intervention based on protection motivation theory (PMT, Rogers, 1975, 1983) with the same motivational intervention augmented by a volitional intervention based on implementation intentions (Gollwitzer, 1993). Design: The study had a longitudinal design, involving three waves of data collection over a 2‐week period, incorporating an experimental manipulation of PMT variables at Time 1 and a volitiona…
Reflections on Past Behavior
We argue that habit is a psychological construct, rather than simply past behavioral frequency. In 4 studies, a 12‐item index of habit strength (the Self‐Report Habit Index, SRHI) was developed on the basis of features of habit; that is, a history of repetition, automaticity (lack of control and awareness, efficiency), and expressing identity. High internal and test‐retest reliabilities were found. The SRHI correlated strongly with past behaviora…
A Meta-Analytic Review of the Common-Sense Model of Illness Representations
A meta-analysis of empirical studies ( N = 45) adopting Leventhal, Meyer and Nerenz's (1980) Common Sense Model (CSM) of illness representations is presented. The average corrected intercorrelation matrix for the sample of studies showed that the CSM illness cognition dimensions of consequences, control/cure, identity and timeline followed a logical pattern supporting their construct and discriminant validity across illness types. A content analy…
Prospective Research in Health Service Settings
Health service providers sometimes express concern about the impact of prospective survey research upon patient behaviour. To date, there is little available evidence from which to estimate the likelihood of any 'Hawthorne' effect on patient behaviour in health service settings. We analysed data from one of our own surveys to investigate whether inviting people to participate in research had any impact on their subsequent uptake of a screening se…
Illness representations and coping following an abnormal colorectal cancer screening result
The automatic component of habit in health behavior
OBJECTIVE: Habit might be usefully characterized as a form of automaticity that involves the association of a cue and a response. Three studies examined habitual automaticity in regard to different aspects of the cue-response relationship characteristic of unhealthy and healthy habits. DESIGN, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES, AND RESULTS: In each study, habitual automaticity was assessed by the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI). In Study 1 SRHI scores correla…
The Role of Habit and Perceived Control on Health Behavior among Pregnant Women
Findings highlight the influence of habit on behavior and suggest that automaticity interventions may be useful in changing health behaviors during pregnancy
Psychology (33 obras) · Social Psychology (24 obras) · Medicine (20 obras) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (17 obras) · Clinical Psychology (13 obras) · Developmental psychology (13 obras) · Psychiatry (12 obras) · Cognition (11 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (10 obras) · Psychological intervention (8 obras)